NGHIEN CLTU TRAO OOI QUO T A O m u i va GIRI DUVET V I E C M M c m w a r n N I E N TS NGUYEN VAN TRUNG * 1 Dirge dao tao nghe va eo vice lain la nhu cau bur thiet cua thanh nien Hoi nghi Trung uong 7[.]
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO OOI QUO T A O m u i va GIRI DUVET V I E C M M c m w a r n N I E N TS NGUYEN VAN TRUNG * Dirge dao tao nghe va eo vice lain la nhu cau b u r thiet cua t h a n h nien H o i nghi Trung uong khoa X da Nghi quyet so' 25 vd tang cudng su lanh dao cua Dang do'i vol cong tac nien thdi k i day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa N g h i quye't da danh gia cao vai tro, v i t r i cua nien va chi ro "Dang, Nha nude va toan xa hoi cham lo tao dieu kien thuan l g i de nien ren luyen, cdng hien va trudng thanh, dugc hgc tap, cd viec lam, nang cao thu nhap, cd ddi sdng van hda, tinh than lanh manh." Nghi quye't da neu len muc tieu cu the td de'n nam 2010, mot muc tieu cu the dd la: "cd chinh sach mang tinh dot pha dao tao ngudn nhan luc tre chat lugng cao dap dng qua trinh day manh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nude gan vdi giai quye't viec lam, tang thu nhap, hudng thu van hda, vui choi giai t r i cua n i e n " Dao tao nghd, giai quye't viec lam, tao thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong la m d i quan tam cua Dang, Nha nude ta, ddng thdi, cung la nhu cau, nguyen vong va ddi hdi bde thie't cua nam nu nien de'n tudi lao dong Thuc t i i n cho tha'y, khdng cd nghe nghiep, khdng dugc dao tao nghd nghidm tuc hoac cd chuydn mdn khong gidi, tay nghe khong thao t h i vide tim va thu xdp vide lam cho ngudi lao dong gap rat nhieu khd khan V i vay, cd nghe va dugc dao tao nghe la mot nhttng yd'u td dau tidn, la didu kien can thid't khong the thie'u de nien t i m dugc vide lam phu hgp nham tao thu nhap cho minh va ddng gdp cho xa hoi Trong didu kidn hien nay, da't nude m d rong quan he hgp tac 34 va hgi nhap vdi the g i d i , t h i lao dong nude ta khdng chi bd hep d quan he thi trudng nude ma m d ca thi trudng qudc te N g u d i lao dong khdng chi lam vide tai cac don v i kinh te' nude, cac khu che xua't, cac cong trinh lidn doanh vdi nude ngoai, ma cdn nude ngoai lao dong, lam vide thong qua dudng hop tac va xua't khau lao dpng Nude ta cd the manh la ngudn nhan luc ddi dao, song tren thuc td' lao dong nude ta chu ye'u la lao dong phd thong, trinh tay nghe thap, sd dong chua qua dao tao nghe mot each bai ban, nghidm tuc va co he thdng Thdm vao dd, tinh than, thai lao dong, phong each lam vide va k i luat lao dong cdn yd'u, nang sua't lao dong thap, ddng luong va thu nhap khong du dam bao cuoc sdng N g u d i lao dong thuc su gap nhieu khd khan canh tranh trdn thi trudng lao dong nude va qudc te Dang ta xac dinh sdc lao dong la hang hda va chu truong phat trien t h i trudng sue lao dong nham tao them vide lam, nang cao thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong Trong ndn kinh td' thi trudng, su trao doi gitta ngudi lao dong va ngudi su dung lao dong d cac phan kinh te dugc tid'n hanh thdng qua thi trudng Nha nude thuc hidn quan ly thi trudng sdc lao dong nham dam bao quyen cua ngudi lao dong va quydn lpi chinh dang cua ngudi su dung lao dpng theo phap luat Nha