Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
TAP CHf KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 7(155) 2011 TRIET HQC CHINH TRI HQC ALBERT EINSTEIN GIAO DUG TU'''' DUY DOC LAP TU'''' TU''''ONG VA Y NGHIA TRAN LANG TOM TAT Einstein khdng nhwng la nhi khoa hgc mi cdn la nha triet[.]
TAP CHf KHOA HOC XA HOI SO 7(155)-2011 TRIET HQC - CHINH TRI HQC ALBERT EINSTEIN GIAO DUG TU' DUY DOC LAP - TU' TU'ONG VA Y NGHIA T R A N LANG TOM TAT Einstein khdng nhwng la nhi khoa hgc mi cdn la nha triet hgc khoa hgc, nhi giao di,jc nhan ban Nhwng quan diim vi kiin giai cua dng ve sw mang nha trwang, tw dgc l$p, "tl/ ngi tim", khoa hgc phuc vij cgng dong cd y nghTa lan ALBERT EINSTEIN - CUOC OOl VA SU" NGHIEP Albert Einstein (1879-1955), ngudi DCPC glc Do Thai Ong da dyge cae nhd khoa hpc the gidi bau ehpn Idm bieu tygng cua t h i ky XX: "Nhdn vat cua t h i ky" thi ky cua khoa hpc vd cdng nghe (Tap chi Time 31/12/1999) TCP "Nam ky dieu" (1905), dng da cd nhu-ng bdi bdo khoa hpc gay chin dpng the gidi Mpt nhu-ng bdi bdo dd la "Thuylt tygng doi" cua Einstein vdi cdng thCpc noi tieng E = mc^ nen tang cua sy phdt trien nang lugng nguyen tu- Id mpt nh&ng eg sd khoa hpc cua cae ly thuylt hipn dpi v l vu try Cdng trinh nghien CCPU cua dng da tpo bude ngoat cd tdc dyng thue day tit ca cac ly thuylt vat ly hipn dai cung phat triln theo hudng hgp nhit giua t h i gidi vi md vd t h i gidi vT md Cung vdi Thuyit twang doi hgp la Thuyit Trin Ldng Thpc sT Trudng Dai hpc Phu Y6n twang doi ma rdng dd dua Albert Einstein len dinh cao danh vpng vdi sy nli tilng tpdn t h i gidi Nam 1921, dng 6wgc trao giai thudng Nobel ve vat ly hpc Khi DCPC QuIc xd len cim quyen, dng di cu sang My (nam 1933); tCp dd, dng giang day vd nghien CCPU khoa-hpc tpi Dai hpc Princeton Ong noi danh Id nhd vat ly ly thuylt nhung vdi nhu-ng tai lipu da duge edng bo chinh dng vilt hoac nhCi-ng tdc gia khac vilt ve dng, thdng qua nhu-ng thu tCp trao doi giu-a dng vd nhieu ngydi khdc chung ta thiy rang Einstein khdng nhu-ng Id nhd khoa hpc kipt xuit, md cdn la nhd trilt hpc khca hpc, nhd gidp dye nhdn ban Nhu-ng quan dilm vd kiln giai cua dng v l SLP mpng nhd trydng, tu dpc lap, "ty npi tdm" khoa hpc phyc vy cpng ding rit hipn dpi, vygt khdi mpi sy dp dat, thpt dang suy ngdm; ed tdc dyng gido dye Idn doi vdi mdi cd nhdn, mdi mpt ddn tpc xu thi hdi nhpp toan cau Nam 1952, Chaim Weizmann, ting thong dau tien cua Israel qua ddi, ngydi Do Thdi da de cu- Einstein Idm Tong thong, nhung dng nhit quylt chii tCp Ngdy 18/4/1955, Einstein lang le vd than di trpng giic ngu; nhyng nhu-ng thdnh tyu khoa hpc va nhdn van tCp SCPC sang tpo phi thygng cua dng mai mai song hdnh vd phdt huy gia trj cung nhan lopi TRAN LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DLJC TU" DUY OOC LAP