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BAN VE TIEU CHi DANH GIA GlOi Dî Y HOC dt)A1H0C CA0t)AMG O TS H O A N G THAO NGUYEN* 1 Hiln nay, d cdc trudng dgi hgc (DH), coo Id lya chon cdc PPDH, cdc hinh thuc td chuc dqy ddng (CD), sinh viln (S[.]
BAN VE TIEU CHi DANH GIA GlOi Di^Y HOC dt)A1H0C.CA0t)AMG O TS H O A N G THAO NGUYEN* Hiln nay, d cdc trudng dgi hgc (DH), coo ddng (CD), sinh viln (SV) cdn dy du sd gid hgc theo so tilt quy djnh h-ln Idp mdi dugc cdng nhdn kit qud hgc tdp hgc phdn; tich luy du so Hn chi mdi dugc cdng nhdn tdt nghiep Do dd, gid hgc trin Idp euo SV rdt quon trgng, ed tfnh «phdp li" cao Mudn ndng coo chd't lugng dgy hgc d OH, CD khdng the khdng quon tdm dl'n chd't lugng gid dgy hgc trin Idp euo gidng viln (GV) vd SV SV cd hdo hgc tdp hoy khdng, dugc hlnh thdnh nhdn thucvd kTndng nhuthindo hgc tdp phdn Idn dugc t h i hiln quo gid hgc trin Idp O nhilu trudng, vile dy gid, thdm Idp nhdm tgo dilu kiln hd h-g GV nhdt Id GV tre - dd dugc quon tdm Qua dy gid, GV trao ddi, hgc tdp Idn nhau, nhdn rdng nhCmg kinh nghiem hoy, phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) ddi mdi, rut kinh nghilm nhung diem chua thdnh cdng; cdc edp qudn li cung ndm finh hinh dgy hgc d l ndng cao chd't lugng qudn If gido dye Cd thi khdng djnh vile dy gid, thdm Idp Id mgt bien phdp qudn If chd't lugng dgy hgc hieu qud vd rdt cdn dugc quon tdm Nhdm ddnh gid gid dgy hgc dugc thdng nhd't, nhilu trudng dd xdy dyng «Heu chi ddnh gid" gid dqy hgc vdi cdc «Phie'u danh gia gia day Id lya chon cdc PPDH, cdc hinh thuc td chuc dqy hgc dd ed mdt cdch linh hoqt, sdng tqo, phij hgp nhdm phdt huy dugc Hnh tfch cue chu ddng euo ngudi hgc, dqt myc tilu ddo tqo ngudi mdi ndng ddng, sdng tgo, thfeh ung vdi sy bil'n ddi khdng ngOng euo khoa hgc vd cudc sdng, c6 dugc ndng lye «ty hgc'" sudt ddi cung nhu ndng lye nghl nghilp de thfeh ung vdi cudc sdng hien dgi Tu Idu, cdc phuong ehdm: «Bien qua trinh dao tgo ihanh qua trinh ty dao tao", «Day hgc lay nguoi hpc lam trung tam", «Phuong phap day hoc tich cue" dugc khdng djnh Dieu chOng to cdn Idm Id cy t h i hdo phuong ehdm dd vdo Hiu chf ddnh gid gid dgy tdt, coi nhu mdt «diem tyo", mdt «hlnh mdu'" cho GV phdn ddu dgt dugc Oe ddnh gid gid dgy hgc tdt theo hudng ddi mdi PPDH (h/ budc chudn bj, len Idp dl'n kit thuc bdi), chung tdi de xudt cdc ndi dung co bdn vd muc ddnh gid theo thong dilm 100 nhu sou: I) Xae dinh myc tieu (ket qua nguai hpc can dat) t6t(5/^00 dilm) Hien nay, nhieu ngudi chua thdng nhd't cdch hieu ve myc tieu gid dqy hgc Vdn cd quon nilm cho dd Id viec Idm euo GV d l «giup SV ndm kiln thuc, cd kT ndng " Ddy Id cdch diln dqt xudt phdt tu quon diem