Part 1 of ebook Obstetric imaging: Fetal diagnosis and care provide readers with content about: atlas of selected normal images; thorax; congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung; bronchopulmonary sequestration; scimitar syndrome; retroperitoneum; abnormal kidney location; abnormal kidney size; bilateral renal agenesis; unilateral renal agenesis; duplicated collecting system; multicystic dysplastic kidney;...
OBSTETRIC IMAGING Fetal Diagnosis and Care 2nd EDITION OBSTETRIC IMAGING Fetal Diagnosis and Care JOSHUA A COPEL, MD Professor and Vice Chair Clinical Operations Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut MARY E D’ALTON, MB, BCh, BAO Willard C Rappleye Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Director Obstetrics and Gynecology Services Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York HELEN FELTOVICH, MD, MS Physician Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Intermountain Healthcare Provo, Utah EDUARD GRATACÓS, MD, PhD Director Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain DEBORAH KRAKOW, MD Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California ANTHONY O ODIBO, MD, MSCE Professor Fetal Care Center Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa, Florida LAWRENCE D PLATT, MD Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Center for Fetal Medicine and Women’s Ultrasound Los Angeles, California BORIS TUTSCHEK, MD, PhD Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Prenatal Zurich Zürich, Switzerland Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany 1600 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 OBSTETRIC IMAGING: FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND CARE ISBN: 978-0-323-44548-1 SECOND EDITION Copyright © 2018 by Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies, and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein) Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such 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any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein Previous edition copyrighted 2012 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Copel, Joshua A., editor Title: Obstetric imaging : fetal diagnosis and care / [edited by] Joshua A Copel, Mary E D’Alton, Helen Feltovich, Eduard Gratacós, Deborah Krakow, Anthony O Odibo, Lawrence D Platt, Boris Tutschek Description: Second edition | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2017029132 | ISBN 9780323445481 (hardcover) Subjects: | MESH: Congenital Abnormalities—diagnostic imaging | Fetus—abnormalities | Prenatal Diagnosis Classification: LCC RG626 | NLM QS 675 | DDC 618.3/2075—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017029132 Senior Content Strategist: Robin Carter Senior Content Development Specialist: Anne Snyder Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Albright Jackson Senior Project Manager: Doug Turner Designer: Renee Duenow Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS Sonya S Abdel-Razeq, MD Mar Bennasar, MD Assistant Professor Maternal-Fetal Medicine Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella Maternal-Fetal Senior Specialist Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology Augus Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute University of Barcelona Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona, Spain Cystic Hygroma Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Atresia Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Mitral Atresia Aortic Coarctation Interruption of the Aortic Arch Aortic Arch Anomalies Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of Great Arteries Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Common Arterial Trunk Yalda Afshar, MD, PhD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X) Marta Arigita, MD Obstetric and Gynecologic Resident Fetal I+D Fetal Medicine Research Center Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology Barcelona, Spain Cystic Hygroma Abigail A Armstrong, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California Mosaic Trisomies 8, 9, and 16 Mert Ozan Bahtiyar, MD Director, Fetal Care Center Associate Professor Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Nursing Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Atlas of Selected Normal Images Parvovirus B19 Infection During Pregnancy Ahmet Baschat, MD Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics The Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy Baltimore, Maryland Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus and Placenta Marc U Baumann, MD, PhD Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist University Hospital of Bern Bern, Switzerland Hepatic Anomalies Richard L Berkowitz, MD Professor Maternal-Fetal Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Cordocentesis and Fetal Transfusion Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction Amar Bhide, MD Consultant in Fetal Medicine Fetal Medicine Unit St George’s Hospital London, United Kingdom Vascular Cerebral Anomalies Harm-Gerd K Blaas, MD, PhD Department of Laboratory Medicine Children’s and Women’s Health Norwegian University of Science and Technology National Center for Fetal Medicine St Olavs Hospital Trondheim, Norway Holoprosencephaly April T Bleich, MD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Obstetrix Medical Group Fort Worth, Texas Abnormal Kidney Location Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Autosomal Recessive (Infantile) Polycystic Kidney Disease v vi Contributors Thorsten Braun, MD, PhD Debnath Chatterjee, MD Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Charité—University Medicine Berlin Department of Obstetrics Campus Virchow Klinikum Berlin, Germany Intestinal Obstruction Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine Director of Fetal Anesthesia Colorado Fetal Care Center Aurora, Colorado Open Fetal Surgery Fallon R Brewer, MS, CGC Genetic Counselor Department of Genetics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Goldenhar Syndrome Pierre Robin Sequence Prune-Belly Syndrome Sirenomelia VATER Association Jaclyn M Coletta, MD Angela Burgess, MD, PhD Elena Contro, MD, PhD