TU" T L T O N G G I A O D U C TU" DUY DOC LAP CUA ALBERT EINSTEIN Nhit qudn tu vd hdnh ddng, tCp nhu-ng nam thang tre tuli, Albert Einstein dd ed suy nghT khde v l mdt nIn gidp due thye chit Chung ta tCpng bilt, euli thi ky XIX diu t h i ky XX, nude DCPC Id ngudi khong lo v l giao due va khoa hpc d chau Au, "la khudn mdu che dpi hoc thi gidi" "la met miln dit hCpa, nai ren luypn cho tai nang, mpt XCP sd cho nhu-ng y tudng mdi, khdng ngCpng phdt triln khoa hpc, tpdn hpc vd cdng nghiep " (Nguyen Xudn Xanh, 2007, tr 25) The nhung, Einstein da bd nd di luc 15 tuoi, va vdi nam sau dng dd rdi bd quIe tjeh DCPC Tai nhu vdy? Ong cho ring, nen gido due d nude DCPC luc dd la met nIn gido due trai linh, giao due gia trudng, "tai bdc tieu hpc, cde thiy giao dli vdi tdi nhu cac dng thygng sT, edn tai bac trung hpc thi gidp su Id cde thilu uy" (Nguyin Thi Tai, 2007, tr 120) Rdi bd nyde DCPC, dng din hpc tai trydng Aarau (Thuy ST) vd tilp nhdn d dd mpt nen gido dye lam dng hdi Idng, nhy din cuoi ddi (1955), dng da vilt: "cdeh gido dye nhim de cd dygc ty hdnh dpng vd y thCpc ty chju trach nhiem, vygt trdi hgn bilt bap nlu so vdi cdi each gide dye ehl bilt nhit dya vdo ky luat nhd binh, uy quyIn ben ngoai cpng vdi tham vpng cd nhan" (Albreeht Foelsing, 2005, tr 109) Chinh nhan bilt rat sdm gia trj cua giao dye tu dpc lap, vd thye hien nd dli vdi chinh ban than minh, cupe ddi Einstein Id bilu hien cao dp ve tu dpc lap, d l cao "ty ndi tam"; dng thydng ndi "tri tydng tygng quan trpng hgn kiln thCpc", "dieu quan trpng Id khdng ngCpng dat cdu hdi" Theo Nguyin Xudn Xanh ngudi cd nhilu cdng trinh nghien CLPU v l Einstein, "Einstein ban tinh Id mdt ngudi "noi loan", khdng chju khep minh vdo nhu-ng trat ty eo djnh Ong sinh Id 6e Idm ngydi ty va chip nhdn mpi sy tra gia d l dygc sing vd ty ty de Einstein khdng phai Id san phim cua cac Id ddc tap elite (hpc trd xuit sic), trydng chuyen, cua ehl dp ddo tao bing nhoi nhet, hay cua bd mdy hdn lam kieu hdnh, lai edng khdng phai Id thin dong Ong dCpng ngodi tit ca nhCpng thCp dd, Id san phim cua ty hpc vd dc td md vd han tryde thien nhien Ong da d l ty cua minh bay bong vdi ddi ednh mpng tydng trpng biu trdi ty vd han cua tao hda" (Nguyen Xudn Xanh, 2007, tr 26) Gido due dli vdi Einstein Id CCPU ednh vd ve dep cua t h i gidi, nhyng ve dep i y nlu khdng dygc eham sde hope eham see khdng dung phygng cdeh se lam nd md di, nhy dng viet: "Giao due cung gilng nhu mpt bCpc tygng cim thach dCpng sa mac vd lien tyc bj de dpa ehdn vui bdi cat chay Ludn ludn cin cd nhCpng bdn tay chdm sde de bCpc tygng cim thach i y tilp tyc tda sang anh mat trdi" (Albert Einstein, 2010, tr 2) Phe phdn xu hydng coi trpng sy phan hda sdm theo kilu "trydng chuyen, Idp ehpn", dng cho ring dd Id sai lam Idn vd mpt hpi cua nhd trudng