Nghien CUTU •Khoa hoc Gido due T I M H I E U T l / T l f f l N G G I A O D U C HO C H I M I N H C A U T R U C V A QUY L U A T • GS TSKH THAI DUY TUYEN TS PHAN MINH TIEN Trong ddi hoat dpng cua minh Ch[.]
Nghien CUTU •Khoa hoc Gido due T I M H I E U T l / T l f f l N G GIAO D U C HO C H I M I N H C A U TRUC V A QUY LUAT • GS.TSKH THAI DUY TUYEN - TS PHAN MINH TIEN T qudc, pha hoai hanh phuc cua ngddi dan Cd the chia nhdng van de giao due ma Chu Minh da nhieu Ian de cap tdi cac van de giao tich Hd Chi Minh da de cap lam 12 loai nhd sau: due qua thutd, bai bao, cac bai phat bieu Nhan Vi tri, vai trd ciia giao due dan Viet Nam xem day la nhdng di san quy gia va Van de dau tien can ndi den la quan diem hien chung dddc Idu gid nhieu tai lieu khac cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve vi tri va vai tro cua nhau, nhung "Ho Chi Minh toan tap" la day giao due ddi vdi viec hinh va phat then du, co he thong va dp tin cay cao nhat nhan each, ddi vdi sd nghiep xay ddng va bao ve Tuy nhien, cac tai lieu tren, nhdng tu vdi dat nddc Dieu phai cd nhan thdc dung tudng giao due cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh thddng mdi hanh dpng dung, vi de lam each mang dan xen vdi cac van de chinh tri - xa hpi khac va cong va xay ddng dat nddc thang Idi phai quan dddc sap xep theo trinh td thdi gian, dung nhd nd tarn tdi nhieu mat, nhieu ITnh vdc: kinh te, chinh da dien thdc te Be cd the gidi thieu td tri, van hoa, xa hpi Can phai xac dinh ro giao tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh nhd mot chuyen due nam d vi tri nao he thdng cau true xa nganh khoa hpc cd he thdng, can cd sd gia cong hpi va cd vai tro gi viec xay ddng va phat cua nhieu nha khoa hpc, va can tiep can chung then xa hpi? Dac biet mdi quan he gida kinh te theo quan diem he thdng cau true I Cau true td tddng giao due Ho Chi va giao due la van de da gay tranh cai mot thdi gian dai Minh Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da 13 Ian phat bieu ve Td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh la mot he thdng cac quan diem, chu trddng khac cd van de vi tri va vai tro cCia giao due nhdng tac dung chi dao viec nghien cdu If luan va cai nam 1942, 1945 (2 Ian), 1947, 1955, 1956 (3 Ian), 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1969, tao thdc tien giao due dat nddc Tinh chat cua nen giao due Nhdng td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh rat Mot van de quan khac la nhdng quan ddn gian, de hieu, gan vdi cupc song ddi thddng nhdng lai rat sue tich, phong phu, nhat quan, cd diem cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve tinh chat cua mot y nghTa sau xa va bao gdm nhieu van de nen giao due Giao due Viet Nam phuc vu ai? Phuc vu rpng Idn Nd khong chi bd hep giao due nha trddng, ma hddng tdi giao due toan dan, lam quan chung nhan dan hay chi mot nhdm ngddi cho toan xa hpi deu tham gia cong tac giao due nao dd? Giao due chap nhan the gidi quan nao? va mpi vien xa hpi deu dddc giao due va Giao due giai quyet mdi quan he gida dan td giao due, ren luyen minh de cd the "d ddi" va "lam ngddi", trd nhdng cong dan tot, can tpc va qudc te, gida truyen thdng va hien dai nhd the nao? bp tot, chien sT tot Nhdng quan diem rat quan vi nd Theo cac tai lieu hien cd, cupc ddi hoat dpng each mang cua minh, Chu tich Hd Chi chi dao viec td chdc he thdng giao due qudc dan Minh da hdn 140 Ian