Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo \ / N G H I E N CUU LUTA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOP Lt CHO OIEU KI|N VACH KHO SAP od, V I A 11 (46), KHU TRANG KHE CfiNGTYTHANUONGBi TKV The longwall 11(46) 2 TK at t[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o \/NGHIEN CUU LUTA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOP Lt CHO OIEU KI|N VACH KHO SAP od, VIA 11 (46), KHU TRANG KHE CfiNGTYTHANUONGBi-TKV The longwall 11(46)-2-TK at the level of-150/+30 of the coal seam 11(46) at Trang Khe region will be mined with longwall retreating on strike, supported with hydraulic sliding beam XDY, extracted with the drilling and blasting method and the roof will be contmlled with the total caving method Due to the complicated geological conditions at the above mentioned region, for selecting the proper mining technology, Uong Bi coal company has coordinated with IMSAT in studying the roof control solutions to increase the safety and mining efficiency Dat vln di Theo Oieu chmh dy an d i u tu md rpng nang cdng suit khu Trang Khe, Hing Thai (md Trang Bach) - Cong ty than Uong Bi, 16 chg 11(46)-1TK vd 16 chg 11(46)-2-TK muc -150/+30 thupc via 11(46) khu Trang Khe, duge du kien dp dung cong nghp khai thac cpt dai theo phuong, ching giu bang gia thuy lye di dpng XDY, khau guong bing khoan n i min, diiu khiin vach bang phd hoa toan phin KS DU'aNG D d c HAI KS N G U Y E N NGQC GIANG KS NGUYEN V A N DU'aNG Vi$n Khoa hqc Cong ngh$ Mo - Vinacomin Bien tap: TS Ddo Hong Qu^ng khan, nhat la viec dieu khien da vach, muc dp an todn bj han che Tu nhCVng kinh nghipm vd ngodi nuo-c, eho thay, de khai thac cac khu vue via neu tren, e6 mpt s i so d i cong nghe phu hgp hon Ti> do, Cong ty than Uong Bi da ph6i hpp vd'i Vipn Khoa hpc Cong nghe Mo nghi§n ci>u lya ehpn edng nghe khai thac hgp ly cac khu vuc vfa nay, nham nang cao hieu qua khai thac va dam bao an toan Theo eac tdi lipu tham d6 va cap nhgt qua trinh dao 16, dac (^im diiu ki§n dja chit khu vuc cac 16 chg noi tren nhu sau: Chiiu day via, rieng than, tu 0,98m - 2,8m, trung binh 2,2m, toan vfa, tu 0,98m ^4,1m, trung binh 2,7m Goc d i e via tep 35° -^ 45°, trung binh 37° Da vach sat via ehu y i u la bpt kit, chieu ddy 1,4m •^ 2,9m, trung binh 2,0m, cuong dp khang nen trung binh On = 31,5 IVIPa; tren lop bpt kit la lo-p cat kit, ddy 17,3m •*• 28,3m, trung binh 21,0m, cuong dp khang nen trung binh on = 122,2 MPa Da vach thupc loai bin vung va kho dieu khien, theo tinh chat sap do, thupc loai kho sap d6 Da try la lop set kit, set than phan bo deu, chiiu day 0,66m - 7,52m, thupc loai kem ben vung din ben vCpng trung binh, phia duo-i lo'p set kit, set than la tap da bot kit, edt kit bin vung Kinh nghiem khai thac via day trung binh, d i e nghieng, da vach kho sap Tai eae nuoc e6 nin eong nghiep mo tien tiin tren the gioi, de khai thac cac via than eo diiu kien nhu tr§n, ngu6i ta thuong ap dung hai nhom giai phap ehinh la: ThiFNhat: Su dung eac giai phap va phuong tien tac dOng tryc tiep vdo khoi da vach bin vOng, kho sap d i d i dua da vach v i trgng thai d i sap d i