nude khuyd'n khich va cd chinh sach uu dai cac doanh nghidp, cac phan kinh te tao nhidu vide lam, thu hut nhieu lao dpng, dac bidt, lao dpng d nong thon, vung sau, vung xa vao lam * Hpc vien Hanh chfnh TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 158 (3-2009) NGHIEN CUD - TRAO DOI viec tai cac doanh nghiep, co sd san xuat De tham gia mot each binh dang tren thi trudng lao dong, de dugc tuyen dung va bd tri viec lam phu hgp ddi hdi nam nff nien phai cd nghe, dugc dao tao nghe vdi chat lugng cao Nha nude dong vien, khuyen khich va phat huy tinh tich cue, chu dong, sang tao cua ngudi lao dong, trudc het la nam, nd nien hoc nghe, tu tim, tao viec lam cho minh va gdp phan tao them viec lam cho xa hoi Dao tao nghe la mot noi dung quan trong chien luge xay dung va phat trien ngudn nhan luc cua nude ta, yeu t d cd y nghTa quyet dinh viec sd dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn luc khac nhu vdn, tai nguyen thien nhien, cua dat nude Thanh nien nude ta la mot luc lugng dong dao dan cu, ngudn nhan luc ddi dao cua dat nude N g h i quyet H p i nghi Trung uong da khaTig dinh: "Thanh nien la luc lugng xa hpi to ldn, mpt nhung nhan td quan trpng quyet dinh tuong lai, van menh dan tpc, la luc lupng chii yeu tren nhieu ITnh vuc, dam nhiem nhdng cong viec ddi hdi h i sinh, gian khd, sdc khde va sang tao" V i vay, quan tam giao due, dao tao nghe cho nien, giiip nien nang cao trinh dp van hda, nghe nghiep chuyen mon, kT nang lao dpng de chu dpng lap nghiep va tao viec lam la trach nhiem chung cua Nha nude, chinh quyen cac cap, cac nganh chdc nang va toan the xa hpi; dd, cd su tham gia tich cue va chu dpng cua Doan TNCS H d Chi Minh, H p i Lien hiep nien Viet Nam va cac doan the, td chdc xa hpi khac Mat khac,, nien can tich cue va chu dpng hpc tap, ren luyen de nang cao trinh dp n g h i nghiep, chuyen mon, kha nang lao dpng de t u tao viec lam va thu nhap la trach nhiem cong dan cua mdi nam, nd nien den tudi lao dpng ddi vdi ban than va ddi vdi xa hpi Thirc t r a n g nghe nghiep vii vice linn ciia nien nude ta hien nav Trong nhdng nam qua, thuc hien chu TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NUOC - SO 158 (3-2009) truong cua Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude, cong tac dao tao nghe va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng ndi chung, cho nien ndi rieng dupe xa hpi, cac cap, cac nganh quan tam va da thu dupe nhung tuu nha't dinh Ngoai nhung npi dung, chuong trinh, ke hoach dao tao n g h i cua cac nha trudng, cac co sd va trung tam day nghe chinh quy thupc nha nude, nhieu doanh nghiep, co sd san xua't, khu cong nghiep, khu che xua't, cac trung tam day n g h i va gidi thieu viec lam cua cac doan the Cong doan, Doan Thanh nien H p i Phu nd va cac td chdc xa hpi khac da trien khai nhieu chuong trinh, du an va cac hinh thdc dao tao, bdi dudng n g h i nghiep, tao viec lam cho nien Nhdng nd lire dd da thu hut su quan tam cua xa hpi, tao dupe chuyen bien nang cao tay nghe, tao them n h i i u viec lam cho nam, nff nien, ddng thdi, gdp phan dang ke vao qua trinh phat trien ngudn nhan luc Nhin lai hon 20 nam ddi mdi va tdng budc hpi nhap vdi the gidi, di doi vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, ngudn