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HOATflONG KH CN DAY VA HOC THIJC NGHIEM M 6 N T I E N G VIET THEO LY THUYET KIEN TAO 6 TRITONG CAO DANG SU PHAM NGHE AN • Ng8V3nCanh LDATVANDE Trong xa hpi hien dai, cimg voi su biing no tri thiic kho[.]
HOATflONG KH-CN DAY VA HOC THIJC NGHIEM M N T I E N G VIET THEO LY THUYET KIEN TAO TRITONG CAO DANG SU PHAM NGHE AN • Ng8V3nCanh LDATVANDE II KET QUA THV'C HIEN Trong xa hpi hien dai, cimg voi su biing no Vai tro cua ly thuyet kien tao viec doi moi tri thiic khoa hpc va su phdt triln vupt hac ciia phmmg phap day va hoc chuyen nganh tieng Viet o c6ng i ^ e truyen thong, moi nguoi deu co tnrorng cao dang sir pham dilu kien tilp cdn kho tang tri thiic cOa nhan 1.1 Nhiing quan Mem nin tang cda ly thi^it kien tgo loai tCr nhilu kenh th6ng tin khac Nha Tu tuong vl day hpc ki§n tao gan lien vol tSn tuoi tnrong kh6ng la noi nhat cung cap tri nha tam ly hpc ndi tilng thi gioi Jean Piaget voi quan thiic cho smh viSn Hoat dpng day va hpc cin niSm ring, qud trinh nh$n thiic ciia nguoi hpc vS thyc phai thay d6i Nguoi day cin d6i mdi each day chit Id qua trinh nguoi hpc xay dung nen nhiing kien tir truyinttiutri thiic mot chieu sang day each thiic cho ban than thong qua cac hoat dpng dong hoa va hpc Nguoi hpc cin co nang luc tu hpc, biet so dilu ling cdc kiln thiic, k^ nang da co de thich nghi voi sanh, ddi chilu, phantichtri thiic tir cac ngu6n moi truong hpc tdp mdi khdc dltfeu chinh b6 sung hd thong kien Ddng hoa (Assimilation) la qud hinh nguoi hpc van thiic cua minh dung kiln thiic vd kinh nghiem da cd dl xii ly thong tin, giai quylt tinh hudng hpc tap moi nhim dat muc tiSu Nhdn rS nhiing thay d6i nhanh chong ciia thoi ki mdi va vai tro quan trpng cua gido due, nhdn thiic; la qua trinh chii thetiepcan, chiSm luih khach Nghi quylt Dai hdi Dang toan qu6c lin thii XI thi khing djnh: "Phdt trien gido due Id quoc sdch E)ilu ling (Accmodation) la ngudi hpc van dung hdng dau", "Tap trung nang cao chdt lu^ng nhung kiln thiic va ky nang quen thuoc dl giai quylt gido due dao tao Doi m&i chucmg trinh, noitinh hudng moi nhung thit b^, de cd thS gidi quyet dupe, dung, phuong phap d^ vd hoc, phuong pht^ nguoi hpc phai thay ddi, dieu chinh, tham chi loai bd thi, kiim tra theo huong hien dai, nang cao nhiing kiln thiic va kinh nghiem da cd Khitinhhuong chdt lupng gido due toan dien " Nghi quyet mdi dupe giai quylt thi kiln thiic mdi dupe hinh thdnh s6 29-NQ/TW cua Ban chip^ hanh Trung uong va duoc ciu tnic (bd sung, sip xep ) vao he thong tri thiic Dang moi ddy tiep tiic khSng dinh: " Td^ cua ea nhan trung ddo tao nhdn luc trinh dp cao, boi Qua trinh ddng hda va dilu ling Id eon dudng dl "tri duong nhdn tdi, phdt trien pham chdt vd nang thuc khdch quan khong n^mg dupe sdng tgo lai vd dupe luc tu hpc, tu lam giau tri thuc, sdng tao cua thay thi bdng su Ion manh ciia tri thuc chii quan nguoi hpc " Ddi moi phuong phap day vd hpc tu di^ cua vd so cd nhdn" [5,243] khong chi la nhu cau thuctienma la nhiem vu Ly thuylt kiln tao chu truong day hoc dura tren tinh chinh tri