hoac sap trung binh Sau d6, cong tac khai thac dugc tiin hanh theo so cong nghe vd'i phuong phdp diiu khien da vach bang phd hoa todn phin Ban chit cua nhdm giai phap la Idm giam eae tinh chit ben vung c6 ly cua da vach, dua chung ve trang thai de pha huy hoac giam kich thuo-c eo- hat sap d i cung nhu thay doi dac thu pha huy cua khii Vol diiu kien dja chit mo khu vyc 16 chg nhu nham thach vach vta khoang khong da khai tren, vipe dp dung cong ngh# khai thac cpt ddi thac, dam bao ap dung duoc cac giai phap theo phuong, chong giCJ- bing gia thuy lyc di ching giij- diiu khien vach sap todn phan sau dpng XDY, khau guong bang khoan no min, dieu khai thac an toan khiin vach bang pha hoa toan phin se gap kho De thyc hien, ngud-i ta khoan cac lo khoan KHCNM SO 12/2015* CNKT HAM LO Thdng tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo ddi phia truoc guong khai thac (tir cac duong bao vp 16 chuin bj hoac tu cac via lan can hay khong So cong nghe khai thac dieu kiin vach gian phia tren via), nap n i om, hoae bom bing cac dai tru bao vp the hi#n tren hinh b hoa chat nhu chat truong no vd'i dp suit cao lam Cac giai phap theo hudng thu Nhat c6 t h i ap tang nCrt ne cung nhu kha nang tach lop cua dung rpng rai, cong tae dieu khiin dd vach khong nham thach vdch vi"a lam thay doi cong nghp vd trinh tu khau than Cong nghe SCP dung khoan n i phia truoc Tuy nhien, nhugc diem eua phuong phap la guong ldm giam tinh chit ben vij'ng cua da doi hdi dau tu Idn ve trang thiit bj, cung nhu vach, the hien tren hinh la trinh ky thuat cao xu ly khoan tiin T/7U Hai: SLP dung giai phap gian tiep nhim truoc Doi vdi diiu kien via 11(46), da vach giam tai cua khii da vach kho sap den luong tuong doi cCrng, cong tac khoan no guong khai thac, Cac giai phap bao gom su Idm y i u da vach hi#n c6n hgn chi, vi|e thi dung vat lieu chen vdo khoang da khai cdng cac 16 khoan dai ve phia vach vfa kho khan, thac, che tao cac loai vi ching dac biet co kha nen phuong an se kho dp dgng nang can bing tai trpng dat da vach tac dpng Vdi nhom giai phap thu Hai, phuong phap len vi chong; dieu khien da vdch d i n din dieu khien da vach hodn todn chu dpng theo qud trinh tiin guong bing cac dai tru than djnh hudng cua ngudi, de thuc hien va r[,i L6 thong gid M3tcltA-A Hinh tPhuungphip diiu khiin d^ vich khd sip d6 d nifdc ngoii a) Khoan nd phia trudc guang ldm glim tinh chit bin vO-ng cOa di vich; b) Sa dd cong nghe khai thdc diiu khiin vich bing cic dii tru bio v$ KHCNM S ]2/2015*CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo than, chi phi met 16 chuan bj 43m/1000 tan than, ty le ton thit than 42%, dam bao an todn Lva chon cong nghe khai thac hgp ly cho d i i u kien vach kho sap via 11 (46), khu Trang Khe Doi vdi 16 chg via 46 muc +30/lp via khu Trdng Khe, la muc trdn eua khu vuc nghien euu, diiu kipn da vach tugng tu nhu muc -150/+30, cung da dugc ap dung cdng nghp khai thac buong -16 chg, dieu khiin da vach bang cac dai try than, Sau khai thac dugc cdt, tuong il-ng vdi chiiu dai theo phuong 86m, dieu kien da vach yeu hon, sap d i cae tang ldn Trong dieu kien dd, Cdng ty than