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Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo ^NGHIEN CUU XAC DjNH CAC T H O N G Stf CH0NG GIA C6 NGA BA, HANI TRAM KHAU Oft L 6 N B & N G NEO CAP CHAT DEO KET HOP BE T O N G In the process of constructing the larg[.]
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o ^NGHIEN CUU XAC DjNH CAC THONG Stf CH0NG GIA C6 NGA BA, HANI TRAM KHAU Oft L N B & N G NEO CAP CHAT DEO KET HOP BE TONG In the process of constructing the large span intersections and chambers under the weak rock conditions, using I - shaped supporting frame provide low efficiency and many difficulties At present, the cable resin - concrete anchor bolts have been widely applied to the mining operations on the world with high efficiency and economy The paper intnjduces the research results on the determination of the supporting parameters at some specific areas and their construction process I.Datvdndi Trong nganh khai khoang nude ta, neo da dugc su dyng each day khoang 30 nam Trong qua trinh ap dyng, cac qui trinh, hudng d i n va eac tieu chuin chdng giu cac dudng Id mo bang vi neo da dugc ban hanh Tuy nhien cac vSn ban ndi tren chf mdi de cap din neo ngan (ndng) nhu neo be tong cot thep, neo chat deo cit thep Cae loai neo dai (sau) lien kit giua neo vdi khoi da nguyen nim each xa mat Ip, chiiu cao vom can bang tg nhien ldn cdn chua dugc nghien CUU thu nghi0m mgt each day du trudc ap dung rpng rai, TS PHAM MINH eUC KS NGUYEN V A N C O N G KS PHl VAN LONG Vi$n Khoa hgc Cong ngh$ Mo - Vinacomin Bien tap: TS Tnrang D&c Dw cua ban than dudng 16 tgi vi tri thi cdng yeu to tu nhien, tac dgng cua cdng nghe, nhu kit c i u va v|t li$u chong giu, hinh dang tiit didn, thdi gian t i n tai dudng 16 , Vi vgy, tgi eac vj tri dudng Id cd khiu dp Idn, nim khdi da khong dong nhlt, dudng 16 khdng on t^nh Nhu vay, d i gia c i dudng Id tai cac vj tri phuc tgp can phai xem xet mgt each ting t h i cae yiu t i , bao gom dieu kien tu nhien va dieu kign md [2] Nghien euu tac ddng cua ung suit nguyen sinh da quanh dudng 16 thiy rang, dudng Id b i tri d dudi dp sau gidi hgn (Hkr), [y.H/on] [5] thi da quanh dudng Id bj niM ne, pha Neo cap vdi Igi t h i v i chiiu dai, su dung chit huy, tac dpng Idn din sg on dinh cua dudng Id bam dinh dung djch xi mang va sau su dgng Chieu sau gidi han la mgt gia tri tuong doi, phy chit deo la logi kit c i u ching lien kit giOa vat thugc vao c i u true, tinh chit da va khii da, t h i ching vdi khdi da mpt each dgc Igp, co vai khdng chi ed bin nen (o) mlu ma khoi da edn trd [2]; gia tang luc eho cae khung ching dd ddc bj giam ben cac y i u t i kiin tao nhu nCrt ne, Igp; gia cudng va ching cac dudng id phan Idp, khdng dong nhlt, gdc nghieng cua md him 16; gia cudng cai thi^n tinh chit co hgc Idp Vi the sau dudng Id gidi han cd t h i la cua khii da bao quanh dudng 16 md dieu 400m, 500m hoac thap hon, thugc dieu kien kien dja chit md phuc tgp; gia cudng cae ldp da da bj nurt ne, phong hoa, phan Idp, sung nude CO ban quanh dudng id mdt ben tiip xuc vdi hay khd rao tac dgng va lam cho