ddi hdi nguoi day, nguoi hpc cd trach ti'ch cue hoat d0ng nhan thiic, dpng co hpc tap nhiem thuc thi va khdt vpng hilu bilt eiia nguoi hpc Theo Donald P Kauchak va Paul D Eggen Learner centered Yiec nghien ciiu, van dung ly thuyet kien instruction, thi ly thuylt kiln tao la "mot quan diim hoc tao vao d6i mdi hoat dpng day, hpc va kiem tap nguoi hpc qua su trdi nghiem cua minh tu tra danh gia cac hpc phan tilng Viet tich lOy nhimg kiSn thuc co y nghia v&i bdn thdn hp hon chucmg trinh cao ding su pham hien la Id tiep thu nhiing kien thicc sdn co Id mot nhdn to quan ihilt thuc, nhim dap ling nhung yeu ciu cd trpng su cht^en dich way; Chimin dich tit d^ hpc tinh thoi sir tren day S6 12/2014 - Tgp chi ,, gi KH-CN Nghe An ^ ^ HOATDONG KH-CN md nguoi day dong vai tro trung tam sang coi nguoi hoc la nhdn td trung torn Hpc tap dua tren ly thuyit kiin tao dot ngum hpc vdovai tro chit dpng, giiip hp xdy dung nhimg kien thuc moi tu nhOng kiin thuc md hp sdn co, vd dp dung kiin thicc cua hp vao nhimg tinh huong thfc ti IQnh nghiem true tiip, su tuong tdc giOa nguoi day vd ngudi hpc, vd su tuong tdc giUa cdc ngudi hpc voi la nhimg yeu to quan trpng cua day hpc theo ly thuyet kien tgo " Ly thuylt kiln tao dupe rao rpng va phat triln theo nhung khuynh huong khac boi cdc nha nghien cuu co uy tin nhu Brooks, Mebrien va Brandt, Mbrmer, Ernst von Glasefeld Nhiing dac dilm sau day dupe cac nhd nghien eiiu xem Id nhui^ tu tudng nIn tang cua ly thuyet kiSn tao: - Tri thiic dupe tao nen mot each tich cue boi chu thi nhan thiic chii khong phai tilp thu mpt edch thu ddng tir ben ngoai - Nhan thiic la mot qud tiinh thich nghi va td chiic lai thi gidi quan cua chinh mdi ngudi Nhan thiic khong phdi Id kham phd mpt the gidi doc lap dang tdn tai ben ngoai y thiic chu thS - IGin thiic va kmh nghiem ma cd nhan thu nhan phdi "tuong xiing" voi nhiing yeu ciu ma tu nhien vd xd hpi dat - Hpc sinh dat dupe tri thiic mdi theo chu trinh: Du bao ~> Kiem nghiem ~> That bai ~> Thich nghi ~> Kiln thuc mdi [5.248] 1.2 Vai tro cua ly thuyit kien too vi^c ddi mdi hoat ^ng day vd hpc Nhung dac dilm cua ly thuyet kien tao dap ling diy du cac yeu cau ddi mdi hoEit ddng day va hpc hien Day va hpc theo ly Ihitylt kiln tao thirc sir coi trpng vai tro chu dpng, tich cue, sang tao cua sinh vien Ddi voi chuySn i^anh tilng \^et, viec tilp nhan nhiing tri thiic khach quan vd ddng hda no tri thiic chii quan de sang tao nen nhiing sdn phim ciia rieng mmh la yeu ciu duong nhien Cdc phuong phap, thii phap day hpc tilng \^et nhu nghien ciiu ly thuylt, thuc hanh ren luyen k^ nang ngon ngu, ren luyen theo mau va cac nguyen tdc: Ren luySn ngdn ngu gan lien vol ren luyen tu duy; Chii y den trinh dp von ed cua ngudi hpc d6u thong nhit, phu hpp voi ngiQ'en ly cua ly thi^et kien tao Ly thuyet kien tao khong tdn tai biet lap vcri cac phuong phdp day hpc khdc Day hpc neu S6 12/2014 v§n dl, day hpc tich cue, day hpc liy ngudi hpc lam tning tdm diu cd nhung dae tfem gin giii voi ly thuyet kiln tao V$n dung ly thuylt kiln tao day va hpc vdi sir phdi hpp linh hoat