Hdng Thdi da thing nhlt vol Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md dieu chmh, khai thac Id chg ndy theo so d i cdng nghe guong 16 chg dang bac chan khay xien cheo, ching gii> bang cpt thuy lyc don xa khdp, Qua trinh ap dyng cho thay, cong nghe da d\eu khien da vach bang phuong pha phd hda cho mpt so chf tieu kinh t i ky thudt tot, cong suit toan phin D i n nay, Id chg da kit thCie khai 16 chg tu 70 -^ 90 nghin tin/nam, nang suit lao thac, dam bao an toan, vdi cac chT tieu kinh t i dpng 2,5 tIn/cong, chi phi go 34,5m3/1000 t i n ky thuat tuong doi tot" cdng suit Id chg dat 110 khong doi hdi trang thiit bi tien tien Tuy nhien, nhugc diim cua phuong phap la gdy phCpc tap day chuyen edng nghe khiu than, giam nang suit vd hieu qua khai thac Tai Viet Nam, qud trinh khai thdc tai cac md than him 16 vung Quang Ninh cung da gap mpt so vfa than co dieu kien da vach khd sap d i nhu via 5, khu Cdnh Ga, md than Vang Danh, via 15, Bac Bang Danh, md than Cao Thing, via 4, khu Khe Chudi, Cdng ty than 91, Ting Cdng ty Ddng Bac De khai thac cdc vi"a than nay, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md da phdi hgp vdi cac don vi, ap dung so cdng ngh§ khai thac budng - Id chg, khiu than bang khoan n i min, ching giu guong khai thac bang g i hole cpt thuy luc dgn, dieu khien da vach bang phuong phap d i n d i n tren cac dai try than bao ve hoac hang cut Ign gd (hinh 2) Try than bao v6 giO-a cSc c6t Thuong md 16chg Thifpngcdt L6 dgc via th6ng gio HJILTCAI A A Hinh Sodd CNKT budng -10 cha diiu khiin di vich bing cic dil tm than KHCNM SO 12/20I5' C N K T H A M L Thong tin khoa hoc cdng nghe md 16 song song chan hogc bang tai 16 dpc via van tai, nhgp vao he thong vgn tai chung eua md ngodi mgt bang - Th6ng gid: theo so thdng gid ehung eua md, gid sach tu luong gi6 chlnh eua mo theo Id dpc via vgn tai len cung d p cho 16 chg, gid thai tu 16 chg theo Id dpc via thdng gid hda vao mgng gid chung cua md thoat ngoai mat bang - Thodt nude: bang ty chay theo hp thing ranh thoat nude tai cac dudng Id cua khu vyc va hg thing ranh thoat nude ehung eua toan mo ngodi mgt bang Doi vdi so cdng nghp khai thac cpt ddi theo phugng guong 16 chg dang bac chdn khay xien cheo ching giu bing cOt TLD xa khdp (giai doan khai thac thudng ky): Theo chieu doc tcan tuyin guong cua 16 chg dugc chia cac doan, m i i dogn bao gom chan khay khiu vd cac chan khay chuyin tiip Theo phuong, 16 chg ed khdng gian toi thieu luing, do, luong guong va luing gan guong dugc chdng edt TLD vd xa khdp; luong bao vp duge ching Doi vdi so cong nghp khai thac bu6ng-ld tuong ty, ngoai d d i u mdi chdn khay x i p mpt chg: Khu vyc ap dyng duge ehia cac cpt cui Ign gd, phin cdn lgi danh hang ganh tang khai thac, vdi chiiu ddi theo phuong tu 60 - 80m cudng Cui Ign gd xep tang cudng diu mdi chan (phy thupc vao bude sap cua da vach co khay luing bao ve ed tae dyng chong 6a va hgn ban) GiO-a hai cpt khai thac liin ke dugc ngan c h i dit da d luong pha hda, trugt theo chieu die cdch bang try than bao ve co chiiu r6ng trung 16 chg Bdn cgnh do, de hgn c h i cot TLD bi mat binh 8m Trong moi cpt