Bdi le, sy phin diu dat dyge chu ylu vd myc tieu can ban cua nhd trydng la giao dye ngydi phat trien todn dien vd hdi hda Tra ldi phdng van td New York Times vdo mua Thu nam 1952, Einstein da ndi: "Dpy cho ngudi mdt chuyen ngdnh thi chya du Bdi bing edeh dd, cd the trd thdnh mpt edi may kha dyng nhyng khdng the trd TRAN LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DUC TU" DUY OOC LAP ngydi thiy gidi nhim ddnh thCpc y thCpc hpc tap cua hpc sinh Thi nhung, hodn canh hien tai, dd Id mpt dilu khd khdn Ong ndi: "Bye giang thi nhilu nhung thay gidi vd cao quy thi hilm Giang dudng thi nhieu vd rdng, nhung sd ngudi tre tuoi thdnh that khao khdt ehdn ly vd le edng bing thi it Tao hda hdo phdng vung vd s l san vat, nhung ehl hy huu mdi san sinh vdi hat gilng tit" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 43) Bing kinh nghiem ban than d nhu-ng trudng hpc DCPC md dng da trai qua nhu-ng Khdng dong tinh vdi quan dilm xem gido nam thdng i u tha, Einstein quan nipm due ehl Id sy chuyin giao tri thCpc ngudi thiy phai nhu mdt nhac trudng bilt trygng hpc, Einstein nhin manh nhd Idm cho dm rung len tdm hon trydng khdng ehl Id nai dpy tri thCpc md phai hpc sinh Id nhu-ng giai dieu dpp de, dam la nai phdt trien nhdn cdeh cho gidi tre: "Ddi say: "Biet day hoc ed nghTa Id day mpt cdeh ngydi ta chi nhan thiy hpc dudng qua thu vj Id giang bdi, ke ca mpt bdi trCpu khia canh chuyen giao mdt khoi lygng toi tugng, sap cho nhu-ng day dan cdng hudng da tri thLPC ndo dd cho the hp hipn hu-u tdm hon cua hpc sinh cung rung len Dieu khdng dung Tri thCpc cd tinh xg vd dc td md vin mai sinh dpng" (Nguyin eCpng vd bit dpng; hpc dydng, dd, Xuan Xanh, www.vietsciences.org) phuc vy cho ngydi song Thi nen, hpc Khdng dong tinh vdi quan dilm day hpc dydng phai phdt triln cho tCpng ea nhdn ngydi tre nhu'ng dCpc tinh vd kha ndng cd nhdi nhet, khd cCpng 1dm cho hpc sinh ludn ludn thy dpng, Einstein cho ring "Nghp gia tri doi vdi igi ich cua sy thjnh vugng chung" (Albert Einstein, 2010, tr 2) Ong thudt quan trpng nhat cua ngudi thiy Id cho rang, ddi song xd hpi, dao dCpc ddnh thCpc niem vui lao dpng va nhpn thCpc" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 52) ngydi can dygc the hipn hdnh Quan niem day hpc cua dng rit gin vdi dpng; vd dd gido dye Id mdi trudng tot Socrate vd Khong Tu-; ngudi thay giCi- vai nhit de dat dygc Vi rang, chi cd dao dCpc trd djnh hydng, de hpc sinh tim tdi, kham hdnh dpng cua chung ta mdi dem Ipi pha tri thLPC met each tit nhit Gilng nhy ve dep vd nhan phim tdi cupe sing D l quan dilm giao dye hipn tpi chung ta lam dieu thdnh mpt SCPC manh sing thydng d l cap, day hpc "liy hpc sinh lam dpng vd dya nd thdnh y thCpc rd rdng ed le trung tdm", dng ndi: "Tdi khdng bao gid Id nhiem vy hdng dau cua gido due dpy hpc sinh; tdi