cdc phuong phdp khac dua trSn npi dung va ddi tupng cu thi se phat huy dupe nhiing uu dilm cua cac phuong phap tren ddy 1.3 Van dung ly thuyet kiin tgo ddi moi hoat ^ng day, hpc cdc hpc ph&n tiing Viet Ly thuylt kiln tao dupe van dung^ ddi moi cac hoat ddng thuylt gidng, van ddp, neu van de, td chiic cdc hoat ddng nhdm, cac xemina vd kilm tra danh gia hong qua trinh day va hpc cdc hoc phin tilng Viet ttong chuong trinh cao ding supham Npi dung gido hinh dupe thilt ke cdc cau hdi, bai tap, dupe td hpp cdc philu hpc tap va chuyin giao din timg smh vien Hoat dpng d^y vd hpc dupe td chiic theo mdt quy hinh dl sii^ vien dii^ du bao, kilm nghiem, thit bai, thich nghi, tiln tdi chilm ITnh tri thiic moi Quy hinh gdm cdc bude sau: - Budc 1: Trudc Idii day va hpc bai mdi, eiing vci vi$c soan giang, giang vien nghien ciiu npi dung, xay dung philu hpc tap (gdm cac cau hdi, bai tap, vin dl lien quan din bai hpc) chuyin giao nhiem vu hoc tap cho sinh vien Philu ehuyin giao nhiem vu hoe tap dupe giang vien giao cho ban edn su lop (Ban CSL), true tilp la lop phd hoc t$p (LPHT), chuyin cho cdc td hoc tap Ban CSL va LPHT cd trach nhi^m tmyin dat ySu cdu cua gido vi§n toi cae td hpc tap, td chiie, quan ly ho^t dpng hpc tap cua cac td Buoc chuyen giao gpi la phdn cdng budc - Budc 2: Td truong sau nhan phieu hpc tap co frach nhiem phd biln yeu edu hpc tap toi cac nhdm trudng, cac nhdm truong giao nhiem vu hpc tap va quy dinh tiioi gian hoan tiidnh nhiem vu hpc tap cho timg smh vien Ban CSL va LPHT theo doi, qudn ly edc td cho k l hoach, nhiem vu hpc tap chuydn giao den cac nhdm va timg sinh vien Idp diing thoi han, khdng cd tinh hang nhom phd bien trudc, nhdm phd bien sau Day Id chuyen giao buoc Mec chuyen giao nhiem vu hpc tap quy dinh hai budc dl ban CSL, LPHT vd edc td trudng dl v$n d\ii^ linh hoat nhung dieu kien thoi gian, tf a tf em khac Khi co tf l u kien tap trung ca lop, ban CSL vd LPHT nhap cd hm budc va true tilp phan cdr^ din cac td, nhdm vd timg sinh vien Khi khong ed dilu ki^n tap trung ca lop, ban CSL, LPHT hpi y va chuyen giao nhiem vu qua cae td, cdc td chuyen giao den cac nhdm va smh vien tiieo hai buoc tren day - Budc 3: Smh vien doe giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, hoan cac npi dung, nhiem vu hoc tap theo mau hd so ca nhan (da dupe giang vien quy dinh) Ban CSL, t6 trudng, nhdm hrudrng qudn ly, ddn ddc sinh vien hoan Tgp chi [161 KH-CN Ngh# An ' HOAT P Q N G KH-CN diing thoi han va yeu can Viec hoan thimh nhiem vu hpc tap va ho so ca nhan la tf eu kien tien quyet de td chiic hoat ddi^ thdo luan nhdm Ket qua hpc tap ciia timg sinh vi6n la ket qua budc mot (KQl) - Buoc 4: Day la budc td chiic cae hoat ddng hpc tap theo nhdm Tuy tf eu kien thoi gian va dia tf em de td ehiie theo q i ^ trinh sau: + Sau cd KQl, cae nhdm td ehiie thdo luan nhdm, tung sinh vien trinh bdy ket qua cua minh, edc sinh vien khac nhan xet, bo sung de di din k8t luan chung cua nhdm ve timg cau hdi, bai tap, van de Day Id ket qua budc hai (KQ2) KQ2 la co sd de timg smh vi6n ddng hda va tf eu ling KQl + Sau cd KQ2, cdc td td ehiic trao ddi, thao luan Dai tf en cdc nhdm trinh bay ket qua ciia nhdm minh, cac nhom khac (dai tf en nhdm hoac timg sinh vien) nhan xet, bd sung de thdng nhat ket qua chung ciia td Ket qua chung cua td la ket qua buoc (KQ3) KQ3 la co so de timg smh vien va cdc nhdm dong hda va tf lu ling KQ2, KQl + Khi da cd KQ3, ban CSL, LPHT td chiic trao ddi, thao luan a cap lien to Td 1, trao ddi vdi nhau, td 3,4 trao ddi voi thong nhat ket qua chung Ket qua lidn td Id kSt qud (KQ4) KQ4 la can cur ddng hda, tf eu ung cdc kit qud 1,2,3 KQ4 dupic ea lop trao ddi de thdng nhat ket qud eudi cimg (KQ5) va dupe chuyen giao cho giang vi6n truoc len lop Cdc budc thdo luan nhdm tf eu kien cu thS de tdch hay nhap lai Vi du da c6 KQl, CO the nhap buoc thdo luan nhdm vd to vdi Trong cimg mdt dia diem, thoi gian diu cdc nhdm thdo luan rieng de cd KQ2, thoi gian sau, cac nhom thao luan vcd de cd KQ3 ciia td Khi da ed KQ3 cd th^ bd qua budc lien td ma ban CSL, LPHT td chiic trao ddi, thao luan dl cd KQ5 Trong tf eu kien thoi gian va dia tf em cho phep, duoi sir tf eu khien, td chiic ciia ban CSL vd LPHT, thoi gian diu cac nhdm, td thdng nhit KQ2, KQ3, thoi gian tilp theo ede td va ca Idp thdng nhit KQ4,KQ5 - Budc 5: Ket qua hpc tap ciia edc to va cua ca lop dupe LPHT chuyen ve cho giang vien Trong dd cd nhflng npi dung da hoan thdnh tdt, cd nhiing npi dung sai lech hodc chua dupe giai SO 12/2014 - quylt, cd ca nhiing thic mac hoac de xuat lien quan den timg van de khdc Giang vien ddi chieu cdc ket qua dd vdi cac phuong an da dupe du dinh soan bdi va lira chpn, tf l u chinh kl hoach day hoc 16n lop Nhiing ket qua sai lech, nhiing thic mac de xuat eiia sinh vien la nhihig trpng tf em, nhiing tinh huong ed van de doi hdi giang vien tap trung tim nguyen nhan va hudng dan sinh vien khic phuc, tf eu chinh nhiing sai lam ciia minh Theo quy trinh tren day, nhiem vu hoc tdp da dupe sinh vien hoan thdnh trudc len lop Gio day eiia gidng vien tap trung gidi quyet nhiing npi dung sinh vien chua hoan thdnh Cac npi dung, edc budc len lop vdn dupe tuan thu nhung vdi mot thoi lupng tdi thieu, uu tien thoi gian cho nhihig npi dung cd van de Gio len lop gidng vien ed th§ td chiie hoat ddng thdo luan nhdm de sinh vien hoan edc nhiem vu hpc tdp da dupe chuyen giao, giang vien ket luan cdc npi dung theo bdi soan gidng Hoat dong day, hoc thirc nghiem cac hpc phan tieng ViH theo ly thuylt kiln tsio 6" Tnrcmg Cao dang sir phsim Nghe An Thang 8, nam 2011, Sd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Nghe An phe duyet, cho phep nhdm nghien ciiu Trudng Cao ding su pham Nghe An thuc hien giai doan I de tdi "Nghien cuu van dung ly thuyit kien tgo vao mpt so chuyen nganh tieng Met chuong trinh cao ddng supham " Ket thiic giai doan I, voi nhihig mo hinh, he thdng cau hdi, bai tap, va quy trinh day, hpc da cd, nhdm de tiu trien khai thuc nghiem day, hpc va kiem tra danh gia tren doi tupng sinh vien khoa Xa hdi nam thii hai vd ba Trudc va sau day hpc thue nghiem, nhdm de tai tien hanh khao sdt ngudi day va nguci hpc theo