Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Assessment of Selected Interior Flooring Materials On Indoor Air Quality Procedia Engineering 161 ( 2016 ) 1527 – 1531 Available online at www sciencedirect com 1877 7058 © 2016 The Authors Published[.]
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1527 – 1531 :RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86 $VVHVVPHQWRI6HOHFWHG,QWHULRU)ORRULQJ0DWHULDOV2Q,QGRRU$LU 4XDOLW\ ,QJULG-XKiVRYiâHQLWNRYiD0LFKDO.UDXVD a Department of Civil Engineering, The Institute of Technology and Business in ýeské BudČjovice, Okružní 517/10, ýeské BudČjovice, 370 01, Czech Republic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© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:LQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\ 792&VFRQFHQWUDWLRQ DLUDFFHSWDELOLW\ RGRULQWHQVLW\ FKHPLFDODVVHVVPHQW VHQVRU\DVVHVVPHQW &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO E-mail address:LQIR#NUDXVPLFKDOF] 1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.621 1528 Ingrid Juhásová Šenitková and Michal Kraus / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1527 –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v=0.1–0.2 m/s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ngrid Juhásová Šenitková and Michal Kraus / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1527 – 1531 1529 )ORRULQJ0DWHULDOVIRU&KHPLFDODQG6HQVRU\$VVHVVPHQWV 7RQJXHIORRU39&IORRUDQGDFU\OLFEDVHGIORRUDUHDVVHVVHGLQWHUPVRIWKHLQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\DVVHVVPHQWZLWK GLIIHUHQW DLU FKDQJH UDWH 3DLQWHG J\SVXP ERDUGV DV ZDOO DQG FHLOLQJ FRDWLQJ PDWHULDO DUH XVHG IRU WHVWHG LQWHULRU PDWHULDOVFRPELQDWLRQV*\SVXPERDUGVDUHFRPPRQO\XVHGLQUHVLGHQWLDODQGFRPPHUFLDOFRQVWUXFWLRQVDVDILQLVK VXUIDFHRILQWHULRUV*\SVXPERDUGVDUHPDGHRIPRXOGHGJ\SVXPPDVVEHWZHHQWZRSDSHUFDUWRQV6RPHW\SHVRI J\SVXP ERDUGV FDQ FRQWDLQ DGGLWLYHV VXFK DV VLOLFRQHV IRU KLJKHU PRLVWXUH UHVLVWDQFH 7KHVH DGGLWLYHV PD\ EH D SRWHQWLDOVRXUFHRIKDUPIXOSROOXWDQWV+RZHYHUPDWHULDODQGFKHPLFDOVWUXFWXUHRIJ\SVXPERDUGDOORZVELQGXSRQ WKHPVHOYHV SRODU RUJDQLF YRODWLOHV VXFK DV HVWHUV RI DFHWLF DFLGV NHWRQHV DQG DOFRKROV *\SVXP ERDUGV DUH LQIODPPDEOHHOHFWULFDOO\QHXWUDORGRXUOHVVSRURXVPDWHULDOFDSDEOHRIFRQWUROOLQJWKHLQGRRUHQYLURQPHQW :RRGHQIORRULQJLVDPRQJWKHIORRULQJZKLFKLVYHU\XVHUIULHQGO\DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOO\IULHQGO\7RQJXHIORRU DUHPDQXIDFWXUHGRIUHFWDQJXODUPDFKLQHGSODWHWLPEHUZLWKDKHLJKWJUHDWHUWKDQPPZLWKDZLGWKRIPP DQGDOHQJWKRIXSWRPHWHUV,QGLYLGXDOIORRUERDUGVDUHMRLQHGE\WRQJXHDQGJURRYH)ORRULQJPDGHIURPZRRGFDQ EHRQHRIWKHPDLQVRXUFHVRIIRUPDOGHK\GHDQG792&VHPLVVLRQVLQWKHLQWHULRUV>@,QWHUPVRIKDUPIXOSROOXWDQWV VXUIDFHFRDWLQJVZLWKXVLQJRLOVDQGFRDWLQJVDUHYHU\SUREOHPDWLFDQGFRQWURYHUV\ 39&IORRULQJLV YHU\SRSXODU DQGZLGHO\XVHGIORRULQJZLWK KLJKUHVLVWDQFH DQGGXUDELOLW\ *HQHUDOO\ 39& LV DPRQJWKHPRVWZLGHO\XVHGSODVWLFV7KLVSODVWLFLVXVHGQRWRQO\LQFRQVWUXFWLRQEXWDOVRLQWKHSURGXFWLRQRIIXUQLWXUH