khai thdc tiin hanh ddo ap t y t d i ching giO d 16 chg cd gdc doc Idn, cac thugng khai thac chia cae dai khiu vdi hp chieu bo sung m6e xich lien kit giua cpt vol chieu dai theo phuong tCi- 10 ^ 15m va duge xa cua vi ching ngan each bdi cdc dai try than bao ve cd chieu So d i cdng nghe dugc the hien tren hinh rpng b = -s- 3m C6ng tdc chuan bj: Khu vyc dugc chuin bj - Cong tac khai thac 16 chg: khai thac khiu theo so d i cong nghe khai thdc cpt dai theo gidt tu bien gidi khai trudng den trung tam, khai phuong bao g i m : 16 dpc via thong gio, 16 dpc via thac lln lugt tung cot Trong mdi cpt, khiu than vgn tai vd 16 thugng khdi diem cua Id chg Chieu lln lugt theo tung dai, moi dai, theo hudng cao dung eua phan ting khai thde tu 40 ^ 60m, khiu, d i lai try bao ve (la tru than hoae try nhan thupc vao gdc die via md chieu dai 16 chg tao) cd chieu rdng - 3m Dai khiu cuii cung theo hudng d i e t u 80 - 100m d i lai try than bao ve cua cpt khai thdc Khiu C6ng tac khai thac 16 chg: Vipc khai thac 16 guong dugc thyc hien bang khoan no thong thudng, chieu cao khiu tu 2,0 -^ 2,2m, chong giO chg dugc tiin hanh qua ba bude: Budc 1: lap dat vi chong vdo Id chg, khai thac 16 chg bing vi chong cot thuy lyc don, xd khdp tgo guong Id chg xien cheo theo so - Dieu khiin da vach: da vach dugc hg dan dugc l^p rieng cho tung 16 chg, dan tren edc try bao ve giua cdc dai khau Budc 2: khiu, chong thudng ky 16 chg Sau mpt cpt vd ty sap sau dd tao xong guong khiu dang chan khay xien - Cong tac van tai: Than khau guong 16 chg cheo, tiin hanh khai thac thudng ky 16 chg dugc van tai bang mang trugt, xuing mang cao Cdng vipc dugc tien hanh nhu sau: nghin tin/nam (chiiu dai 16 chg 108m); nang suit lao dpng true tiip 3,8 tin/cdng; chi phi go 19,5 m3/1000 tan than; chi phi met Id chuin bj 10.7 m/1000 t i n than; ty le ton thit than 22% Tu nhOng kinh nghiem dd, doi vdi cac 16 chg khu vyc nghien euu (Id chg 11(46)-1-TK muc +30/-60 va Id chg 11(46)-2-TK muc -60/-150), Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md va Cong ty than Hong Thai da thing nhlt lya chpn dp dyng cae so edng nghe khai thdc tugng ty nhu 16 chg Idp tren, bao gom so cdng ngh?: Giai doan diu Id cong nghe khai thac buong-16 chg, ching giu bing cpt thuy lyc don xd khdp, diiu khiin dd vach bing cac dai tru than Tiep theo, qua trinh khai thac, tren co sg theo ddi tinh trang sap eua da vach, trudng hgp da vach y i u hon, CO kha nang sap d i vd cho phep dieu khiin da vach bang phuong phap pha hda todn phin, chuyin sang dp dyng so cong nghe khai thac cpt dai theo phuong, guong Id chg dang bac chdn khay xien cheo, ching gti> bing cpt thuy lye don xa khdp, KHCNM s o 12/2015*CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o ••*.