Philosophy of Physics PRINCETON FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY Scott Soames, Series Editor Philosophical Logic by JOHN P BURGESS Philosophy of Language by SCOTT SO AMES Philosophy of Law by AN[.]
Philosophy of Physics PRINCETON FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY Scott Soames, Series Editor Philosophical Logic by JOHN P BURGESS Philosophy ofLanguage by SCOTT SOAMES Philosophy of Law by ANDREI MARMOR Truth by ALEXIS G BURGESS & JOHN P BURGESS PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICS Space and Time Tim Maudlin PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2012 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Maudlin, Tim Philosophy of physics : space and time/ Tim Maudlin p em.- (Princeton foundations of contemporary philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-691-14309-5 (alk paper) Space and time I Title BD632.M38 2012 530.11-dc23 2012005618 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Minion Pro Printed on acid-free paper oo Printed in the United States of America 10 & Archer Index First Law of Motion, Newton's, 4, 10- 2, 7- 9, , 54, 59, 75, 124 Fizeau, Hippolyte, Galilean Relativity, 47, , 53, 15 Galilean space-time, 60-68, 75, 80-89, 26 Galileo, ix, - 9, 49-53, 14, 23, -38, 47 gauge freedom, 29 General Relativity, 26, 39, 75, 83, 93, 26-28, , 34-52, 67 Geroch, Robert, , 52 globally hyperbolic space-time, definition of, 160 Goldstein, Herbert, 30-3 , 64 grandfather paradox, 62 gravitational lensing, 45 gravitational waves, I 39 Hoefer, Carl, ! hole argument, 47-5 homogeneous space, 35, 29, 47 Hoyle, Fred, 66 Huggett, Nick, 33, 153 indeterminism, 39, 50 inertial frame of reference, , 53, 67 inertial mass, 59, 60, 32 inertial motion, 8, 53, 59, 62, 03, 10- 7, 123, 34, 58, 75 inertial structure, 62, 26 inertial trajectories, 62, 65, 80, 83, 88, 1 2, 14, , 44 isometry, 8, 34, isotropic space, 35, 39, 72, 29, 47 kinematic shift, 46 Kripke, Saul, 50 182 Law of Light, 73, 83, 88, 95, 06, 22, 24 Leibniz, Gottfried, 34-53, 66, 80, 46-49 light clock, 09 light-cone, definition of, 68 light-like separated, definition of, 74 linear acceleration, I locally parallel, definition of, 29 Lorentz Boost, 14 Lorentz coordinates, 69-73, 78, 87, 93-97, 00- 06, 14, 1 8, , 28, 40, Lorentz transformations, 67, 72, 87, 3, Mach, Ernst, 45, 66, 26 Maxwell, James Clerk, 24-27 metric function, 28 metrical structure, 7, 1 , 28-34, 54-56, 70, 37, 47 Michelson and Morely, 22 Minkowski metric, Minkowski space-time, 69-96, 06, 1 7-40, 57, 162, Misner, Charles, 08, 52 Mobius strip, 56 natural motion, Newton, Isaac, 4-66, 75, 80, 83, 94, 96, 23, 2� -3� 4� 53, 60 Newton's Laws of Motion, 2-24 non-orientable space-time, 168 Norton, John, 27, 47, ! orthogonal coordinate system, 32 passive boost, 14 passive gravitational mass, 32-34 physical Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction, 99, 103, 1 2-2 PI! See Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles Poincare transformations, 72 Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles, 40-52, 46 Principle of Sufficient Reason, 36-49, 46 PSR See Principle of Sufficient Reason Pythagorean formula, 29, 72 Index quantum theory, 40, 46 rectilinear coordinate system, 32 Relativistic Interval, 70 Relativistic Law of Inertia, 75, 83-95, 06, 124 relativistic time dilation, 83 relativity of simultaneity, 92 Ricci tensor, 139 Riemann, Bernhard, , 39 rigid body, 1 6- 9, 23 Rindler, Wolfgang, 80-83, 99, 1 rotating globes experiment, 44, 57, 80, 26 rubber sheet geometry See topology scalar curvature, 39 Scholium on Space and Time, 13, 5, 22 Second Law of Motion, Newton's, 5-20, 30, 59, 80, 83 simultaneity slice, 61, 65, 84-89, 128 singularity, 42-46 Sklar, Lawrence, 23, 24 space-like separated, definition of, 74 space-time diagram, 56-63, 72-77, 80, 89, 97, 100- 05, 1 2, 32, , , 75 static shift, 46 steady state theory of the universe, 166 straightedge, 5, 7, 84, 74 stress-energy tensor, 39, 45, Strong Equivalence Principle, 27, 135 temporally orientable space-time, 56-58 Theory of Relativity, 23, , 66, , 25 Thorne, Kip, 08, 52, 164 tidal effects, 35, 39 tidal forces, 144-46 time-like separated, defintion of, 74 topological transformation, 7, 47 topology, 6- 12, 27-29, 34, 62, 69, 72, 154-6 Triangle Inequality, 29, 79 Twins Paradox, 77, 83, 93, 38, 145, 58 Weak Energy Condition, Weak Equivalence Principle, 27-36 Wheeler, john, 08, 52 world-line, definition of, 56 ... Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Maudlin, Tim Philosophy of physics : space and time/ Tim Maudlin p em.- (Princeton foundations of contemporary philosophy) Includes.. .Philosophy of Physics PRINCETON FOUNDATIONS OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY Scott Soames, Series Editor Philosophical Logic by JOHN P BURGESS Philosophy ofLanguage by SCOTT SOAMES Philosophy of. .. SOAMES Philosophy of Law by ANDREI MARMOR Truth by ALEXIS G BURGESS & JOHN P BURGESS PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICS Space and Time Tim Maudlin PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2012