mdu phieu tf eu tra da dupe phe di^et Ket qud khdo sdt cho thiy edc boat dpng day, hpc va kiem tra, danh gid nhu sau: 2.1 Hoat dong de^f Ket qua khao sat trudc day thuc nghiem cho thiy edc phuong phdp day hpc tich cue da dupe giai^ vien van dung tuong ddi phd biea Thoi tf em khdo sdt sau hoan giai doan I cua de tai, nhieu tilt day cua ede gidng vien chuyen nganh tieng Viet da day hpc theo ly thi^et kien tao B6 la nhiing thuan Ipi co ban eho v i ^ tri&i khai hoat dpng day hpc thuc nghiem a giai doan n Mac du vay, nhimg phirong phap day hpc truyin thing cd nhilu han che van dang tdn tai phd bien Vi du: Hinh thiic doc chep dupe sii dung thuong xi^en vdn chilm ty le 13%; dupe sii dung d miic tuong ddi phd bien 18,5%; thinh thoang dpc chep cdn 45% Hmh thiic doe thoai d miic dp thinh thodng sii dung van edn 19% Cdc boat dpng dac thu eiia ly thuyet kien tao nhu sir dung philu hoc tdp, su dung sa do, bdng biSu minh hoa, xay dung cac tinh huong Tgp chi KH-CN Nghe An [17] H O A T P Q N G KH-CN hpc tap cd vin dl rit it dupe sii dung Theo kit qua khdo sat sau thuc iigMem, day hpc theo ly thuylt kiln tao han che toi da cae hinh thiic dpc chep, doc tiioai, tiiuylt tiinh Trudc day, nhiing h h ^ thiic day hpc dupe xem Id duong nhien Khi vdn dung ly thuyet kiln tao ddi mdi each day, smh vien cd su so sdnh, ddnh gia chit lupng, hieu qua cua timg phuong phdp Cd 27,5-95% danh gia nhflng edch day dpc chep, dpc thoai, thuyet trinh hi^u qua t h ^ Trong dd cae hinh thiie day hpc theo ly thuylt kiln tao dupe ddnh gid: - Sir dung cdc bai tap dan dit, gpi md vin dl: 75/200 smh vien (37,5%) ddnh gia tdt; 120/200 sinh vien (60%) ddnh gid rit tdt - Td chiie thdo luan nhdm hpc tap: 120/200 sinh vien (60%) danh gia rit tdt - Phdn tich, nhan xet, giai ddp cac y kiln cCa ngudi hpc: 189/200 sinh vien (94,5%) danh gid tdt va rat tdt - Dimg philu hpc tap chuyen giao npi dung, cdu hdi, bai tap va tdi lieu tham khdo de ngudi hpc chu ddng hoc tap, nghien ciiu: 180/200 sinh vien (90%) danh gid tdt vd rat tot Tuy chi moi thi nghiem buoc dau, nhung edch day theo ly thuylt kiln tao dupe thira nhan cd hieu c^ud vupt trdi so voi cac hoat ddng day hpc truyen thdng Chilm vi tri trung tam gid hpc khong phai la bai soan giang cua thiy ma la hoat dpng hpc tdp chii ddng cua sinh vien Gidng vi6n chi ddng vai tro din dit, tf eu khiSn 2.1 Hoat ^ng hpc Kit qud khdo sat trudc thuc nghiem cho thay cac boat ddng hpc tap tich cue chii ddng khdng xa la ddi vdi sinh vien nhung each hpc th\i dpng, ddi phd van la xu huong phd bien Vi du: Hoe nhiing phin lien quan den thi, kiem tra, liie can thiet sCt dung tai lidu de 1dm bai la tinh trang bien va tuong doi phd bien cua 45% sinh vien Nghe giang, ghi chep, ve nha dpc them giao trinh, cudi ki on tap va lam bdi thi ed 57% sinh vi6n hpc theo each a miic phd bien Ciing nghe giang, ghi chep nhung v l nha khdng dpc them gido trinh ma de den cudi ky mdi dn tdp ed tdi 78% dp dung a mite phd biln Ket qua khdo sat sau day thue nghiem cho thiy each hpc thu ddng van coa Ngay ed each hpc chi tap trung vdo nhiing hoc