Ldm sinh ^Xf6C DAU TIM HIEU VE KHA NANG NHAN GIONG BANG HOM LOAI CAY MO CHIM Pham Diic Tuan^, Nguyen Viet Cirtmg ,̂ Nguyen Minh Ngpc^ ^PGS TS Vien NO vd PTCN NLN Thdnh Tdy ^TS Vien NC Giong vd CNSH Ld[.]
Ldm sinh ^Xf6C DAU TIM HIEU VE KHA NANG NHAN GIONG BANG HOM LOAI CAY MO CHIM Pham Diic Tuan^, Nguyen Viet Cirtmg^, Nguyen Minh Ngpc^ ^PGS TS Vien NO vd PTCN NLN Thdnh Tdy ^TS Vien NC Giong vd CNSH Ldm nghiep TOM TAT B ^ vilt trinh b^y mpt so kSt qua thit nghifim buac dau ve kha nang nhSn gi6ng bang hom ciia lo&i cay M6 chim (Cleidion spicijlorum Burm) Co 16 cong thuc thi nghiem bao gfim chat dieu hoa sinh tnicmg lAA v& IBA d^ng hot va dgng dung dich voi cdc nflng dfl khac va Icflng thuc doi chiing Kflt qua thii nghifm cho thay: (1) CSy Mo chim co the tao cay bang phuong phap giim hom Tuy nhien, de hom re dat ket qua cao can su dung chit kich thich smh trucmg (2) Cong thicc lAA dang bfit co nflng 1% cho ket qua tfii nhat sfl nhOng cflng thiic thii nghiem ve lAA Cflng thirc IBA dgng dung dich vol nong dfi lOOppm dgt gi^ tri cao nh3t so cac cong thiic thit nghifim vfi IBA (3) So sanh ket qud giua sit dung lAA vci sit dung IBA lam chit kfch thfch re hom Mo chim cho thay IBA dat ket qua cao hem Tir khoa; Cdy Md chim, gidm hom, lAA va IBA, ri LDATVANDE Md chim (Cleidion spicijlorum) la mdt lodi cdy ban dia mpc nhanh vd phdn bd tii nhien kha rgng, nen cd tridn vpng cho trdng rimg neu duoc nghien cuu dat kdt qua Nghien ciiu budc ddu vg v^t h^u hpc cho thdy Md chim la loai cay cd hi?n tugng cay due, cay cdi vd hat gidng khd ndy mam, thai gian ndy m^m rdt ddi Vi vay, viec tim hieu khd nang tao cay bang phucmg phap gidm hom cd thd cd y nghia cho san xuat sau ndy Ngodi vd mat khoa hpc se gdp phdn lam phong phu them nhung hidu bidt vg vige hinh thdnh he rl tir cdc bg phan sinh dudng ciia nhung lodi cay ban dia khdc De giai quygt nhimg van dg neu tren, mpt npi dung nghien cuu da dugrc th^rc hien la sir dung cac chdt dieu hda sinh trudng lAA va IBA de kich thich rl d hom cay Md chim Cac npi dung nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tai vudn uom cua Trung tdm nghidn ciiu gidng ldm nghipp Vinafor d Ky Son- Hod Binh n NQI DUNG, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU - Anh hudng cua chat dieu hoa sinh irudng lAA den khd ndng re cua hom dugc thii nghiem d cdng thiic thi nghiem nhu mo ta bang - Anh hudng cua chat didu hod sinh irudng IBA den khd nang r l ciia hom dupc thvt 44 nghiem d cdng thiic thi nghidm trinh bay bang Ngudn viit lieu phyc vi^ nghien ciiu dugc lay tir vudn cay cap hom xay dung vao thdng 3/2011, hom sii dung cac cdng tbiic la hom vdi chieu ddi mdi hom tir 15 dgnl7 cm Cdc chdi Md chim dugc sir dung ldm vat lieu giam hom thudng cd tdc dp tang trudng rat nhanh, trung binh mgt chdi cd thd dai 34 cm vdi didu kien thdi tigt thuan lgi d mua mua (day Id tdc sinh trudng chdi hom d vudn uom cd cham sdc hang ngay, vgy khdng the du tinh cho cay sinh trudng d rimg trdng dugc) Chdi cd kich thudc ldn, dudng kinh than chdi tir 0,5 den 0,8cm, la to, cuong la dai, khodng each giua cac Id tuong ddi xa (hmh 1), nggn chdi rdt mdm va de gay, day chfnh Id nhimg luu ^ sii dung chdi ldm vat lieu giam hom Cdc dieu kign giam hom nhu Igu hom, thdi gian tudi phun , dugc dp nhu nhu giam hom bach ddn Tuy nhien cd dieu chlnh sd