ehl e l gang tao dieu kipn Ben cpnh quan diem ve myc tieu vd^vai trd de Chung cd t h i hpc" (Nguyin Xudn Xanh, cua nha trydng, Einstein chu trpng den vj tri wvw.vietsciences.org) ngydi thiy sy truyen ba vd khgi ggi nilm dam me va sang tpo hpc tpp cua Ty tygng giao dijc tw dgc l$p cua Einstein gin lien vdi vipc xac djnh ly tudng hpc sinh D l giao dye phat triln, rit can thdnh mdt ngydi vdi diy du phim gid Dilu quan trpng Id phai duge day d l cd mdt cam thCpc sing ddng v l edi gi Id ddng de phin d i u cudc ddi Anh ta phai duge day d l cd mdt y thCpc sing ddng ve cai gi la dep vd edi gi Id thien Nlu khdng, vdi kien thCpc duge chuyen mdn hda cua minh, ehl gilng nhu mdt ccn chd 6wgc huin luypn tit han Id mdt ccn ngudi duge phdt triln hdi hda" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 47-48) TRAN LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DUC TU" DUY OOC LAP d mdi mdt eon ngydi, theo dng ly tudng cd vai trd quylt djnh dli vdi mdi cd nhan Ong ndi: "Mdi ngudi cd mdt ly tudng nhit djnh, nd quy djnh phugng hudng phin diu vd sy phdn xet cua minh"; ly tydng cao ca nhit, nhu dng ndi "Ly tudng soi sang dudng tdi di vd ludn ludn cho tdi sy can dam d l doi mpt vdi cudc sing mdt cdeh vui ve Id ehdn ly, ldng nhdn di vd edi dep" (Albert Einstein, 1949, tr 6) Ly tydng cua mdt ngudi ludn gin liln vdi gia tri, Einstein khang djnh: "Gid trj cua met ngydi tryde hit xac djnh bdi: da dat din chd giai phdng cdi Tdi den mCpc dp nap vd thep nghTa gi" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 22) Vugt len cai tdi ed nhdn, gid tri cua mdt eon ngudi dwgc danh gid can CLP vao thai dp cua trcng viec phuc vy Igi ich chung, cua todn xa hdi Ong ndi: "Gid trj cua mpt eon ngudi edng dong phy thupc tryde hit vdo viec nhCi-ng tinh cam, suy nghT vd hdnh ddng cua hudng tdi vipc phuc vu cho nhu-ng dilu tot dpp cua edng dong nhy t h i ndo Tuy theo thai dp cua moi quan he ma chung ta ddnh gid thudc loai tot hay xiu" (Albert Einstein, 1949, tr 9) Dilm quan trpng nhit ty tydng cua Einstein v l gido due dd Id hinh thdnh vd phat trien tw doc lap d mdi mpt ngydi Mpt mat, dng coi trpng sy phat trien hai hda, phyc vy epng dong d moi san pham gido due nhy Id mpt tit ylu; nhyng mpt khdc, dng Ipi de cao phim chit sang tao d mdi ed nhan "Bdi le mdt epng dong vdi cde thdnh vien bj tieu chuin hda vd thilu ving ddc tinh vd myc dich cd nhan se la mdt cpng dong ngheo ndn, khdng cd kha nang phdt triln Trdi lai, CLPU ednh cua gido due phai Id sy huin luypn hanh dpng vd suy nghT ddc lap cho cd nhdn, ngydi nhan thCpc rd rang vin d l ddi sing quan trpng nhit cua phye vu cdng dong" (Albert Einstein, 2010, tr 2) Einstein cho ring, t i t ea nhu-ng gid tri dygc ton tai vd truyin luu qua nhilu t h i he "duge tao dyng bdi nhu-ng ed t h i sdng tao dan le", vdy, sy