gia trj thuc khoang sang; gia cudng doi vdi cac khung cua (on) bj giam dang k i , tac dgng den gia tri cua sau gidl han Cac gia tri dugc [5] gidi thieu ching tgi cac nga ba, nga tu, cae him tram, tai bang nhung dudng Id cd khiu dp Idn; va cung vdi be tdng bom ep, neo cap giup eai thien tinh chit Bang PhSn loai diiu kien 6n dinh di quanh Id khii da bj v6 nhau, lien kit y i u quanh dudng 16 theo Bruzko "Bai bao d i cap d i n viec xae djnh cac thdng Gia tri cua dd sau gioi han MiJc on dinh s i ching gia co nga ba, ham tram, nhung cua da quanh Ldp di thoai hoSc Ldp di ddc dudng 16 co khau ldn bang neo cap chat deo dieo^ng 16 dSc nghidng vi dSc dOng kit hgp be tdng 0,65 nhieu tac dgng cua cac y i u to, bao gom tac dgng KHCNM SO I2;20I5« CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo Khi cac dudng 16 co khiu rgng, nhu tgi cac -Chi^u ddi dot neo nga ba, him trgm, 16 hai dudng xe dd, chiiu cao vdm can bang se rit Idn, vi the, nhung trudng hgp nay, khdng t h i su dung thuyet tgo vdm Protodiaconov, nhung Igi dung vdi each xac djnh va dgc cua [ 3], [7] Diiu kien su dung neo cap chit dec va be tong Tgi cac nga ba, nga tu, cac ham, tram, va ndi Hinh S(?i dp neo vi bui "cu hinh" cOa neo chung, cac dudng id cd khau Idn, chiiu cao vOng biin dgng deo (pha huy) rit Idn, Idn hon thi edng phi>e tgp, dong thdi mue dg an to^n chieu cao tinh tu nin din ndc Id Trong dieu kien thip do, niu su dung neo cdt thep de chong giu Trudng hgp su dyng cac loai vi ching dang nhij-ng dudng Id nay, ddi hdi dudng kinh cit neo Idn, luong chit deo bam dinh can nhieu, khung, ddi hoi vi ching cd kha nang ching uon cao Nhu vgy, hogc la su dung cac thep • / / / ^ ^^ -^m —- r - ' Ching giiJ tCi' mpt phia de gia c6 Ccic ngS ba bing cac dogn cap dai 6-8m Nga ba trudc d6 dugc chong dd bing vl ching th6p dang vom, li§n kit khoi vdi bing Ccic th6p chO I dang lun ho^c thSnh th6p hinh chO' U bi sung them mot so neo hong Ky hieu: c^c neo soi c^p dSi; Thanh th6p Ii6n kit cac vi chong; M6t vSI neo diem tai h6ng 16 Neo cap gia c i tai cac ngi tir bing c^c sgi cdp c6 chieu dai 6-8m tai ngS tu' ch6o gi&a 16 doc via vi 16 c^i si> di(fhg vi chong gia cu'dng bSc vi gia co bing li§ thong neo cap, treo c^c d& K^ hi$u: 1, H6 cSc neo sgi cSp dai, C^c dd hen kit cac xa; VI chong thdng thu'dng; 4, CSc xi cong gia co th&m; Thanh gac xS thing Gia CO cdc nga ba kich thu'dc cdc vi khdc nhau, SLP dung neo cdp treo cdc xS ri^ng biSt cua vi ching Ky hi6u Cdc c^p sgi ddi, 2; Cdc xd dd Hinh Sa dd sO- dung neo cip va b6 tri cic xi da chdng giO gia c6 cic ngd ba Id cSt KHCNM SO 12/2015*CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo chu I th^nh eao hoac phai ching liin vi, vua tang chi phi, ma higu qua chong giu" khdng cao, muc tin cay thip Neo cap chit dec, neo cap be tdng hogc hdn hgp neo cap chit deo - be tdng la loai neo ed chieu dai theo nhu c i u va b i n keo rit cao Do sg mem mai d i uon l i p rap cac lo khoan sau va sg tgp hgp cua nhieu sgi thep c6 dg ben co hge eao nen neo cap cd t h i ching giu tai cac dogn Id khiu dp va chieu cao vdm can bing Idn Nguyen ly lam