phin cd thi, kiem tra cudi ky, bd qua nhung hpc phin khdng thi cudi ki, lam bdi vin su dung tai S6 12/2014 lieu ho trof voi muc tf eh nhim dat tf em cao van cd 86/200 sinh vi§n danh gid rit tdt (43%) Ngi^en nhan nhieu hpc phin, nhilu tilt d^y chua van dung ly thuylt kiln tao (dgy hpc kiln tao chi tiiuc nghi?m 30 tilt) Khdu ddnh gia chu ylu dua vao tf I m sd, chua chii y danh gid qua trinh nen each hpc ddi phd van edn Mac du vdy, hoat d^ng hoc theo ly ihuyk kiln tao vin dupe ddi^ dao smh vien thira nhdn tinh hieu qua ciia no Vi du: - Trao ddi, thao luan vdi ban hpc cung nhdm de hoan thien kiln tiiiic, ky ndng nghi nghiep: 74/200 smh vien (37%) danh gid rit tdt; 82/200 smh vien (41%) danh gia tdt - Dpc, nghiSn ciiu gido tiinh, tdi liSu tham khao truoc nghe giang v l npi dung do: 179/200 sinh vien (89,55%) danh gia rit t6t ^ - Nhiing vin dl cd nhieu quan tf dm, each gidi quyet khdc thi lua chpn quan tf Im, each giai quylt ^ hpp nhit vd chi nhiing bit cap ciia cdc quan tf Sm khac: 146/200 sinh v i ^ (73%) (idnh gia rit tdt^ - Ldm edc cau hdi, bai tap hen quan den npi dung hpc tap: 198/200 sinh vien (99%) danh gia rit tdt - Thuylt trinh, bdo cao npi dung hpc tdp trudc td, nhom hpc tap: 197/ 200 smh vien (98,5%) danh gia rit t6t Nhin chung, xu thi chu ddng hpc tap cai^ chilm uu thi Xu thi hpe tdp tiiu dpng dang timg buoc dupe loai trCr Tinh hieu qua eiia vi$c hpc t£^ theo ly tiiuyet kiln tao dupe thira nhdn Vdi ly thuyet kien tao, mpt sinh vien COtfIm thip cd the hpc dupe nhilu tf eu cho chinh mmh hon nhihig shih vien dupe tf em cao nhd phat hien dupe sai lim vd edch khic phuc sai lam Diem so chua phai la thuoc eudi eui^ Thuoc day hpc kien tao la kha nang ddng hda va tf eu ling tri thiic eiia moi sinh vi6n Hoat ddng day va hpc phai (^ng bd vdi ho^t dpi^ Idem tra, danh gid mdi phat hien diing nang lire thuc su ciia sinh vien 2.3 Hoqt dpng kiim tra, ddnh gid Hinh thiic danh gia phd bien hien la danh gid b^ng tf em sd, t ^ trung vao thi cudi Id Cdc hinh tiiiic danh ^ qud tiinh, ddnh gid ndng luc, thdi dp hpc tap, miic dd tien bd eua ngudi hpe ca qua trinh day hpc it dupe ap dung Sau day thuc nghiem, cac lunh thiic ki&n tra danh gid nhu thi eudi ki va ddnh gia bing tf 6m sd ^ ^ dupe danh gid cao vi Men tai chua cd nhilu hhih thiic danh gia khac hd trp Tren thuc t l mdi chi cd mot sd hpc phSn v§n dung ly thi^et kidn tao ddi mdi each day va each hpc The nhung edc hinh thiie ddnh gia theo ly thuylt kiln tao van cd vi tri xiing ddng: - Kiem tra ngan, vdn ^tp gio hpc; 186^00 smh vien (93%) ddnh gia rit tdt Tgpchr Mg] KH-CN Nghd An HOAT flpNG KH-CN - Bai tap ciing ed kiln thiie, ren luyen ki ndng: 176,^00 smhvien (88%) ddnh gia rittdt - Philu hpe t|p: 200/200 smh vien (100%) danh gia tdt vd rat tdt - Thdo luan nhdm, x§niina: 189/200 smh vien (94,5%) ddnh gid tot vd rat tdt - Danh gia miic dp tien bp, kha nang dieu chinh, khic phuc sai lam: 188/200 sinh vien (94%) ddnh gia tdt vd rit tdt Xu thi ki&n tra danh gid nang lire hpc tdp theo ly thuy6t kien tao rdt dupfc sinh vi6n iing hp Thay eho viec gidng vien cd