hoc" hodc «Phie'u nhan xet gia day hgc" Tuy n h i l n , h/ gdc ddi mdi PPDH, dpc cdc p h i l u tren, chung tdi nhdn thd'y Hnh than ddi mdi d OH, CO chua dugc qudn trilt Cdc philu hdu nhu chua de cdp dl'n nhung y l u edu ve ddi mdi PPDH, viec ddnh gid vdn ndng v l kil'n thuc, hodc ddnh ddng cdc y l u cdu quan trgng vd ft quon trgng (vf dy «trang phye euo G V " cung dugc ddnh gid ngong vdi «tfnh logic cua bdi gidng" ); n l u quon diem «ld'y ngudi hgc Idm trung tdm" nhung khdng cy t h i hdo Hnh thdn d d , khien GV khd trien khoi vd ngudi d y gid cung khd thdng nhd't ddnh g i d «ld'y ngudi dgy Idm trung tdm" Vl vdy, cdn thdng nhd't myc Hiu euo gid dqy hgc Id «kl't qud ngudi hgc edn dqt v l cdc phuong d i l n : nhdn thuc (khi kiln thuc dd chuyen hdo vdo ngudi hgc), kT ndng, tu vd thdi do" Cdch gidng dgy cu thudng ehi chu trgng myc tilu ve kil'n thuc Dung Id eon ngudi rdt cdn cd k i l n thuc, nhung dudng dgy hgc theo Idi ndng v l k i l n thuc, truyen thy «mdt c h i l u " se ddn dl'n finh trgng sdn phdm ddo tqo k l m thfeh ung vdi cudc sdng ludn ludn bil'n ddi Chuong trinh dqy hgc euo cdc nudc phdt trien dd chuyen theo hudng «dgy hgc kT ndng" Nhd trudng cdn dgy chu yl'u Id cdch hgc Id kT Odi mdi PPDH khdng nhd't thilt Id «phdt minh" mdt phuong phdp hodn todn mdi md chu yl'u * Tnrdng Bai hoc Dong A • Da Nang Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki - 7/201 D ^^ ndng thye hdnh d l ngudi hgc cd the hogt dgng thye Hen vd hgc tdp sudt ddi KT ndng cua gid hgc Id kT ndng gdn vdi ndi dung cua bdi hgc; vd mudn cho ngudi hgc ed khd ndng ty hgc sud't ddi thi khdng t h i khdng rIn luyin vd phdt trien cdc thao tdc vd phdm chdt tu cho hg Qua gid hgc, ngudi hgc cung edn dugc bdi dudng v l tu tudng, Hnh cdm, nhdn cdch gdn vdl vdn d l dong hgc Khi dd xdc djnh dugc myc Hiu «dung vd trung", GV se Hm cdc biin phdp nhdm dgt dugc myc hiu dd qua vl|c lya chgn tdi lilu, phuong phdp, hlnh thuc td chuc dgy hgc 2) Hudng ddn SV chud'n bj bdi hpc td't truoc din l6p vd sau hpc tren l6p (10/100 dilm) Cd nhilu GV phdn ndn rdng SV «ludi" ehudn bj bdi, khdng dge trude gido trinh Tuy nhiln, nlu GV khdng hudng ddn SV nghiln euu trude bdi hgc thi Hnh trgng ndy euo SV se khdng dugc cdi thiln O l ed gid dgy hgc td't, GV edn hudng ddn SV nghiln euu bdi hgc ehu ddo Od cd t h i Id cdu hdi ggi y d^ SV dge hilu gido trinh, ed the Id y l u edu SV thye hiln mdt ylu edu ndo dd d l budc ddu hilu gido trinh, tdi lieu thorn khdo (vi dy: hdy so sdnh, hdy tdm tdt, hdy ve so dd ) SV chi ed t h i hgc tdp mdt each chu ddng, tich eye nlu dd ehudn bj bdi kT cdng h-ude dl'n Idp Hudng ddn tdt vua Id dilu kiln d l ed gid dgy td't vua Id bien phdp ren