vigc cua neo cap la treo khii da bien 16 bang cac sgi cap dai vao khii da bin vung each mgt 16 bien 16 Idn Ben canh do, neo cap cdn dugc su dung nhu mgt phuong tien treo c^c vi chong (gia cudng), cac xa lien kit cac vi ching ho#c su dyng d i treo cac ray (monorail) phue vu van chuyin tren cao Cac cap sgi cap neo la nhung loai thep c6 dp ben cao, cd tai trgng len tdi ba bin chue tan (neo cap KGS -1-420 (420 kN)[3]), dugc gia cdng eae bd su dung chat deo bam dinh, hogc them cac bui "cu hanh" (hinh 1) d i vCra xi mang chui vao su dung chat bam dinh xi mang, tao cac khii be tong cot thep tang tai trpng cho he thong neo cap be tdng va chat deo Tuy nhien, gia mgt sgi neo cdp eung rat Idn Chi tinh rieng cap va phu kien di kem, mdi cap neo cd gia tu 75 - 110 USD [3] Vi t h i , viec su dyng neo cap sau rat chgn Ige Mgt s i vi tri va so d i b i tri neo cap sdu dugc su dung phi biin [3], [7] tren t h i gidi, dugc gidi thigu tren so hinh Neo cap cd t h i su dung dgc lap vdi viec lien ket cac vi ching tai cac vj tri xung yeu hoac treo cae dim da lien kit cac mang vi ching vdi [3], hinh Xac djnh cac thdng sd xay dipng ho chiiu chdng gia Gu'O'ng b i n g neo cap Tai cae nude cd nen eong nghidp khai khoang tien tien nhu Nga, Ba Lan, ngudi ta da ed nhCfng quy trinh, tieu chuin thi cdng, Ngay chieu s§u khai thac than cang Idn, cang xuing slu, da phai chiu tac dong cua ieng suit nguyen sinh cang Idn Nhu vay viec dp dung eac thuyet tao vdm chua xem xet d i n cac y i u to giam ben theo chieu sau, nhlt la - v ,v , -,- ^ /Thanh neo g5 Hinh 3.Sa dd bS tri neo theo nguy&n li' treo bin dim l§n tr&n dd vdch cac dudng 16 b i tri dudi muc chiiu sau gidi han (Hkr) la chua phu hgp Diiu co the tac dgng den viec lua chgn chieu dai neo va tai trgng neo khdng chinh xac Do khoi da vdm can bing tu nhien khong dung vdi vung biin dgng deo thgc t i tgo quanh cdng trinh thi cong Theo [3] Ximbarevich, vung biin dang deo tai ndc nga ba xac dinh nhu (1): Trong chieu rpng lan nhat tai nga ba, ham tram xac dinh theo (2): 5; =^ + 2WJg(45'-") (2) D6i vai cac nga ba, ham tram nam dwc/i chieu sau gidi han, H > Hkr, du'a tren nguyen ly vijng biln dang cua khoi da don su' dung nguyen ly de Saint Venanta GS Kleczka (Ba Lan) [3], dua each xac d|nh (3): (3) Trong dd: H - Chieu sau tai vi tri su dyng chong neo cap gia cudng; Sw - Khau Idn nhlt dao tai vi tri 16 ching neo gia cudng; Ww - Chiiu cao Idn nhat dao tai vj tri neo gia cudng; KHCNM S 12/2015* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hgc cong nghe mo ysr - Kh6i luiyng thS tich trung binh cua da vach; ko - H$ so dp ben cua khoi da; kn - He so tap trung Crng suit; Rcg« - Dp ben chiu keo trung binh cua da He s6 ko, kn can phai xac dinh theo kinh pghiem thyc te Tai Nga, cac thong s6 xac ^nh kich thu-ac spi neo Ccip dype tieu chuan hoa th6ng qua cac "Hypng dSn" dype Nha nupc qui dinh, do, cac hypng dan deu chFdln each xae dinh thong so neo qua cac tinh toan Theo [7], chieu dai neo cap gia c6 tai cac nga ba, nga ty hay cae ham tram khiu dp rpng, chieu cao vung bien dang deo Ipn cung dype xac dinh nhy (4): lka = hc8+l3 + lB (4) Trong do: b - Chi^u dai phin khoa neo, nam ngoai vCing biln dang deo tai noc nga ba, ty , thypng lay bang tCf 0,8-1,0m; IB - Chieu dai phan dudi nep thp ngoai mat Ip de lap d|it giang, t i m dem thypng liy t i i da bang 0,2m; hcB - Chilu cac vung bien dang dep tren npc le Khpang each giua cac neo hang xac dinh theo (5): B-2 n.j -1 (5) Trong do: - T6ng khoang each ti> neo cap ngoai cung den mep bien dudng 16, m; - Mat neo (neo/m2) cap x^c dinh theo (6): p (6) Trong do: PBKY Tac dpng cua vom ^p lyc noc tac dong len neo cap, kN/m2; Nka - Kha nang mang tai cua nee cap, kN Chilu cao vom cSn bang ty nhien (hCB) xSe dinh theo (7): hcB = kcB Bp (7) Trong do: kcB - H$ so v6m can bang ty nhien xae dinh theo bang 2; Bp - Chilu rong tinh toSn cua dypng 16, eo tinh d i n vung pha huy hong 16 x^c dinh theo cong thuc (8): Bp = B + bp (8) Trong d6: bp - Chilu rpng vljng pha huy hai ben hpng 16 theo 19 thuylt v6m pha hOy cCia Ximbarevich, Ily bang 0,8 m Nhy vay chieu dai neo qap sy dgng gia co nga ba, nga ty, him tram xac djnh theo (9) iKa = kcB (B +2Bp) + l3 + IB (9) Cong ngh$, thidt bj thi cdng neo cdp chit deo kit hop be tong Neo chit deo c i t thep hay neo be tong cot thep, v^t lieu bam dinh toan bO than neo Boi v6i neo cap, sy dung chit deo d l \im chit bam dinh, ngyp'i ta [3], [4], [7], [9] chi si> dung mpt thni chit dee co chiiu dai 0,8-1,0m hoac hai thoi chat deo 0,6m d l dya vao d4y 16 khpan nen D l lap diy khoang quanh than cSp ngoai thoi chit deo da lip dat, tao dupe lyc bam dinh tai khoa neo, phia dyo'i than nen dypfc bpm day dung djch xi mang C6ng nghe bpm ep dung dieh xi mang va bpm vae 16 nee dupe thyc hien bang hai each: 1) Bpm 4p tip day 16 khpan nen, phan khoa nee ngpai mIeng 16 nep; Bpm 6p bang each dCin diy dung djch xi mang tl> phin mieng lo neo vSo sau ben lo neo va ch4n kfn toan bp i l khpan nep, nhy hinh Thiet bi khoan neo Khpan Ip nep cap vd'i chilu dai 5-8m len noc Bing Gii tn cue he sd kca vdm dn bing tu nhien [7] D6 bin nin dpc true cua da 10 20 30 40 90 100 160 200 60 60 70 80 Re, MPa Ou'b'ng 16 nim 0.68 0,64 0,60 0,66 0,52 0,48 0,44 0,40 0,36 0,32 0,28 0,24 kh6i da nguygn kcB Gu'6'ng 16 chju anh 0,85 0,80 0,75 0,70 0,65 0,60 0,55 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,36 0,30 hypng cua ap lire tu'a KHCNM SO I2/2015*CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe md 16 theo chieu thang dung ddi hdi viec ehpn va xu ly thiit bj nhu may khoan, mui khoan, hg thong cung cip nang lugng rat phuc tgp Tuy nhien, nhung may khoan xoay, nhu cac logi dang su dyng: MQT; Jambo; Wombat; MYT; Boltek hodn todn dap ung ydu cau thi cdng Dk lap ddt neo cap chit deo bam dinh, sau khoan c i n lam ye sinh Id khoan, dung gdy chuyen dung kieu n i i dai tele de day thdi chit dec vdo day Id neo Dk thdi chit deo khdng bj tyt roi khdi Id, SCP dung mdt dogn day budc ho^c mdc dgng hom gid de giu djnh vj thdi chat deo, Chiiu dai thdi chit deo chgn logi cd chiiu dai 0,8 -1,0m Dua cap neo vao day l i Su dung khdp n i i dau may khoan vdi cap neo vd cho mdy khoan xoay d i trgn chit deo Chat deo