nhan lire nude ta da cd su phat trien nhanh ca v l sd lupng va chat lupng Theo sd lieu thdng ke, tinh de'n h i t nam 2008, ca nude cd khoang 45 trieu lao dpng tdng sd hon 86 trieu dan, ddng thd khu vuc va thd 13 tren the gidi v l quy mo dan sd Ngudn nhan luc nude ta cd uu the ndi troi la tre, cd ti le v l co ca'u dp tudi cua dan sd va lao dpng kha l y tudng: tren 50% so dan dp tudi td 15 d i n 60 - dp tudi lao dpng va 45% tdng so lao dpng cd dp tudi dudi 54 tudi V l chat lupng lao dpng, qua khao sat thuc t i c h o tha'y, d nude ta t i le sd ngudi ldn tudi b i i t chff va tre em dp tudi d i n trudng kha cao, luc lupng lao dpng dupe dao tao, cd trinh dp chuyen mon k l thuat d nude ta da tang t d 7,6% nam 1986 len hon 30% nam 2008 Ngudi lao dpng nude ta cd nhung pham chat vupt troi so vdi lao dpng cua n h i i u nude khu vuc va t h i gidi, dd la ddc tinh can cii, chiu khd, thong minh sang tao, nhanh nhay, kha nang nam 35 NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI bat nhanh cac kT thuat m o i , co kT nang lao dong va su dung cac cong nghe hien dai Day la mot tidm nang ldn, nhung chua dugc phat huy va khai thac triet de Hien nay, lao dgng nude ta dang phai trai qua n h i i u khd khan, thach thiic hoi nhap va canh tranh gay gat tren thi trudng lao dong the gidi chi dat khoang 30%, k h i dd, t i le cua cac nude khu vuc la 50% T i le lao dong dugc dao tao cd bang cap hang nam d i u tang khoang tren 7%, song v i n cdn thap va chua tuang xdng vdi nhu cau lao dong can dugc dao tao cho phat trien kinh t i d i i u kien hoi nhap Nang sua't lao dong thap, ddng gdp cua nhan t d vao tang trudng kinh te chua cao, udc tinh khoang 20% vao tang trudng GDP, k h i dd, Thai Lan la 35%, Phi-lip-pin: % , In-do-ne-xi-a: 43% Thuc te, ngudn nhan luc nude ta v i n cdn nhieu bat cap va han che, chat lugng n i n giao due cua nude ta van cdn thap so vdi the gidi Theo bao cao cua Ngan hang The gidi ( W B ) nam 2006, Viet Nam chi cd 2% dan sd dugc hgc tu 13 nam trd len, tut hau kha xa so vdi cac nude khu vuc Viet Nam dugc x i p hang chdt khu vuc vdi ti le 10% sd ngudi tudi 20 d i n 24 hgc dai hgc, k h i dd, t i le cua Trung Qudc la 15%, cua Thai Lan la % , cua Han Qudc la % Bao cao d i i u tra khao sat cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao, nam 2006, ca nude cd 63% sinh vien trudng khdng t i m dugc viec lam, 37% sd cdn lai t i m dugc viec lam, nhung khong dung chuyen mdn, n g h i nghiep dugc dao tao, hau h i t phai dao tao lai N h i i u doanh nghiep, n h i i u chuong trinh, du an rat t h i i u lao dpng chuyen nghiep Nguyen nhan chu y i u la khong cd n g h i , chua dugc dao tao n g h i , chat lugng lao dong thap khdng dap ung nhu cau Theo thdng ke cua nganh lao dpng, hien nay, cd khoang 70% lao dpng nude ta chua qua dao tao, tham chi cd tdi 80% nien dp tudi td 20-24 tudi k h i tham gia thi trudng lao dpng chua dupe dao tao nghe Trinh n g h i nghiep chuyen mdn, kT thuat cdn rat thap, dd phan ldn sd nam nd nien tham gia hoat dpng kinh t i chua qua dao tao chuyen mon, kT thuat c h i i m tdi 72%, sd cong nhan kT thuat khong cd bang, chiim tren 19%, cd chung chi ngan han , % , chdng chi dai han 1,3%, trinh dp trung hpc chuyen nghiep , % , cao dang, dai hpc 2,7% D