luyen cdch hgc, kT ndng h/ hgc, thao tdc tu euo SV Hudng ddn SV h/ hgc euo GV cung dugc t h i hiln quo vile gidi thilu danh myc gido trinh vd tdl lieu tham khdo rd rdng, d l fim, vua sue, phu hgp quy thdi gian Sou hgc trin Idp, SV cung edn dugc hudng ddn dge tdi lilu tham khdo, Idm bdi tdp d l hilu sdu sde vd vCrng chdc bdi hgc 3) Kiin thuc dam bdo chinh xae, khoa hpc, thiit thuc, dung chuong hinh, cap nhdt, phd hpp doi tupng (15/100 dilm) Theo quon nilm cu, ndi dung kiln thuc truyin thy Id phdn quan trgng nhd't PPDH ddi mdi khdng ddt kil'n thuc edn truyin dgt lln vj tri «tdl thugng" nhu vdy, bdi neu qud coi h-gng vile hgc kiln thuc, ngudi hgc se phdi ludn ludn dudi theo kil'n thuc thdi dgi «bung nd thdng fin" 4) Su dyng phuong phap day hpc tot va to chuc hoqt dpng hpc tap cua SV tot (20/100 dilm) Oiem ndi bdt nhd't euo finh thdn ddi mdi PPDH Id chuyin tu dgy hgc coi ngudi dqy Id trung tdm sang dqy hgc Idy ngudi hgc Id trung tdm Oilu dd cd nghTa Id GV phdi gidm ^ thuylt trinh, d i l n gidng, truyen thy mdt chilu vd edn td chuc hogt ddng hgc tdp cho SV tren ldp GS TS Trdn Bd Hodnh dd khdng djnh: «Ddu hl$u ddc trung cua phuong phap tich cue la dpy hoc thdng qua td chuc cdc hoat dpng hpc tap cua hpc sinh Day theo each thi GV khdng chi gidn don truyin dat th thuc ma huong ddn hdnh ddng"(]) Sinh viln OH, CO Id nhi/ng ngudi dd ed ndng lye «dgc hilu", ed t h i nghiln euu tdi li|u theo hudng ddn euo GV, nIn hg khdng nhdt thilt hodn todn phdi nghe GV «thdng bdo" kiln thuc GV edn t h i hiln vai trd hudng ddn, ggi md nhung phdn khd, giup SV thdo gd nhung «nutthdt" theo nguyin tdc tdn h-gng sy tim tdi, sdng tgo, chu ddng cua SV, Idm «trgng tdi' cho cdc y kiln xung dot Cdc hogt dgng cd the Id hgp tdc nhdm, trinh bdy phdn h/ nghiln cuu, phdn tich, tdng hgp, so sdnh, ddnh gid, binh ludn, ve bilu dd, so dd, ve luge tu vdi nhung hinh thuc phong phu, dgng, phu hgp vdi myc Hiu vd ddi tugng ngudi hgc Nhin chung, GV phdi lya chgn phuong phdp hogt ddng h'ch eye, hilu qud gid lln k5rp 5) Rin luyen kinang hpc tap, nghiin cuu, kT ndng nghi cho SV tot (5/100 diem) Chudn ddu ro euo cdc ngdnh ddo tgo dd dugc moi trudng cdng bdedng khoi, h-ong dd SVcdn thdnh thgo mgt so kT ndng nghl vd kT ndng amem* De thye hien dugc dieu dd, d mdi bdi hgc, GV edn lya chgn mgt vdl kT ndng cy t h i cdn ren nhdm gdp phdn dgt chudn ddu ro cudi khda hgc Gid hgc theo hudng tich eye Id gid hgc GV ed bien phdp td't, cdch Idm hay giup SV phdt h-iln kTndng, thdi lugng ddnh cho hogt dgng kT ndng phdi vua du Gid hgc trin lap budc ddu ed t h i hinh thdnh mpt vdl kT ndng nhd ndo do, SV se Hep hjc ren luyen bdi tdp ve nhd GV cdn trdnh finh h-qng de myc Hiu kT