^jf. i'-""i Hinh Sadd CNKT ii cho chin khay xien chio s * dung vi chdng cdt thuy luc dan kit hop xa kh&p - B tri cac cap khau gu'cng dong tho-i tai cac Chan khay khau theo suot chieu dai 16 chg' mdi chan khay khiu bo tri mot cap (hoac mot nhom cong nhan) Trong moi chan khay khiu dirge khai thac doan phia tren doan phia du-oi de tao chan khay chuyln tiep mdi (doan co chieu dai bang chieu dai cua mgt chan khay chuyln tiep) - Cac cong vi$c moi chu ky khau ch6ng tai cac doan chan khay du'g'c tien hanh theo cac bu'dc: khoan 16 gu'ong; nap, n6 - th6ng gio; tai than, dyng vi chong d§ chong giu' gu'O'ng 16 chg; thao chuyen, x i p mang tru-gt sang luong mdi; chuyen ganh tang cydng hoac chuyln, xep cui Ign, thu hoi vi chong lulng pha hoa khay khiu va cac khay chuyen tiip mdi tir phia chan 16 chg Cong viec khai thac dygc dygc tien hanh tygng ty cho d i n phan dau 16 chg tiln din vi tri gidi han dCrng khai thac cua 16 chg, kit thuc giai doan Bu'dc 3: khai thac kit thiJc gygng 16 chg Tuy theo hien trang cua 16 chg viec khai thac kit thiic gu'gng 16 chg co t h i tien hanh theo hai each sau: - Tilp tuc khau ching Sua gygng 16 chg cot TLO xa khdp ti> dang chan khay xien cheo v i dang gygng khiu thing theo chilu die Sau thyc hien ching chuyen doi hg chilu sang vi ching gS de thu hdi cot thuy lyc dgn xa khdp - Thyc hien viec chuyen d i i ho chilu - Sau mil luong khau gu'gng, vi tri cac chan chong sang vi ching gd d l thu hoi TLB xa khdp khay khiu va cac chan khay chuyln tiep dich sau khai thac du'a 16 chg gd ve dang gu'gng chuyln din len phia dau 16 chg va kit thiic lan khau thang theo chilu die, kit thue cong tac lu-gt cac khay khau, dong thdi tao cac khai thac 16 chg KHCNM s o 12/2015' CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo Cae cdng tac van tai, thdng gio 16 chg thyc hien tygng ty giai doan Vgi cac sg cong nghe khai thac lya chgn nhy trSn theo tinh toan cho eac chf tieu kmh t l ky thuat tygng doi tot cu t h i nhy sau: - D i i vdi sg d l eong nghS khai thic buing 16 chg (tinh eho phan tang 16 chg khai thac dong thgi): C6ng suit 16 chg 210.000 tan/nam; nang suit lao d6ng tryc tiep 3.2 tIn/cdng; chi phi go 19 m3/1000T; ehi phi met 16 chuin bi 32m/1000 t i n ty le ton that than 33%; gia khai thac 323.847 ding/tln - D i i vdi sg dd cong nghe khai thac 16 chg bac Chan khay xien cheo (tinh cho phan tang 16 chg khai thac dong thdi): Cdng suat 16 ehg 320.000 tin/nam; nang suit lao dgng tryc tilp 4,9 tin/eong; chi phi go 18.5 m3/1C00T; chi phi met 16 chuin bi m/1000 t i n ; ty le ton that than 15%; gii khai thac 235.305 dong/tln Giai phap c6ng nghe de xuit da dygc triln khai ap dung thyc t l tin d i u thang 10/2015, sau hai thang ap dgng thO nghiem, 16 chg da khau tao du'gc dai dau tien, tu-gng dygng vdi chilu dai theo phygng khoang 32m va d l lai dai tru than bao ve Trong qua trinh khai thac, tri khiu ding thdi ca phan tang Gu'gng 16 chg dygc chia cac dean khay khau vdi chilu dai 30 - 45m, dd, phan ting +30/-60 c6 chieu dai 130m dygc chia lam doan khay khiu phan tang -60/+30 c6 chilu dai 140m, dygc chia lam doan khay khiu vach bing dai try than bao v? tai via 11(46) dam bao an toan dieu ki$n khai thac via die da vach khd sap Dy kiln khai thac hit mgt cgt (tygng dygng vdi dai khiu) da vach khu vyc 16 chg sap triet d l , se chuyln sang so eong nghe khai thac 16 chg bac chan khay xien cheo dieu khien da vach bang pha hoa toan phin Kit luan Ti> c i c phSn tich tinh toan vA kit qua ap dung tai via 11(46) tren cho thiy so vdi sg