i i u dd cho thay chat lugng ngudn nhan luc nude ta qua y i u va t h i i u ddng bp, cd cau bat hop ly Tuy t i le lao dong dugc dao tao cua nude ta hang nam deu tang len, nhung Khao sat luc lugng lao dong dang lam viec tren cac cong trudng xay dung d Ha Noi va n h i i u dia phuang khac cho t h i y hau h i t hp chua dugc hpc n g h i K h i dugc hoi v l n g h i nghiep, m p i ngudi d i u cho b i i t , ho khong cd n g h i , viec d i lam cd tinh chat thdi vu nen khong c i n hpc n g h i va niu mudn hpc cung khong cd trudng, ldp, khong cd thay day Phan dong cong nhan, lao dpng d cac khu che x u i t , cac x i nghiip lien doanh, sau k h i tuyen dung m d i dupe hudng d i n n g h i nghiep Trinh dp tay nghe, kha nang chuyen mon, kT nang lao dpng non y i u , nang s u i t lao dpng thap, k i luat lao dpng kem la hien tugng kha phd bien N h i i u cong nhan, lao dong sau k h i tdt nghiep trudng, d i vao cong tac thuc te gap n h i i u khd khan, lung tung, ban than hp deu cd chung nhan xet la nhung k i l n thdc hgc dugc nha trudng xa vdi thuc t i cuoc sdng, v i vay, ho thudng gap kho khan, lung tiing thuc thi cong viec 36 TAP CHI QUAN kY NHA NUOC - SO 158 (3-2009) Ngay nay, k h i d i t nude da di vao hpi nhap vdi the gidi, viec qudc t i hda cac loai thi trudng, dd, cd thi trudng lao dpng dang dat nhirng ddi hdi va yeu cau gay gat v i dao tao va phat trien ngudn nhan lire chat lupng cao, n i u khong se bi thua thidt canh tranh va nhirng l g i the ndi troi cua lao dpng nude ta se khong dugc phat huy Theo thdng ke cua Bo Lao dpng Thuang binh va X a h p i , sd ngudi dupe giai q u y i t viec lam nam 2008 tang them 2% so vdi nam 2007 Song, so' dong lao dong vin d trinh dp thap, so lao dpng cd trinh dp cao r i t it, n h i t la d cac dia phuang NGHIEN C u l l - TRAO DOI Thdi gian hoc d nha trirdng chii yeu la ly thuyet, it cd dieu kien thuc hanh co sd vat chat, may mdc, thie't bi, phdng thi nghiem tai cac nha trudng va co sd dao tao vira thie'u thdn, vira lac hau, lai khong ddng bo Trinh dp chuyen mon, tay nghd, phong each lao dpng va thdi quen lam viec tap the theo nhdm, theo td kem, manh lam, thie'u tinh than hpp tac, thie'u trao doi, ban bac tap the, cdn cd nhung bieu hien cua tu tudng ghen t i , dd k i lan Nhung ye'u kem neu tren da lam cho hieu qua lao dpng thap, kha nang canh tranh tren thi trudng lao dpng nude va qudc te bi han che, thu nhap ciia ngudi lao dpng khong cao Mpt nhdng van de xa hpi bde xiic la nhflng nam, n f l nien nong thon khong cd viec lam da keo phd tim viec lam mpt dong Do khong cd nghe nghiep nen phd tim viec lam, de cd thu nhap, nhieu ngudi da san sang lam m p i viec tfl lao dpng thu cong don gian de'n nhflng cong viec nang nhpc ma hp chua lam bao gid Nhieu ngudi da di vao dudng tieu cue nhu trpm cap, mai dam, lira dao, cudp giat, tra'n lot, cd bac, lam cho tinh hinh trat tu tri an d phd, thi xa trd nen phdc tap, bat dn Nhan thflc sau sac thurc trang tinh hinh lao dpng, viec lam va nghe nghiep cua nien cung nhu phat trien lau dai cua da't nude ta xu the hpi nhap, Dang va Nha nude da cd nhieu chii truong, chinh sach ve giao due, dao tao va phat trie'n ngudn nhan luc; dd, dao tao nghe, giai quye't viec lam cho nien la mpt npi dung het sflc quan trpng dupe xa