ndng that Idn nhung bien phdp vd thdi lugng ddnh cho nd khdng hiong xung hodc chieu l l , khiln gid hgc khdng dgt myc Heu rIn kT ndng GV dgy gidi Id ngudi bilt lya chgn i\ l l hgp li giua kil'n thuc vd kTndng cdn ren cho SV Trong cdc kTndng, cdn chu trgng kTndng h/ nghiln cuu, h/ hgc, phuong phdp nghiln cuu ddc thu chuyin ngdnh 6) Ren luyen cac thao tac tu va phdm chat hr cha SV /o'f (10/100 diem) Tu cua SV thudng phdt triln tuong ung vdl qud trinh hgc tdp, phdt trien ngdn ngu Tuy nhien, nl'u GV y thuc dugc tdm quan h-gng vd cdch thi/c phat Tap ehi Glao due s6 6 (ki 7/2011) triln tu cho SV thi sy phdt triln tu euo SV se ehu ddng, ty gidc vd b i n vung hon, sdn phdm ddo tgo se coo hon nhieu so vdi GV khdng y thuc Hg se thdng minh hon, nhanh nhgy hon, cd khd ndng hogt dgng trf tul cao hon so vdi khd ndng vd'n ed Od cung chfnh Id myc Hiu ddo tgo eon ngudi cho xd hdi hiln dqi hdo Gid dgy hgc xudt sde Id gid hgc md d dd GV dgy cho SV cdch hgc sdng tgo, khdng theo Idi mdn, bil't the hiln chinh kil'n, phdt hiln nhung cdi mdi me 7) Ngon ngu trinh bay, hoi, dap, chu viit, trinh bay bang chuan muc (10 dilm/100) Ddy Id nhCrng phuong filn Idm nghe cuaGV, ddm bdo y l u cdu tdl thilu euo mdt nhd gido 8) Giao tiip supham tit(5 diem/100) GV vdo Idp vdl thdi vui tuoi, gdn gui, cdi md; tuong tdc giua thdy vd trd td't; xu If finh hudng nhanh nhgy, khio l l o , linh hogt, ddm bdo tfnh su phgm; tdc phong tu t h i mdu myc, phye Ijch sy Nhung GV xudt sdc cdn the hiln sy nhilt finh, khdi, hdm hinh, di ddm ndi ndng, cudn hut ngudi hgc 9) Su dyng dung, thiit bj, phuong tien day hpc phu hgp, hnh hoat, sang tao, hieu qud (10/100 diem) Cdc dd dung, phuong Hen hien dgi nhu mdy vi tfnh vdi cdc ehuong trinh phdn mim, ede thilt bj mdy mdc hd trg nghe, nhin, mgng Internet Id nhung phuong Hen hd trg ddc lye cho bdi gidng Ode bilt, cdc mdy mdc, dyng cy thiet bj thudc chuyen ngdnh ddo tgo Id dd'i tugng nghiln euu hgc tdp euo SV cdn dugc chudn bj chu ddo, gidi thieu vd su dyng ehudn xdc, mdu myc Tuy nhiln, cdn cd nhilu GV su dyng chua tdt, chua linh hoqt, sdng tqo, vi vdy ddy cung Id phuong diln cdn ddnh gid dung muc 10) Ddm bdo thai lugng quy djnh, phan bo thai lugng hgp li(5 dilm/100) Thdi lugng eOng Id mdt yl'u to quan trgng dgy hgc Gid dgy td't khdng t h i Id gid thua hoy khdng du thdi gian hodc sy phdn bd gii/o cdc phdn, cdc hogt ddng thieu hgp li, thieu trgng tdm md phdi the hiln sy phdn bd thdi lugng cho mdi phdn nhd bdi hgp If, cd trgng tdm 11) Co bien phap ddnh gia kit qud gia hpc t6't(5/]d0 dilm) Bien phdp ddnh gid ket qud sou mdt vdi Hit hgc vua giup cho GV vd SV ndm dugc kit qud ban ddu Iqi vua cung cd Iqi nhung diem co bdn, chfnh