ddng ran, dd lap dat cdc phy kign vd bom dung djch vij-a xi mang vao 16 neo May bom vua vao Id neo la log! may bom pitdng de diy vua vao l i p d i y lo neo K i t luan Neo cap, vdi kha nang mang tai rat Idn (3042 tan/neo), chieu dai tieu chuan (5-8m) dugc san xuit dong bd, la kit cau gia co mang lai hieu qua v i ky thugt rat Idn Neo cap dugc su dyng dung ehi, dung myc dich se tdng cudng muc dp 6r\ d\r\i\ cua da va khii da ma cdc loai kit cau khdc khdng ddp ung dugc Cdng tac thi cong ldp dat neo cdp khdng phuc tap, cdng nhan tgi cac md ham 16 nude ta c6 t h i lam chu e6ng nghe va diiu khien thiit bj duge chuyin giao e6ng hgh$ Tuy nhien neo cap la mgt loai neo cd gid thdnh tuong d i i cao Vi vgy, de neo cdp tro thdnh hign thgc cac md h i m Id nude ta, chr ndn su dyng neo cdp nhu mdt loai kit cau ching gia c i , tang muc dg i n dinh cac dudng Id khau dg Idn, vung biin dang dec tren ndc Id eao md cac kit c i u chong khac khdng ddp ung Dk bao dam chi phi vd gia thanh, nen su dyng neo cap vdi chit bam dfnh hdn hgp dd Id chit deo d i bdm dinh ban d i u nhanh va l i p diy 16 neo bing dung dich xi mang poriand vdi edc phy gia cai thidn dieu kign lam vigc cua xi mang./ Tai li^u tham khao: Hirdng din chdng id bSng neo BTCT kit hgp BTP-Tap doan CN Than - Khodng san Vi0t Nam Alan Thomson Performance of Cable Bolt Anchors-An update Curtin University of Technology WS School of Mine Kalgoorlie Western Australia Mirostaw Chudek, Stanistaw Du2y (2005), Geotechnmiczne problemy utrzymania wyrobisk korutarzowych w ziozonych warunkach geologiczno-gorniczych, Gdmictwo i Geoininieria "Rok 29'Zeszyt 3/1 G Michalik, B iVIaka A Ratacyk, P Gluch (2008), Poprawa Sposoby utrzymania Obudowy Podporowej Skrzyzowan Chodnikow przez Wysokie Kotwienie na Przkladzie kopaini „Knurow", Zeszyty naukowe Politech niki Slaskiej Sena : GOrnictwo z N r k o l 1781 K Podgorski, W Podgorski (1969), Obudowa kotwiowa Wyrobisk Gomiczych, Wydawnictwo ,.SIisk" E B flpywKo, K5 3acnaBCKHM, O, M FlepennHKa (1975), YcmoQ^ueocmb OcHoeHbix TopHbix BbipadomoK, MsflaTenbCTBO "flOHdac" K3 M XajiMMeHflHK A C BapbiiuHMKOB kJcnonb3oeaHue KaHamHux anKepoe npu Kpennenuu ebipadomoK e ycnoeunx cnoucmax nopod MHCTpyKMHn no paonery H npMMeHneHHio (2013) AHKepHoO Kpenu na YaonbHbix waxmax PoccuucKoQ 0edepai4uu - HHCipyKUMa Hinh So d6 bam vOa vio Id khoan neo cip 1) TO" mi$ng l5 khoan neo; 2) tCe diy Id neo wwwJennmarCablebolt.com 10 Dywidag Cablebolts for mining va Jennmar KUCWI so 12/2015* CNKT HAM LO ... he thong neo cap be tdng va chat deo Tuy nhien, gia mgt sgi neo cdp eung rat Idn Chi tinh rieng cap va phu kien di kem, mdi cap neo cd gia tu 75 - 110 USD [3] Vi t h i , viec su dyng neo cap sau... Chieu sau tai vi tri su dyng chong neo cap gia cudng; Sw - Khau Idn nhlt dao tai vi tri 16 ching neo gia cudng; Ww - Chiiu cao Idn nhat dao tai vj tri neo gia cudng; KHCNM S 12/2015* CNKT HAM... dai neo qap sy dgng gia co nga ba, nga ty, him tram xac djnh theo (9) iKa = kcB (B +2Bp) + l3 + IB (9) Cong ngh$, thidt bj thi cdng neo cdp chit deo kit hop be tong Neo chit deo c i t thep hay neo