ndi va viet ve cac van de va viec xac dinh muc dich, npi dung, phddng phap giao due va day hpc giao duo Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve Vi giao due cd anh hddng trdc tiep den ngddi, nhan to quyet dinh mpi thang Idi cua each nhCrng van de vao nhdng nam 1921, 1941 (2 mang va viec xay ddng dat nddc, cho nen Chu Ian), 1945, 1946 (3 Ian), 1950, 1951, Muc dich he thdng tich Hd Chi Minh da danh cho ITnh vdc sd quan tarn dac biet Ngddi da gpi sd dot nat la Trong giao due ngddi ta thddng de cap tdi "giac" vi nd can trd viec xay ddng va bao ve td loai muc dich: muc dich he thdng va muc dich rong ddi hoat dpng cua minh Chu tich Ho Chi KHGD so 56, thdng - 2010 Khoa hoc Gido due nhan each Muc dich he thdng la du kien ve ket qua ma he thdng giao due qudc dan dat dddc sau mot thdi gian phan dau nhat dinh Thi du, van de nang cao dan tri, dao tao nguon nhan Idc, bdi dddng nhan tai; van de cd cau he thdng giao due qudc dan; van de mang Iddi va quy md giao due Muc dich he thdng se giup cho viec chi dao he thdng giao due qudc dan hoat dpng cd hieu qua, gdp phan lam cho nd phat trien on dinh va can ddi Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve muc dich he thdng giao due vao nhdng nam 1955 (2 Ian), 1956 Nguyen li giao due Be chi dao nen giao due qudc dan phat then cd chat Iddng va hieu qua cao, can tuan thu nghiem ngat mot so nguyen tac cd ban va chung nhat ma ta gpi la nguyen li giao due Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 22 Ian ve nguyen li giao due vao nhdng nam 1947 (2 Ian), 1950 (2 Ian), 1951, 1954, 1955 (4 Ian), 1956, 1957 (3 Ian), 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1969 (2 Ian) Muc dich nhan each Hoat dpng giao due la nham de dao tao, phat then nhan each ngddi Muc dich giao due la md hinh nhan each ma cac nha giao due hddng tdi, nd chi dao toan bp qua trinh giao due Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve muc dich nhan each vao cac nam 1955, 1956, 1959,1964, 1969 Ddng co hoc tap Hpc de lam gi? Bd la cau hdi dat cho mpi ngddi di hpc - Hpc de biet dpc, biet viet, biet tinh toan - "Hpc dam ba chd de lam ngddi" - "Hpc de no cdm am cat", "de vinh than phi i a "' - "Hpc de phuc vu nhan dan, td qudc va nhan loai" Day la vain de rat quan trong, la cai triet li cua sd hpc, nd chi dao dpng cd, y thdc hpc tap va hanh vi cua cac em Trong truyen thdng Viet Nam, van de ddpc dat td rat sdm Chu tich Hd Chi Minh rat quan tarn tdi dieu va da Ian phat bieu ve nd vao nhdng nam 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955 (2 Ian), 1959, 1961 Noi dung giao due - day hoc Day cai gi, giao due cai gi cho hpc sinh? Do la mot nhdng yeu to chinh quyet dinh chat Iddng giao due, day hpc Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 16 Ian ve npi dung giao due nhdng nam 1947 (2 Ian), 1948 (2 Ian), 1955 (3 Ian), 1956, 1959 (2 Ian), 1960, 1961 (2 Ian), 1963 (2 Ian), 1964 Phuong phap giao due - day hoc Phddng phap giao due - day hpc tra Idi cau hdi day hpc, giao due nhd the nao? Khi muc dich va npi dung da dddc xac dinh thi phddng phap la hoat dpng sang tao thddng xuyen cua ngddi thay va cd anh hddng rat Idn tdi chat Iddng day hpc giao duo Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 23 Ian ve phddng phap day hpc, giao due vao nhdng nam 1942, 1947 (3 Ian), 1948, 1949, 1950 (4 Ian), 1955, 1956 (3lan), 1957, 1959 (3 Ian), 1961, 1963, 1963 (2 Ian), 1968 