yl'u euo bdi hgc Cd Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki 7/2011) the GV dung hlnh thuc trde nghiem khdch quon di kilm tra nhdn thuc ndi dung bdi hoc a SV, cung cd the Id, ylu cdu SV tdm tdt nhanh nhung dieu thu nhdn dugc Td't nhiln, mudn Idm tdt dieu ndy, GV cung phdi ddu tu thdi gian de cd dugc bien phdp tdt Ldu nay, vile ddnh gid gid dgy thudng dugc coi Id «quyln" cua ngudi dy gid, md khdng quon tdm dl'n edm nhdn euo nhdn vdt trung tdm Vl vdy, di gid dqy hgc thye sy coi «ngudi hgc Id trung tdm", SV edn dugc tham gia vdo vile ddnh gid gid hgc (1) Dd chfnh Id \] l l SV hdi Idng ve Hit hgc quo khdo sdt bdng «Phil'u trde nghilm nhanh" ngudi td chuc dy gid thye hiln Cdc muc ehu yl'u cd t h i Id: muc rdt thu, ylu thfeh Hit hgc (5 dilm); muc hdi Idng v l Hit hgc (3 diem); muc khdng thu nhung vdn hoe dugc (2 dilm); muc khdng hdi Idng v l tilt hgc (0 dilm) Nhu vdy, de lugng hdo kit qud gid dqy hgc, cd the Idy diem trung binh cdng euo nhung ngudi dy gid hodc ban gidm khdo nhdn he so 2, cdng vdi trung blnh cdng dilm thdm dd muc hdi Idng cua todn t h i SV dy hgc nhdn he so vd chia Tieu chf ddnh gid gid dgy hgc euo GV dugc xdy dyng theo Hnh thdn ddi mdi PPDH tren ddy dd ddm bdo tfnh khoa hoc ve PPDH Tieu chf ndy se Id hlnh mdu cho GV hudng tdi, phdn ddu nhdm ndng cao chd't lugng gid dgy hgc tren Idp, gdp phdn ndng coo chd't lugng gido dye d DHCO hien nay; Id chd dya de ddnh gid chd't lugng dgy hgc euo GV vd diem tya vi/ng chdc cho cdc ban gidm khdo hgl thi GV dgy gidi d trudng OH, CD.Q (1) TrSn Ba Ho^nh Li luan co ban vk day va hoc tich ciTc Dir an dao tao giao vien trung hpC ca sd, H.2003 Tai lieu tham khao Vu van Tao Day each hoc Du an dao tao giao vien trung hpc ca sd, H.2003 Wilbert J McKeachie Nhung thii thudt dgy hoe, cdc chiin lucre, nghiin ciiu vd li thuyit ve dgy hoc ddnh cho cdc gidng viin dgi hoc vd cao ddng Dir an Viet - Bi (Dao tao giao vien cac trirang su pham tinh miSn niii phia B^c Viet Nam) Bernd Meier Cde phuong phdp dgy hoc hiin dgi bde cap ddng vd dgi hoc Dir an dao tao giao vien 2002 # ... nhieu so vdi GV khdng y thuc Hg se thdng minh hon, nhanh nhgy hon, cd khd ndng hogt dgng trf tul cao hon so vdi khd ndng vd''n ed Od cung chfnh Id myc Hiu ddo tgo eon ngudi cho xd hdi hiln dqi hdo... ddm bdo tfnh khoa hoc ve PPDH Tieu chf ndy se Id hlnh mdu cho GV hudng tdi, phdn ddu nhdm ndng cao chd''t lugng gid dgy hgc tren Idp, gdp phdn ndng coo chd''t lugng gido dye d DHCO hien nay; Id... dgy hoe, cdc chiin lucre, nghiin ciiu vd li thuyit ve dgy hoc ddnh cho cdc gidng viin dgi hoc vd cao ddng Dir an Viet - Bi (Dao tao giao vien cac trirang su pham tinh miSn niii phia B^c Viet Nam)