Richmond University Medical Center Mount Sinai Consortium Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Staten Island, New York Lymphedema and Lymphatic Malformations Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology S Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital Bologna, Italy Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions Neural Tube Defects Alison G Cahill, MD, MSCI Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, Missouri Miller-Dieker Syndrome (17p13.3 Deletion Syndrome) Assistant Professor Maternal-Fetal Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Chorioangioma Choriocarcinoma Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Vasa Previa Joshua A Copel, MD Assistant Professor Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Gastroschisis Omphalocele Professor and Vice Chair Clinical Operations Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Thymus Fetal Adrenal Abnormalities Gastroschisis Omphalocele Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella Frederic Chantraine, MD, PhD Fatima Crispi, MD, PhD Katherine H Campbell, MD, MPH Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CHR Citadelle University of Liege Liege, Belgium Abdominal Cysts Tamara T Chao, MD Maternal-Fetal Medicine MultiCare Health System Tacoma, Washington Abnormal Kidney Size Duplicated Collecting System Posterior Urethral Valves Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Choanal Atresia Double-Inlet Single Ventricle Atrial Isomerism Anomalies of Pulmonary Venous Return Anomalies of Systemic Venous Return Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Tumors Arrhythmias Contributors Timothy M Crombleholme, MD Mary E D’Alton, MB, BCh, BAO Professor of Pediatric Surgery Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Open Fetal Surgery Willard C Rappleye Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Director Obstetrics and Gynecology Services Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Nuchal Translucency Placental Abruption Placenta Accreta Chorioangioma Choriocarcinoma Placenta Circumvallata Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Placenta Previa Vasa Previa Chorionicity of Multiple Gestations Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Gestations Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations Sarah N Cross, MD Assistant Professor Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Cytomegalovirus, Rubella, Toxoplasmosis, Herpes Simplex Virus, and Varicella Mónica Cruz-Lemini, MD, PhD Clinical Researcher Fetal Medicine and Surgery Research Unit Neurodevelopmental Research Unit “Dr Augusto Fernández Guardiola” Neurobiology Institute National Autonomous University of Mexico—Campus Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung Hydrothorax Other Thoracic Tumors and Masses Rogelio Cruz-Martínez, MD, PhD Head and Professor Fetal Medicine and Surgery Research Unit Women and Children’s Specialty Hospital of Querétaro Neurodevelopmental Research Unit Neurobiology Institute National Autonomous University of Mexico—Campus Juriquilla Querétaro, Mexico Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung Bronchopulmonary Sequestration Hydrothorax Scimitar Syndrome Congenital High Airways Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS) and Bronchial Atresia Andrea Dall’Asta, MD Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University of Parma Parma, Italy Neural Tube Defects Francesco D’Antonio, MD, PhD Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences UiT/The Arctic University of Norway Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospital of Northern Norway Tromsø, Norway Ventriculomegaly Jodi S Dashe, MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Director of Prenatal Diagnosis Parkland Health and Hospital Systems Dallas, Texas Abnormal Kidney Location Abnormal Kidney Size Bilateral Renal Agenesis Unilateral Renal Agenesis Renal Pelvis Dilatation Duplicated Collecting System Posterior Urethral Valves Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Autosomal Recessive (Infantile) Polycystic Kidney Disease Luc De Catte, MD, PhD Consultant Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Francesca De Musso, MD Hopital Delafontaine Saint-Denis, France Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions Neural Tube Defects vii viii Contributors Valentina De Robertis, MD Tiziana Fanelli, MD Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals Bari, Italy Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies Fetal Medicine Unit Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals Bari, Italy Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Anomalies Jan Deprest, MD, PhD Helen Feltovich, MD, MS Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Physician Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Intermountain Healthcare Provo, Utah Cervical Length and Spontaneous Preterm Birth Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus and Placenta Roland Devlieger, MD, PhD Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Anke Diemert, MD Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine University Medical Center—Hamburg Hamburg, Germany Fetal Spleen Lindsey Drehfal, MS Research Assistant Quantitative Ultrasound Laboratory Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Elasticity Imaging in Obstetrics Elisenda Eixarch, MD, PhD Maternal-Fetal Consultant Department of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Orbital Defects: Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism Facial Dysmorphism Neck Teratoma Alexander Engels, MD Department of Development and Regeneration University Hospitals Leuven Leuven, Belgium Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Jakob Evers, MD Chief Physician Luzerner Kantonsspital Obstetrics and Gynecology Departement Sursee Sursee, Switzerland Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome Susana Fernández, MD Fetal Thyroid Masses and Fetal Goiter Francesc Figueras, MD Associate Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology Department University of Barcelona Head of High-Risk Obstetrics Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine BCNatal, Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Facial Dysmorphism Perry Friedman, MD MFM Fellow Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan Polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios Tiziana Frusca, MD Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit University of Parma Parma, Italy Neural Tube Defects Karin M Fuchs, MD Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Amniotic Band Sequence Cord Cyst Cord Varix Limb–Body Wall Complex Chorionicity of Multiple Gestations Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Gestations Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations Dichorionic Diamniotic Twin Gestations Contributors Julie A Gainer, DO Olga Gómez, MD, PhD Utah Valley Regional Medical Center Maternal Fetal Medicine Intermountain Healthcare Provo, Utah Triploidy Maternal-Fetal Consultant Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu University of Barcelona Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases Barcelona, Spain Cleft Lip and Palate Micrognathia and Retrognathia Facial Dysmorphism Ultrasound of Normal Fetal Heart Ventricular Septal Defect Atrioventricular Septal Defect Tricuspid Atresia Ebstein Anomaly and Tricuspid Dysplasia Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia France Galerneau, MD, FRCS(C) Associate Professor Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Fetal Hepatic Calcification Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Stephanie L Gaw, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California Trisomy 13 Trisomy 18 Trisomy 21 Mosaic Trisomies 8, 9, and 16 Kobina Ghartey, MD Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence Tullio Ghi, MD, PhD Eduard Gratacós, MD, PhD Director Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Clinical Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of the Lung Bronchopulmonary Sequestration Hydrothorax Scimitar Syndrome Other Thoracic Tumors and Masses Department of Obstetrics University of Parma Parma, Italy Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cysts, Tumors, and Destructive Lesions Neural Tube Defects Carole Gravino, RDMS, FE Katherine R Goetzinger, MD, MSCI Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Providence, Rhode Island Cloacal Abnormalities Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Fryns Syndrome Pentalogy of Cantrell Cystic Fibrosis Tuberous Sclerosis Miller-Dieker Syndrome (17p13.3 Deletion Syndrome) ix Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Atlas of Selected Normal Images Maureen S Hamel, MD Christina S Han, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA University of California, Los Angeles Center for Fetal Medicine and Women’s Ultrasound Los Angeles, California Fetal Adrenal Abnormalities Fetal Biophysical Profile x Contributors Lorie M Harper, MD, MSCI Lisa W Howley, MD Associate Professor Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Goldenhar Syndrome Pierre Robin Sequence Prune-Belly Syndrome Sirenomelia VATER Association Co-Director, Fetal Cardiology Program Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Open Fetal Surgery Wolfgang Henrich, MD, PhD Professor and Head Department of Obstetrics Charité—University Medicine Berlin Berlin, Germany Intestinal Obstruction Choroid Plexus Anomalies: Cysts and Papillomas Jennifer S Hernandez, MD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Obstetrix Medical Group Fort Worth, Texas Bilateral Renal Agenesis Unilateral Renal Agenesis Renal Pelvis Dilatation Mauricio Herrera, MD Director Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine Colombia University Clinic Colsánitas Clinic Bogotá, Colombia Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome Cara C Heuser, MD Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Intermountain Healthcare Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah Caudal Regression Syndrome June Y Hou, MD Assistant Professor Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital New York, New York Choriocarcinoma Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Michael House, MD Associate Professor Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Tufts Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Cervical Length and Spontaneous Preterm Birth Rebecca S Hulinsky, MS, CGC Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah Caudal Regression Syndrome Jon A Hyett, MBBS, BSc, MD, MRCOG, FRANZCOG Head of Department High-Risk Obstetrics Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Head of Discipline Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology University of Sydney Sydney, Australia Intraabdominal Masses G Marc Jackson, MD Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Intermountain Healthcare Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah Caudal Regression Syndrome Joses A Jain, MD Clinical Fellow Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York Amniotic Band Sequence Cord Cyst Cord Varix Limb–Body Wall Complex Anthony Johnson, DO Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences Professor of Pediatric Surgery University of Texas School of Medicine at Houston McGovern Medical School Co-Director, The Fetal Center Memorial Hermann Children’s Hospital Houston, Texas Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis Immune Hydrops Fetalis Clark T Johnson, MD, MPH Assistant Professor Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Johns Hopkins Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Congenital Syphilis ... Düsseldorf, Germany 16 00 John F Kennedy Blvd Ste 18 00 Philadelphia, PA 19 10 3-2 899 OBSTETRIC IMAGING: FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND CARE? ?? ISBN: 97 8-0 -3 2 3-4 454 8 -1 SECOND EDITION Copyright © 2 018 by Elsevier,.. .OBSTETRIC IMAGING Fetal Diagnosis and Care 2nd EDITION OBSTETRIC IMAGING Fetal Diagnosis and Care JOSHUA A COPEL, MD Professor and Vice Chair Clinical Operations Obstetrics, Gynecology, and. .. Photocoagulation VIDEO 11 5.2 Fetoscopic View of Recipient Twin Within a Polyhydramniotic Sac VIDEO 11 5.3 Fetoscopic View of a “Stuck” Donor Twin CHAPTER 11 8 OPEN FETAL SURGERY VIDEO 11 8 .1 Open Fetal Repair