lan tudi phun ngdy dg phii hgp vdi didu ki$n thdi tiet Thdi vii giam hom la vu thu, day la thdi diem gidm hom cho ti le r l cao nhat ddi vdi cdy rimg ndi chung Thi nghiem dugc bd trf theo khdi ngdu nhidn vdi lan ldp, sd lugng hom mdi cdng thiic 35 hom Thdi gian nhung ngam hom dung dich chdi didu hod sinh trudng la 10 phut Cdc chi tieu theo doi Id ty le rg, s6 re/hom, chigu ddi r l vd chi sd re TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 Ldm sinh Bdng Tdng hpp cdc cong thux thi nghidm ve lAA vd IBA Cdng thiTC Chat dieu hod sinh trirdng Cdng thiic lAA dang bdt 0.5% Cdng thirc lAA d?ng bgt 0.75% Cdng thiic lAA dang hot 1.0% Cdng thuc lAA d^ng bpt 1.5% Nong d9 Cdng thiic lAA dang bpt 2.0% Cdng thiic Dung djch lAA 50ppm Cong thiic Dung dich lAA lOOppm Cdng thiic Dung dich lAA 150ppm Cdng thiic Dung djch lAA 200ppm Cdng thiic 10 IBA dang bpt 0.5% Cdng thiic 11 IBA dang bpt 0.75% Cdng thiic 12 IBA dang bpt 1.0% Cdng thiic 13 Dung dich IBA 50ppm Cdng thiic 14 Dung djch IBA lOOppm Cdng thiic 15 Dung djch IBA 150ppm Cdtig thiic 16 Dung dich IBA 20apmm Ddi chiing Khdng sii dung chat DHST Hinh Vudn cung cdp hom c^ Ddo chim T4J» CHI KHOA HQC VA C N G N G H $ LAM NGHI $P SO 4-2014 45 Lam sinh S6 li$u thu thap dugc phan ti'ch, xvr ly theo cSc phuong phSp thdng kS thuc hi^n tren may tfnh theo chuong trinh EXCEL v i SPSS m KET QUA NGHlfeN CUtI 3.1 Theo doi diln bien thM tiet thM gian giam hom Thai gian thi nghidm ve giam hom duoc thuc hi^n tir ngjy 01/9 dSn 31/10 Trong thai ley n&y da theo doi dien bien ve nhiet dp Idiong va am dp khong hSng ngtiy tai noi thi '•v^yA'vv^^V^ Bilu dh Dien biin nhipt dp hdng ngdy 3.2 Anh hudng cua chat dilu hoa sinh trudng lAA din Icet qua giam hom Md cliim - Ket qua nghien ciiu vdi ca hai chat diSu hda sinh trudng (lAA vd IBA) cho thdy sau 20 ngdy, sd lugng hom chet Id tuong ddi ft chiem khoang 10%, cdc hom giam it cd hi?n tugng rung Id hodc bj thdi hom nhu ddi vdi bach ddn - Hom bdt dau re sau 21 ngdy, moi hom rl cd - re, rl ddi 0,1 - 1,5cm; dgn Ihii 32, sd lugng re/hom da tdng len rdt nhidu theo timg cdng thiic thf nghiem cu thg Id tir ddn 20 rg/hom, chilu ddi re tir din 10cm, tir mgt re chfnh cung sinh nhilu r l phy Tfnh den ngdy thii 50 sd lugng hom rd dai ti le cao nhdt 77,1% cdng thirc 14 (lOOppm), thap nhat la 20% d6i vdi hom ddi chiing - Hom da rg dugc chuydn bdu ddt cd kfch thudc 12 x 15 cm Trong tudn ddu tidn bau dugc de d noi thodng mat, khdng cd dnh nang try:c tidp anh hudng din cdy hom Sau mdt tuan, cay chju dyng dugc vdi mdi 46 nghiem, kdt qud dugc thg hi?n qua bieu dd vd CJua cdc bieu ndy cho thdy: Trong thdi gian gidm hom nhipt dg thdp nhdt Id 23,6''C, nhi?t dg cao nhat Id 29,6°C nhipt dg trung binh thdi gian nghidn cuu la 26,2 °C Dd am thdp nhat la 73%, dO dm cao nhdt la 96%, dd am trung binh Id: 83,6% Ddy Id nhung miic nhiet dg vd dp am khdng tuong ddi thuan lgi cho cdc nghidn ciiu ve giam hom mol sd loai cdy rimg ^^A/AA^-^ Bieu Diin biin dm d^ hdng ngdy tradng mdi se chuyen noi cd ndng dg cdy sinh trudng vd phdt trien Ket qud gidm hom Md chim d cdc cdng thiic thi nghiem sau thdng vdi chdt dieu hoa sinh trudng lAA d?ng bpt va dang dung dich d cac ndng khac dugc thi hien bang Sd li?u tir bang cho thdy tdt cd cdc chi tieu theo ddi ddm d cdc cdng thiic dung chal kfch thfch rl lAA diu