toan quyen danh gia ngudi hpc qua diem so thi sinh vien duoc danh gia bing nhieu hinh thiic ed qua trinh Sinh vien ed the tu ddnh gia vd danh gid sinh vien khae; ed the trao ddi tranh luan vdi edc thdnh vien khdc vd vdi gidng vien; qua dd phdt hien ro sai lam eiia minh va biet each dieu chinh, khic phuc de vuot len ilLKETLU^ K6t qud day, hpc va kiem tra ddnh gid theo ly thuyet kien tao eho thay neu tuan thii diing quy tiinh, coi trpng tmh dpc lap, sang tao cua ngudi hpc vd hoat ddng tuong tdc lan giiia cac vien nhdm, nguoi hpc se ed khd nang ddng hda vd tf eu ling kien thiie mpt each cd hieu qud He thdng cau hdi, bai tap la cdng cu khdng the thueu day va hpe theo lytiiuyetkien tao Chudn kiln thiie cua chuong trinh va muc tieu day, hpc dupe thiet ke npi dung philu hpc t^ip- Mpt npi dung cd nhieu bai todn eho phep hoat ddng day va hpc tf en theo nhieu phuong an khac KSt qua kiem tra, danh gia khdng dimg lai a diem sd ma trd can cii dieu chinh hoat ddng day vd hpc Nhung sai lam dupe bdc Id bai kilm tra se Id can cii de ngudi day dieu chinh npi dung day va hpc Nhiing sai lam dd ciing Id nhiing trpng tf em dinh hudng muc tieu tf eu lir^ kien thiic ddi vdi mdi sinh vien Day hpe kien tao loai trir ede hinh thiic dpc chep, dpc thoai mpt chieu Npi dungtietday khdng tap trung vdo trinh bay bai soan giang cua thay ma tap trung vdo cdc boat dpng trao ddi, thao luan, giai quyet van de giiia edc sinh vien, cac nhdm, td va giang vien Day vd hpe theo ly thuyet kien tao ciing cd nhiing han che nhat dinh nhu ddi hdi ngudi day va nguoi hoe phdi CO nhieu thdi gian chuan hi; boat dpng thao luan nhdm can cd diatfem, thoi gian thich hop; giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao phai diy du, dap ling dupe nhu cau tu hpc, tu nghien eiiu Lich trinh day hpc kien tao phai thdng nhit voi chuong trinh, thdi khda bieu chung Nhiing han ch£ tren cd the khic phuc dl dang neu giang vien cd lich trinh, ke hoach khoa hpe, ed su quan ly, dieu hanh thdng nhit tu giang vien den ban can sir lop, cac td trudng va sinh vien; cdc dieu kien co sd vdt chdt, gido trinh, tai lieu tham khdo dupe nha trudng chii y diu tu Ket qud day hpc thuc nghiem cho thiy day hpc theo ly thuyet kidn tao thuc sir ed hi§u qud, cd tinh kha thi, thiet thuc ddi mdi boat dpng day va hpc, dap img nhu cdu tu hpe, tu nghiSn ciiu eiia sinh vien ^^ee van dung ly thuyet kien tao vdo day va hpc chuyen nganh tieng Met ndiriengciing nhu cac chuyen nganh khoa hpc khdc se tao nen mdt mdi trudng hpc tdp nang ddng, sang tao, giiip cho smh vien trdi nghiem qua trinh ddng hod,tfeu ling dl lam giau v6n tri thiic va kinh nghiem thuc tien ciia minh./ Tai lieu tham khao LS A, Nguyin Quang Ninh, BiiiMinhTo^ (1997), Phuong phdp day hQC tiing Vi4t, Nxb Giao dye Ngo van C5nh ( 2007), Vgn dung ly thuyet kien tgo vao qud trinh day h^c, kiem tra ddnh gid hgc phdn Ngfi phdp tieng Vi^t, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham HS Npi Ngo van C^nh, Do^ Thj Kim Nhung, Ph^im Tr^ng Tan (2007), Ren luyen liy nang dimg doan, tgo lap vd phdn tich cd tiing yi4t cho h