hpi quan tam Nghi quyet so 25, H p i nghi Trung uong khda X da de nhiem vu va cac giai phap cu the: Nang cao chat lupng lao dpng tre, giai quye't viec lam, tang thu nhap va cai thien ddi sdng cho nien M o i so kien nghi Nghi quye't Dai hpi X cua Dang da de muc tieu giai doan tfl nam 2005-2010 phan da'u dao tao nghie cho 7,5 de'n trieu lao dpng; dd, cd 27 de'n 30% dupe dao tao dai han So dupe dao tao nghe dai han TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 158 (3-2009) tang mdi nam 15% T i le lao dpng da qua dao tao dat tren 40% tdng sd lao dpng xa hpi Ke hoach ciia Bp Lao dpng, Thuong binh va Xa hpi, cung cac co quan chirc nang phan da'u phat trien he thdng day nghe de de'n nam 2010 tren 50% tdng sd lao dpng dupe dao tao nghe De dat dupe nhflng muc tieu de Dai hpi X ciia Dang va cac yeu cdu, nhiem vu neu Nghi quye't so 25 H p i nghi Trung uang khda X , Dang ta chii truang da dang hda cac hinh thflc day nghe, phat trien nhanh hinh thflc dao tao nghe dai han theo hudng hien dai Tang nhanh ti le lao dpng dupe dao tao nghd, tao vide lam cho tren tridu lao dpng, giam ti Id so ngudi that nghidp d thi khoang dudi 5% vao nam 2010 Tao dieu kidn cho lao dpng nong thon cd vide lam va ngoai khu vuc nong nghiep, nong thon, nang cao ti Id thdi gian su dung lao dong d nong thon ldn khoang 85% ' De thuc hidn cong va cd hidu qua nhflng dinh hudng trdn day, ddi hdi sir nd lire ciia toan xa hpi dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang va su quan ly ciia Nha nude, trdn ca sd sir tham gia chii dpng, tich cue ciia cac cap, cac nganh, cac dia phuang, doanh nghiep, cac td chflc xa hpi va ban than ngudi lao dpng v i muc tieu: nghe nghidp, vide lam, thu nhap, ddi sdng cua ngudi lao dpng tang len va phat trie'n xa hpi Trudc het, cdn giao due lam thay ddi nhan thflc cua xa hpi ndi chung va cua ngudi lao dpng ndi ridng; dd, cd nien vd vide lam, nghe nghidp va thu nhap, phan da'u nang cao tay nghe, trinh dp chuydn mon, nghidp vu va thai dp lao dpng, lam vide nghidm tiic, nang cao chat lupng va hidu qua lao dpng dd tao thu nhap chinh dang mang lai l p i ich cho ban than va xa hpi Xa hpi can quan tam giiip dd va tad dieu kidn thuan lai vd vide lam, moi trudng lao dpng va thu nhap dd ngudi lao dpng yen tam lam vide, mang lai nang sua't, chat lupng, hidu qua va thu nhap thda dang {Xem tiep trung 71) 37 THONG TIN 50 nam Ngay lap Hoc vien Hanh chi'nh; Bao cao cong tac xet tuyen vien chtfc dpt II nam 2008 va Cong doan Hpc vien phat dpng phong trao thi dua phan dau hoan xua't sac ke hoach cong tac nam 2009 cua Hpc vien Hanh chi'nh chao mung cac le ldn cua dat nifdc, cua Cong doan Vien chute Viet Nam, 50 nam lap Hpc vien Tai Hpi nghi, PGS.TS Nguyen Trpng Dieu da trao quye't djnh tuyen dung cho 42 vien chifc dupe tuyen dung vao cac vj trf cong tac cua Hpc vien Hanh chinh 10 Hoat dong ki niem Ngay Qudc te Phu nu 8-3 - Ngay 07-3-2009, sinh vien Hpc vien Hanh chinh da td chUc thi cam hoa va thi mua, hat vdi chu de "Ngay Qud'c te Phu ntf 8-3" Nhan dip V*> «» ' nay, cac em mud'n danh tang cho cac me, cac cd giao nhCrng tinh cam tri an dep de va thieng lieng nha't the hien qua ldi ca, tieng hat va nhufng tac pham cua minh nhu: "Vang trang tinh Me", "Ban tay Me", "Chuyen dd