d l cdng nghe khai thac buIng -16 chg da ap dyng cho c i c khu vyc e6 da vach bin vyng kho sip tai cac mo ham 16 vung Quang Ninh, sg d l cdng ngh$ khai thic va giai phap dilu khien d i vich d l xuit i p dyng cho dilu kien via 11(48) cd c i c yu diem la giam thdi gian chuyln dien, t i n thit than, chi phi go, nang cao nang suit lao ddng Nhygc dilm cua cdng nghe la chi phi met Id chuin bj eon eao Giai doan tilp theo, vide i p dyng sg cdng nghe khai thac cgt dai theo phygng dilu khiln d i vich bang cac dai try than kit hgp try bio ve nhan tao se nang cao hgn nOa hieu qua khai thac va khic phuc cae kho khan dilu kien da vach bin vi/ng khd sap d l thugc vfa 11(46) Kit qua ap dyng cua cdng nghe la d|nh hydng i p dung cho c i c khu vyc da vich khd sap do, ed dilu kien tugng ty tai cac md him Id vCing Quang Ninh./ Tai li^u tham khao: ThS Trin Tuan Ngan v i nnk (2016), Bio "Nghiin CLFU ii/a chon cdng nghd hop /j? vi lip thiit ki bin ve thi cing khai thic Id chp *30/-1SO via 11(46) khu Tring Khe, Cdng ty than Udng Bl" Vi6n Khoa hpc C6ng nghe Md - Vinacomin "Thiit ki bin ve thi cdng ip dung thCr nghiim cdng nghd khai thic chdng glO Id cho bing cdt TLB + xi kh&p cho dliu kien khu vuc cd di vich sip di dang khdi l&n, gdc ddc tren 35° tai ii chp iil-10-2 muc Trong thdi gian dau ap dung, san lygng khai *30/*115 via 10 khu Tring Khd ill - Cdng ty than thac cua 16 chg chya dat dygc theo cdng suit Hdng Thii" ViSn Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Mo thilt k l la dilu kien dia chit khu vye 16 chg Vinacomin ap dung phyc tap nhu' g6c doc Idn nydc nhieu PGS TS PhCing Manh Bic v i nnk (2002), SSo vach tryc tiep xuIng eye bg va mdt phin cSo tong kit de tSi: "Nghidn ciiu lua chon cdng ngh$ nguyen nhan ehu quan phan xydng chya khai thic vi phuang phip diiu khiin ip luc mdhgp dap yng kip thdi vat lieu phyc vy eong tac khai iy diiu kidn di vich bin vCrng, khd sip dd via thac cho Id chg Tuy nhien qua trinh ap dung 46 md than Hdng Thii - Cdng ty than Udng sr Vian cong nghe khai thac buong 16 chg dilu khiln da Khoa hpc CSng nghS Md - Vinacomin Qua theo doi tai thye t l san xuit cho thay, cac dai tnj than day tien v l n I n c^nh phin da vach phia sau 16 ehg da sap dilu dd chyng to viec d l igi cae dai tru than bao v0 vdi chieu rgng theo tinh toan hoan toan dap yng dygc cac yeu cau ve dilu khiln vach eho id ehg Vdi san lygng than khai thac tLf 242 + 321 tin/ngaydem nang suit lao dgng dat + T/cdng-ca KHCNM S I2/2015*CNKT HAM LO ... nhu via 5, khu Cdnh Ga, md than Vang Danh, via 15, Bac Bang Danh, md than Cao Thing, via 4, khu Khe Chudi, Cdng ty than 91, Ting Cdng ty Ddng Bac De khai thac cdc vi"a than nay, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng... khiu than, giam nang suit vd hieu qua khai thac Tai Viet Nam, qud trinh khai thdc tai cac md than him 16 vung Quang Ninh cung da gap mpt so vfa than co dieu kien da vach khd sap d i nhu via 5, khu. .. dam bao an todn Lva chon cong nghe khai thac hgp ly cho d i i u kien vach kho sap via 11 (46), khu Trang Khe Doi vdi 16 chg via 46 muc +30/lp via khu Trdng Khe, la muc trdn eua khu vuc nghien euu,