ty dec lap vd sdng tac la vd cung cin thilt: "Chi cd nhu-ng ed t h i dan le mdi cd t h i ty vd qua dd tac nhu-ng gia tri mdi cho xa hdi, vang, tham chi de nhu-ng quy pham dpo dCpc mdi de ddi sing cpng dong hydng theo Neu khdng cd nhu-ng ed t h i sdng tao, suy nghT vd phdn xet ddc lap, thi sy phdt triln len cao cua xa hdi la khd tudng tugng" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 24) Nin giao due mong mudn theo Einstein la phai bilt phat huy kha nang tw dgc lap, sang tao Bdi vi, sy phdt trien kha nang tdng qudt nhim ty vd phan doan ty lap nen ludn ludn dwgc dat len hang dau chCp khdng phai sy tich luy cua kien thCpc chuyen mdn Einstein trao ddi: "Khi khao nghipm ban than va phygng phap ty cua minh, tdi da di din kit luan, doi vdi tdi, mdn qua ky dieu cua tri tydng tygng ed nhilu y nghTa hgn kha nang tilp thu tri thCpc" (Scott Thorpe, 2008, tr 72) Ban chit cua nen giao due cd gia trj theo Einstein Id "loi tu phe phan dpc lap phai duge phat triln d nhCi-ng ngydi tre tuoi mOt sy phat triln dang bj de dpa trim trpng bdi sy nhli nhet (he thong diem so) Giao due nhoi nhet tit yeu ddn tdi sy ndng can vd vd vdn hda" D l cao gido dye ty dpc lap, dng chu trygng phat huy "ty ndi tdm" (inward freedom) cua ngudi hpc "Dl phdt trien khoa hpc vd hoat ddng sang tpo cua tinh thin ndi chung cin phai cd mpt thCp ty TRANLANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN-GlAO DUC TU" DUY OOC LAP khdc, cd the gpi Id ty ndi tdm Dd la cdi ty cua tinh thin t h i hien qua sy ddc lap cua tu tryde nhu-ng han ehl cua thdnh kien xd hdi ddc dodn, cung nhu cua nhu-ng suy nghT thdng tyc hda thilu tinh trilt ly vd cua nhu-ng thdi quen ndi chung Ty ndi tdm ndy Id mdt mdn qud hilm cd cua thien nhien ban cho vd Id mdt myc tieu cd gid tri cua cd nhdn" (http://www.spaceandmotion com/Philosophy-Edueation.htm) D l ngydi cd tri thCre tren ea sd tu ddc lap vd sang tao, phwang phip hgc tip Id vin d l quan trpng Dydi gdc dp phuang phdp, Einstein cho ring: "Dli vdi cen ngudi, kiln thCpc khdng quan trpng lim D l cd kiln thLPC ngudi khdng can den dpi hpc Cdi dd ngydi ta cd t h i hpc tCp'sdeh Gid trj cua giao due dpi hpc khdng nim d chd hpc thupc long thpt nhieu kiln thCpc md d chd tpp luyen ty duy, edi md ngydi ta khdng bao gid hpc duge tCp sdeh giao khoa" (Filipp Frank, 1947 tr 185) Dwgc sinh vd Idn len ldng xa hdi tu ban nhung Id mdt ngudi ed tu tudng dpc lap vd nhan ban, Einstein da nhdn thiy rit rd nhO-ng khuylt tpt cua chu nghTa tu ban khdng nhu-ng ve mpt kinh te, xa hpi ma cdn d giao due Theo dng nen gido dye tu ban da lam que quat cd nhan Trong bdi vilt "T$i chu nghTa xa hgi?'' (Why socialism?) dang tren Monthly Review (New York) thdng 5/1949, dng vilt: "Tdi cho rang sy lam que quat ed nhdn Id dieu xiu xa t l i nhat cua chu nghTa ty ban Ca