tham lang", "Phu nuf Viet Nam xUa va nay", - Ngay 08-3-2009, Cdng doan Hpc vien da phdi hpp cung Ban Vi sU tie'n bp cua phu nuf, Ban Nu cdng Hpc vien td chufc cho toan the can bp, vien chut, giang vien Hpc vien di tham quan, hanh huong ve chua Cdn Son - Kiep Bac thudc tinh Hai Duong Day la hoat dpng dupe td chufc hang nam nhan Ngay Qud'c te Phu nCr 83 nham hudng ve cpi ngudn va de cac can bp, vien chufc, giang vien Hpc vien Hanh chi'nh cd dip giao luu, trao ddi, giiip dd cong viec va cudc sd'ngQ fcj> v"> »j> DAO TAO NGHE VA GIAI QUYET VIEC LAM (Tiep theo trang 37) Thir hai, thuc hien xa hpi hda cdng tac day nghd, tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng, trudc het cho nien, tren co sd huy ddng mpi phan kinh te, cac cap, cac nganh, cac doan the, td chuc xa hdi tham gia tich cue va chu dpng vao viec thuc thi cac chuong trinh, ke hoach ciia Nha nude day nghe, giai quyet viec lam va tao thu nhap cho ngudi lao dpng Thii ba, dau tu co sd vat chat - k l thuat hien dai va ddng bp cho cdng tac day nghe, thuc hien da dang hda hinh thuc dao tao thu hut ddng dao nam, nu nien, trudc het la nien ndng thdn, viing sau, viing xa vao hpc tap, dao tao Tie'n hanh ddng bp viec cai tien chuong trinh, giao trinh theo hudng hien dai, dap ung yeu cau phat trien ngudn nhan luc chat lupng cao phu hpp vdi ddi hdi cua tie'n trinh phat trie'n da't nude, thuc hien cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda nude nha va hpi nhap Thit tu, tang cudng hpp tac qudc te, thu hut dau tu ciia nude ngoai cho su nghiep dao tao Thuc hien lien doanh, lien ke't, hpp TAP CHI QUAN LY NHA NU6C - SO 158 (3-2009) ddng dao tao vdi cac doanh nghiep, nha may, x i nghiep, khu kinh t e d nude va lien doanh vdi nude ngoai tuyen dung nien vao lam viec va dao tao nghe cho hp Phat trien xuat khau lao ddng, chii dpng va tich cue tham gia vao thi trudng lao dpng qudc te Thir ndm, cdng tac day nghe, di ddi vdi viec nang cao chat lupng chuyen mdn, nghd nghiep, can het sire chii trpng bdi duong, giao due tinh than thai dp lao ddng, y thiic td chiic k i luat, phong each lao ddng, phuong phap lam viec theo nhdm, theo tap the, kha nang td chiic quan ly cdng viec, tinh than doan ke't tuong trp giiip dd lan nhau, nghiem tiic thuc hien quy trinh, quy pham kT thuat, dam bao an toan lao dpng, bao ve tai san, may mdc, thie't b i , thuc hien tiet kiem, chd'ng tham d lang phi, giu gin trat tu, tri an va an toan noi san xua't, noi d, giu gin trat tu ve sinh mdi trudng, phdng, chdng chay nd noi d, noi san xuat, 1, 2, Xem bao Tien phong, 16-8-2008 Theo Bao Sai Gon giai phong, 06-9-2007 71 ... cua ngudi lao dong, trudc het la nam, nd nien hoc nghe, tu tim, tao viec lam cho minh va gdp phan tao them viec lam cho xa hoi Dao tao nghe la mot noi dung quan trong chien luge xay dung va phat... thien nhien, cua dat nude Thanh nien nude ta la mot luc lugng dong dao dan cu, ngudn nhan luc ddi dao cua dat nude N g h i quyet H p i nghi Trung uong da khaTig dinh: "Thanh nien la luc lugng xa... cua Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude, cong tac dao tao nghe va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng ndi chung, cho nien ndi rieng dupe xa hpi, cac cap, cac nganh quan tam va da thu dupe nhung