ldn hon gdp nhilu ldn so vdi doi chiing Cy thd cdng thuc lAA d^ng bgt vd dung dich ti le r l dat lir 40% den 65,7%, cdng thirc (CT3) dgng bgt (1%) vd CTS dang dung dich (ISOppm) dgt ti le r l tuang ddi cao tuong img la 65,7% vd 62,9%, cdc chi tidu khdc nhu sd lugng r l ciing nhu chilu dai rl diu ldn han cac cdng thiic cdn lai So vdi doi chirng (20%) cdng thiic rd t6t nhat (CT3 vd CTS) vugt doi chung khoang lan Tir sd lipu bang cho thay c6 thd diing lAA dang bgt hodc nudc ddu cho kha ndng re tuong duong nhau, nhidn dang bgt % vdn cd ti le rl cao han TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 Ldm sinh Bang Anh hudng cda lAA tdi khd nang re cda Mo chim CBngthftc CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 CTS CT6 CT7 cn CT9 BC s6homTN SShomrarlTB Tylera^r?TB 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 14 20 23 19 15 16 18 22 17 40,0 57,1 65,7 54,3 42,9 45,7 51,4 62.9 48,6 20 ^'^^In iri) 11.3 11,7 12,8 12,5 12,7 12,8 12,9 13,5 12,8 9,7 ™'"^,"'^™ 12,6 13,1 13,2 13,0 12,4 12,2 13,5 14,2 12,9 12,3 Ket qud phan tfch phuang sai mOt nhdn td ddu cho F < 0,05 chiing td chdt lAA d cac ndng dg khdc cua dang bdt vd dung dich Cling nhu ddi chiing cd dnh hudng ro rpt tdi ty le rl, so lugng r l va chieu ddi r l cua hom Thdng qua tieu chudn Duncan xdc dinh dugc cdng ihiic tot nhdi cho gidm hom Md chim bdng chat dilu hod sinh tradng lAA Id dang bgt vdi ndng 1% (cdng thtic 3) dang dung dich 100 ppm cho ti lp re cao nhat dat tuong ling la 71,4% vd 77,1 %, cdn cdng thiic ddi chiing chi dgt ti le r l 20% vdi sd re va chigu dai re deu thap dgt tuong iing la 9,7 rl vd 12,3cm thdp hon nhilu so vdi CTII (14,3 rl vd 15 cm)vdCT14(14,9rlvd 15,1 cm) Nhdn dinh trgn dugc khang djnh thdng qua kit qua phan tfch phuong sai mdt nhdn to cho thay xdc suat F cua cac gia tri ve ty Id re, sd lugng rl/hom, chilu ddi rl dat 0,000 - 0,002 3.3 Anh hirdng cua ch^t dieu hoa sinh (diu nhd hon 0,05) Dieu chiing td sii dyng trirdng IBA din Icit qua giSm hom Md chim chdt kfch thfch rd IBA cd dnh hudng rd ret tdi Kdt qua thii nghipm vd sir dung IBA kgt qua nhdn gidng bang hom cua cay Md chim giam hom Md chim dugc thd hipn bang Thdng qua lieu chudn Duncan da xac dinh Tir sd lipu cua bdng ndy cd thg thay ro d tat ca cdng thiic xii ly hom bang dung djch IBA ndng cdc cdng thiic cd sit dung IBA de kfch thfch hom 100 ppm (Cdng thiic 14) Id tot nhdt (ty le ra re ddu cd hieu qua tdt hon so vdi ddi chiing, rg dat 77,1%; sd r l trung binh Id 14,9 re/hom; dd CTI vdi IBA dgng bOt 0,75% va CT14 chidu ddi re Id 15,1 cm) Bang Anh hudng cua IBA tdi khd ndng re cua hom Md chim So hom re TB Ty Ie re TB So rS TB Chieu ddi re TB (cm) 35 17 35 35 35 25 48,6 71,4 14,2 14,4 14,3 15,0 20 19 57,1 54,4 13,3 14,1 13,6 14,2 35 35 27 25 77,1 14,9 15,0 15.1 71,4 35 35 18 51,4 14,6 14.9 20,0 9,7 12,3 Cdng thii-c So hom TN CTIO CTII CT12 CT13 CTM CT15 CT16 DC (%) 16.0 T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA C N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP S 4-2014 Ldm sinh Hinh CT15 • IBA ISOppm Neu so sdnh kit qud thu nghiem giiia cdng thiic 3; cdng thiic cua dang chat lAA vdi cdng thiic 11; cdng thiic 14 cua chat IBA thdy rdng chdt kfch thfch re IBA cd ti 1^ rl cung nhu chilu dai r l va sd lugng rd vugt trdi han chdt lAA dieu ndy ciing hgp vdi cdc kit