hp thong giao dye cua chung ta chju dau vi khuylt tpt Mdt thdi dp canh tranh qua dang dygc khac sdu vao sinh vien, dwgc huin luypn d l tdn thd sy thdnh edng ham Igi nhy mpt sy chuin bi cho sy nghipp tygng lai" Dk khac phyc khilm khuylt ndy, theo dng cin ed mdt phuang cdeh mdi, dng ndi: "Tdi tin ring ehl ed mdt cdeh nhit cd thi loai bd duge nhu-ng khuylt tat nghiem trpng ndy la thdng qua vipc thilt lap nIn kinh t l xa hdi ehu nghTa, cung vdi mdt hp thing gido dye hudng tdi nhu-ng myc dich xd hdi Viec gido due ngudi ngodi viec phdt trien nhu-ng kha nang vin cd cua ed nhan, se phat trien trcng mdt y thCpc trdeh nhiem dli vdi ding bdo cua minh thay che tinh trang tdn duang quyIn lye vd sy thdnh dat xa hdi hipn tai" (Albert Einstein, 1949) Theo dng, dli vdi gido due "Dilu quan trpng Id phai biln ydc vpng tha au thdnh y tudng dyge chap nhdn vd hydng din tre em tiln tdi nhu-ng ITnh vye quan trpng cua xa hpi" (Scott Thorpe, 2008, tr 73) TCP nIn tang gido dye hien dpi vd nhu-ng thdnh qua cua nd, Einstein cho rang "Chi dp giao dye phai khuyin khich sy phdt triln nhu-ng kha nang bim sinh cua ngudi vd day cho ngudi tinh thin trdeh nhipm vdi ding loai, thay vi tdn vinh quyIn lye vd thdnh cdng nhy ta dang thiy xa hpi ngdy nay" (Nguyen The Tai, 2007, tr 134) Ty tydng giao due cua Albert Einstein cd nhu-ng diem tugng dong dli ehilu vdi try cpt cua gido due UNESCO cdng b l , dygc xem nhy cuang ITnh cua nIn gido dye hien dpi: thCp nhit hpc d l thdnh ngudi md pham chit duge d l cao nhit Id ngydi cd ty phe phdn, ed de dpc Ipp vd sang tpo, thLP hai hpc d l biet, thCp ba hpc de lam, thCp ty hpc 6e chung song vdi ngudi khac Ca try cpt deu tap trung vdo SLP mpng giao dye dli vdi ngydi hpc Tuy nhien, "khdng nen hilu vipc neu cao yeu ciu phai ddo tao nhu-ng eon ngudi cd tu phe TRAN LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DUC TU" DUY DOC LAP phdn, cd dc dec lap sdng tao Id nhu-ng ddi hdi cua chu nghTa cd nhdn md phai thiy ring dd Id nhu-ng phim chit can thilt d l Idm cho xd hdi edng nghipp hien dpi phdt triln" (Le Vdn Giang, 2008, tr 47) Bdn ve gid tri cua gido dye tu dec lap, Le Van Giang cho rang "sy truyin thu cde gid tri v l tinh thin vd phygng phap cua ede trilt ly gido dye Au My hien dpi neu len thdnh cde gid tri Id ty ddc lap, de phe phdn vd sdng tao md viec truyin thy cho ngydi hpc trd thdnh SCP mang cao ca vd quylt djnh nhit cde trilt ly dd Sy dong nhit giu-a hai loai gid tri dd Id dung din nlu nhy rang dc phe phdn vd ty dec lap, sdng tao Id d l tim chan ly vd phai phyc tung ly tri vd thye tiln; cdn nlu thodt ly muc dich vd dieu kipn ndi tren de de cao ty dpc Ipp, dc phe phan vd sdng tpo thdnh mpt gid trj ty ban than cua nd thi se sai lim vi d i dang bien thdnh mpt thCp chu nghTa vd chinh phu v l ty tydng, i y nd khdng cd vd