Hinh thue to chut day hoc Day hpc theo hinh thdc nao? Len Idp hay td hpc, nghe giang hay thao luan, trddng hay ngoai trddng ? Dd la nhdng van de cd anh hddng tdi chat Iddng giao due - day hpc Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve hinh thdc td chdc day hpc, giao due vao nhdng nam 1945, 1947, 1950, 1969 10 Dpi ngu giao vien Ngddi thay giao quyet dinh chat Iddng giao due, tham chi khong cd thay thi khong cd Idp, khong cd giao due Vi tarn quan cua ngddi thay giao cdng tac giao due, Chu tich da phat bieu 26 Ian ve van de vao nhdng nam 1946, 1947, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1955 (5 Ian), 1956 (6 Ian), 1958 (2 Ian), 1959 (3 Ian), 1963, 1964 (3 Ian), 1968 11 Tap the hot sinh De cong tac giao due cd ket qua, hoat dpng cua tap the hpc sinh cd y nghTa rat quan Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve van de vao nhdng nam 1946 (2 Ian), 1947, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1963, 1964 12 Quan li giao due Giao due la mot he thdng xa hpi rpng Idn, cd lien quan den nhieu ITnh vdc, den mpi gia dinh, cd anh hddng quyet dinh den tddng lai cua mot nddc, sdc manh cua mot dan tpc Viec giao due ngddi lai thddng dien mot thdi gian dai VI vay, cong tac quan li giao due co y nghTa rat quan KHGD sd 56, thdng - 2010 hpc Gido due Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da phat bieu Ian ve van de vao nhung nam 1947 (2 Ian), 1950, 1956 (2 Ian), 1962 Tom lai, td tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh dddc xem nhd mot he thdng gdm 12 yeu td tddng dng vdi 12 pham tru giao due cd lien he mat thiet vdi nhau, nham chi dao viec nghien cdu li luan va cai tao thdc tiin giao due Viet Nam 12 yeu to tren cd the chia nhdm: - Nhdng van de vl md: Dd la nhdng quan diem, nhdng van de If luan chung, lien quan den viec dieu khien toan bp he thdng giao due qudc dan va xac dinh mdi quan he gida he thdng giao due qudc dan va cac td chdc xa hpi khac, nhd: + Vi tri, vai tro cua giao due; + Tinh chat giao due; + Muc dich he thdng giao due; + Nguyen li, nguyen tac giao due; + Quan Ii giao due - Nhdng van de vi mo: Do la nhdng quan diem, nhdng van de li luan lien quan den viec hinh va phat trien nhan each, chi dao tddng tac thay - tro qua trinh giao due, nhd: + Muc dich nhan each; + Dpng cd hpc tap; + Npi dung giao due - day hpc; + Phddng phap giao due - day hpc; + Hinh thdc td chdc giao due - day hpc - Nhdng van de lien quan den dieu kien va moi trddng giao due: dd la nhdng van de nhd: + Dpi ngu giao vien; + Tap the hpc sinh, gia dinh va xa hpi II Ban nghien cdu su* phat trien td tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh Viec trinh bay mot each gian Idpc tren day da cho thay td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh da de cap tdi nhdng van de rat rpng Idn Oe cd the hinh dung dddc mot bde tranh toan canh ve sd phat then td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh, nham d i dang nhan thdc va van dung chung, cd the cu the hoa chung dddi mot dang trdc quan nhd mot ban dd Tren true tung cua ban la cac pham tru, cac yeu to thupc he thdng td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh Tren true hoanh bieu dien thdi gian ma ChCi tich Hd Chi Minh phat bieu ve cac van de giao due va hien Idu gid dddc td nam 1920 den nam 1969, Ngddi qua ddi Ban nghien cuu su phat then twtwdng giao due Ho Chi Minh I VI Irf, vai tro II Tfnh chat I9