DQG KRXVHKROG DFFHVVRULHV DQG FORWKLQJ LQGXVWU\ 3RO\YLQ\O FKORULGH IORRULQJ LV ZLGHVSUHDG LQ WKH UHVLGHQWLDO DQG FRPPHUFLDOEXLOGLQJV3UHYLRXVO\WKHKDUPIXOSKWKDODWHVZHUHYHU\FRPPRQLQJUHGLHQWRI39&IORRULQJ,WVHUYHVDV DQHPROOLHQW39&IORRULQJHPLWVDORWRISROOXWDQWVDVEXWDQROEXW\ODFHWDWHDFHWRQHEHQ]HQHHWKDQROHWK\O DFHWDWHP[\OHQHS[\OHQHWROXHQHSKWKDODWHVDQGSKWKDODWHHVWHUVDQGRWKHUV>@$FU\OLFIORRULQJLVVXLWDEOHIRU HYHQWKHWRXJKHVWRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV7KHIORRULQJEDVHGRQDFU\OLFEDVHLVPDGHRISURJUHVVLYHFRPSRVLWHPDWHULDOV VXFKDVSRO\PHUV DFU\OLFUHVLQV DQGPLQHUDOV DOXPLQLXPK\GUR[LGH ,QWKLVFDVHWKHDVVHVVHGDFU\OLFEDVHGIORRULQJ LVPDGHRIPL[DOXPLQLXPWULK\GUDWHDQGDFU\OLF 5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQV 7KHUHVXOWVRIDLUDFFHSWDELOLW\XQGHUGLIIHUHQWDLUFKDQJHUDWHDUHVKRZQZLWKLQWKH7DEOHDQG)LJXUH,QWKH FDVH RI DLU DFFHSWDELOLW\ PRVW DFFHSWDEOH UHVXOWV LQ DQ\ DLU FKDQJH UDWHV ZHUH DFKLHYHG E\ DFU\OLF EDVHG PDWHULDO FRPELQDWLRQ0DWHULDOFRPELQDWLRQZLWK39&LQWKHFDVHRIDLUFKDQJHUDWHQ KUHDFKHGWKHPRVWXQDFFHSWDEOH UHVXOWEXWLQFUHDVLQJWKHDLUFKDQJHUDWHWRQ KWKHYDOXHRIDFFHSWDELOLW\ZDVRQOHYHORIWRQJXHIORRU )LJ$LUDFFHSWDELOLW\RIGLIIHUHQWDLUFKDQJHUDWH $OVR WKH RGRXU LQWHQVLW\ UHVXOWV DUH WKH PRVW DFFHSWDEOH LQ DQ\ DLU FKDQJH UDWHV E\ DFU\OLF EDVHG PDWHULDO FRPELQDWLRQ0DWHULDOFRPELQDWLRQZLWK39&LQWKHFDVHE\DLUFKDQJHUDWHQ KUHDFKHGWKHPRVWXQDFFHSWDEOH 1530 Ingrid Juhásová Šenitková and Michal Kraus / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1527 –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ngrid Juhásová Šenitková and Michal Kraus / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 1527 –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lFN'6LFN%XLOGLQJ6\QGURPH 6%6 DPRQJ2IILFH:RUNHUV LQD0DOD\VLDQ8QLYHUVLW\²$VVRFLDWLRQVZLWK$WRS\)UDFWLRQDO([KDOHG1LWULF2[LGH )H12 DQGWKH2IILFH(QYLURQPHQW6FLHQFHRIWKH 7RWDO(QYLURQPHQW ± >@ 6DOWKDPPHU7(PLVVLRQVRI9RODWLOH2UJDQLF&RPSRXQGVIURP3URGXFWVDQG0DWHULDOVLQ,QGRRU(QYLURQPHQWV,Q ,QGRRU$LU 3ROOXWLRQYRO)3OXVFKNH3 HG 6SULQJHU%HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJ*HUPDQ\ >@ âHQLWNRYi,,PSDFWRI,QGRRU6XUIDFH0DWHULDORQ3HUFHLYHGDLUTXDOLW\0DWHULDO6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ&9ROXPH >@ âHQLWNRYi,%HGQiĜRYi3(QYLURQPHQWDO6XVWDELOLW\RI%XLOGLQJ0DWHULDOVDQG3HUFHLYHG$LU4XDOLW\,QWHULRU6XUIDFHV&KHPLFDO 3DSHUV1R >@ :HL:5DPDOKR20DQGLQ&,QGRRU$LU4XDOLW\5HTXLUHPHQWVLQ*UHHQ%XLOGLQJ&HUWLILFDWLRQV%XLOGLQJDQG(QYLURQPHQW ... 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:LQGRRUDLUTXDOLW\ 792&VFRQFHQWUDWLRQ DLUDFFHSWDELOLW\ RGRULQWHQVLW\ FKHPLFDODVVHVVPHQW VHQVRU\DVVHVVPHQW... under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.621 1528... FKURPDWRJUDSK\ *& 9$5,$1 DIWHU H[WUDFWLRQ WR &6 7KH WRWDO VXP RI 792&V LV FDOFXODWHG EDVHG RQ LQGLYLGXDO792&VFRQFHQWUDWLRQV 7KHSDQHOOLVWVRIVHQVRU\DVVHVVPHQWFRQVLVWHGRIJURXSRIUHVSRQVLEOHSHUVRQVIURPWR\HDUVZLWKRXWJHQGHU