khdng can bit CLP mdt chuin myc hay nguyen tic ndo ea, san phim gido due chic chin khdng met xa hdi nao mong dgi" (Le Van Giang, 2008, tr 47-48) t NGHTA TU" TU'ONG GlAO DUC TU" DUY DOC LAP CUA ALBERT EINSTEIN Tu tygng giao dijc tw dgc lap cua Einstein va ban than ong trd khudn mdu cho nhu-ng ngydi tri thCpc cd lygng tri va can dam din than vi sy phdt triln cua nhan lopi Diu i n va sy lan tda cua dng cupe song hipn tai da ehCpng minh dilu dd Tu tygng gido due cua dng dygc xdy dyng tren each "tilp can todn dien", ehu tryang met nen gido dye mang tinh hdi hda Doi vdi dng, nIn giao dye dat dygc hipu qua Id vCpa phdt huy cd tinh, tao nen sy dpc ddo cua moi ea nhan nhyng vCpa hydng eon ngudi din sy lyang thien, cao ca vdi ve dep cua sy da dang vd muc dich t l i thygng Id phye vy cdng ding, phyc vu nhdn loai • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Einstein, Albert 1949 The Worid as I See It Philosophical Library New York Einstein, Albert 1949 Why socialism? Monthly Review New York May www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm Einstein, Albert 2008 Thi giai nhw tdi thiy (Dinh Bd Anh, Nguyen Vu Hdo, Trin Tien Cao Dang djch) Tai ban lin thu- hai, c6 su-a chu-a Ha Ndi: Nxb Tri thCpc Einstein, Albert 2010 Ban vi muc dich giio due (Pham Thj Ly djch) Trudng Dpi hpc Hea Sen Thdng tin Gido dye Quoc t l vd so sdnh S l 3/2010 Foelsing, Albreeht 2005 Albert Einstein Nha bic hgc vTdai cua nhin loai (Nguy Hu-u Tdm djch) Ha Ndi: Nxb Thanh nien Frank, Filipp 1947 Einstein: His life and times Published Simultaneously in Canada by The Ryerson Press 7.http://www.spaceandmotion.com/PhiIosoph y-Education.htm Albert Einstein on Knov\^edg and Philosophy of Education (Albert Einstein v l Kiln thu-c vd trilt ly gido dye) Ld Van Gipng 2008 Sw mang cua giio di^c Tia sdng S l 9 Nguyen Thi Tdi (2007), Albert Einstein, nhi bic hgc dam me vi chin that Bruxelles 10 Nguyin Xudn Xanh 2007 Einstein (Tdi ban lin 2) TPHCM: Nxb Ting hgp THCM 11 Nguyen Xuan Xanh Danh ngdn giio dijic cua A Einstein, www.vietsciences.org 12 Thorpe, Scett 2008 Tw nhw Einstein (How to think like Einstein) Hd Npi: Nxb Lao dOng-Xa hdi ... LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DLJC TU" DUY OOC LAP TU" T L T O N G G I A O D U C TU" DUY DOC LAP CUA ALBERT EINSTEIN Nhit qudn tu vd hdnh ddng, tCp nhu-ng nam thang tre tuli, Albert Einstein. .. KHAO Einstein, Albert 1949 The Worid as I See It Philosophical Library New York Einstein, Albert 1949 Why socialism? Monthly Review New York May www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm Einstein, Albert. .. luypn tit han Id mdt ccn ngudi duge phdt triln hdi hda" (Albert Einstein, 2008, tr 47-48) TRAN LANG - ALBERT EINSTEIN - GlAO DUC TU" DUY OOC LAP d mdi mdt eon ngydi, theo dng ly tudng cd vai