qua nghien ctiu vl nhan gidng bdng hom cho cdc lodi mgc nhanh nhu keo va bach ddn IV KET LUAN - Cd thi tgo cay Md chim bang phuang phap gidm hom Tuy nhien, dd viec gidm hom dat kit qud cao cdn thill phai su dung cac chat kich thfch rl cho xir ly hom - Gidm hom Md chim bang chat dieu hda sinh trudng lAA, cdng thiic cho ket qud tdt nhdt cdng thiic vdi ndng dp 1% dgng bgt, ty le rl Id 65,7%, vdi so rl 12,8 rl/hom, chilu ddi re 13,2cm Vdi chat digu hoa sinh trudng IBA, cdng thiic 14 cho ket qud tdt nhdt la nhung Hinh Doi chdng dung djch co ndng dg lOOppm, dat ly le rl Id 77,1%, so re tren hom la 14,9 re/hom, chieu ddi re la 15,1cm - So sanh giiia chdt kich thfch lAA vd IBA dugc dung xu 1}? hom Md chim thi dung dich IBA nong lOOppm cho kit qud tdt hon TAI LIf U THAM KHAO Nguyen Vift Cuong (2009), Khdo sdt ddnh gid ph&n bo lodi vd phdn tich tinh chdt go cua hai lodi bdn dia mpc nlianh (Md chim Thdi) nhdm de xual hu&ng sir difng vd nghiin cim ph\ic vy rung kinh ti Vi§n khoa hpc LSm nghifp Vift Nam Phgm VSn Tu5n (1996), "Mpt s6 nhSn to inh hucmg den ty 1? re ciia hom", Bdn tin hpi Khoa hpc ky thudt Ldm nghiep Viet Nam, (4), trang 8-11 Nguyen Trong Binh (2012), Phuang phdp nghiin cuu khoa bpc chuyen ngdnh, (Tdi liiu tham khdo), Tnicmg dEii hpc LSm nghifp, H^ Noi Nguyin Hai Tu5l vk Nguyen Trpng Binh (2005), Khai Ihdc vd sir dung SPSS di xif ly sd liiu Irong nghiin cuu Ldm nghiip NXB N6ng nghifp, Hk N9i-2005 Trung tim dir bao khf tirgng thuy van Hoa Binh, Tdi liiu tugng thuy vdn, 2012 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C N G NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 4-2014 _^^^^^^ Ldm sinh INITIAL RESEARCH ON THE ABILITY O F CUTTING PROPAGATION O F Cleidion spiciflorum SPECIES Pham Due Tuan, Nguyen Viet Cuong, Nguyen Minh Ngoc SUMMARY The article presents initial results on the i^iility of cuuing propagation of Cleidion spiciflorum species There are 16 experimental varians, including lAA and IBA in powder and solution forms with different concentrations and control varians The experimental results show that: (1) Cleidion spiciflorum species are able to propagate by cuttings However, it should use growth hormenes for cutting propagation (2) lAA with concentration 1% is best result among M A experimental varians and IBA with concentration lOOppm is best one among IBA expenmental varians (3) IBA utility for cutting propagation is bester in compare with lAA Keywords: Cleidion spiciflorum species, cutti GSng propagation, lAA and IBA, root growth Ngudi phdn bi^n GS.TS Ngd Quang De Ngdy nh|n bai 23/6/2014 Ngay phan bi|n 26/6/2014 Ngay quylt djnh dang 20/10/2014 T^P CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIi:P SO 4-2014 ... nhdn gidng bang hom cua cay Md chim giam hom Md chim dugc thd hipn bang Thdng qua lieu chudn Duncan da xac dinh Tir sd lipu cua bdng ndy cd thg thay ro d tat ca cdng thiic xii ly hom bang dung... cd hi?n tugng rung Id hodc bj thdi hom nhu ddi vdi bach ddn - Hom bdt dau re sau 21 ngdy, moi hom rl cd - re, rl ddi 0,1 - 1,5cm; dgn Ihii 32, sd lugng re /hom da tdng len rdt nhidu theo timg... nghien ctiu vl nhan gidng bdng hom cho cdc lodi mgc nhanh nhu keo va bach ddn IV KET LUAN - Cd thi tgo cay Md chim bang phuang phap gidm hom Tuy nhien, dd viec gidm hom dat kit qud cao cdn thill