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MOT SO BIlN PHAP NANG CAO Kl NANG DAY HOC HOA NHAP • • « O ThS NGUYEN THI LAM* Hda Binh Id mdt trong nhCrng tfnh dang triln khoi gido dye hda nhdp (GDHN), trong dd cd bde mdm non Do nhdn thuc cua xd h[.]
MOT SO BIlN PHAP NANG CAO Kl NANG DAY HOC HOA NHAP ã ã ô O H da Binh Id mdt nhCrng tfnh dang triln khoi gido dye hda nhdp (GDHN), dd cd bde mdm non Do nhdn thuc cua xd hdi ve tre khuylt tdt (TKT) chua cy the; ndng lye, trinh chuyen mdn, kinh nghiem eua gido vien (GV) ve GDHN cdn hqn che; qud trinh ddo tqo sinh vien (SV) thieu cq xdt vdi thye tiln nen hieu qua GD chua dqt nhu mong mudn Dqy hoc hda nhdp (DHHN) ddi hdi GV phdi cd nhung kiln thuc, kr ndng (KN) rieng nhu: tim hieu khd ndng, nhu cdu TKT; Idp ke hoqch GD cd nhdn; vdn dyng cdc KN ddc thu (chu ndi Braille, ngdn ngQ kf hieu, djnh hudng di chuyen, ) dqy cd hoi ddi tuqng cung mdt Idp hoc, Vdi mong mudn cdc Idp DHHN dqt duqc ehd't luqng cao, mdi HS Idp deu duqc phdt trien tdi phdm ehd't, ndng lye cua minh, chung tdi de xud't bien phdp sou nhdm ndng coo KN DHHN cho SV GD mdm non Trudng CDSP Hda Binh: Hudng ddn KN Idp ke hoqch GD ed nhdn eho TKT Thye tiln GDHN bde mdm non d tinh Hda Binh cho thdy nhu cdu cd'p thiet cdn phdi ndng cao trinh do, ndng luc DHHN cua SV GD mdm non Trudng CDSP Hda Binh; giup SV trudng ed KN Idp ke hoqch, td chuc cdc hoqt ddng GD, dqy hoc phu hqp; xde djnh rd myc tieu GD, de phuong phdp, cdch tien hdnh de dqt duqc myc tieu vd chi nhCrng djch vy hd trq cdn thiet, ddp ung nhu cdu cua tre Ke hogch GD cd nhdn bao gom: Ndi dung hogt ddng: 1) The chdt: sy phdt triln t h i chdt, ehllu cao, cdn ndng, cdm gidc co t h i , khd ndng vdn ddng; 2) Phdt triln nhdn thuc: tri gidc, trf nhd, tudng tuqng, h/ duy, suy nght, phdn tfch, tdng hqp, hilu v l eon ngudi, mdi trudng xung quonh, hqe tdp, ; 3) Phdt triln khd ndng ngdn ngu, giao Hep: hllu ngdn ngu (ndl, vIet, kf hieu, ), bilu dqt ngdn ngu (ndi, viit, kf hieu); giao tiep ed ldi vd khdng ldi; 4) Phdt trien KN xd ThS NGUYEN THI LAM* hdi: mdi quon he giOo tre vdi bqn be, gia dinh, cdng ddng; hdnh vi ung xu, cdm xuc, tinh cdm ; 5) Phdt triln khd ndng hda nhdp: xdy dyng mdi trudng thdn thiSn giuo TKT vdi tre binh thudng, GV vdi t r i , GV vol GV, nhd trudng vdi cdc luc luqng GD vd ngodi nhd trudng; tqo co hoi cho t r i duqc tham gia, dd'i xu binh ddng nhu mqi t r i ; d) Mdi trudng GD: sy quon tdm ho trq eua GV; sy hqp tdc hd trq cua cdc bqn; ndng luc tham gia cua glo dinh; co so vdt chdt trudng Idp, dd dung, dd choi Ben cqnh ndi dung hoqt ddng, ke hoqch GD cd nhdn cdn neu rd: Cdch tien hdnh (bien phdp, dieu kien de thye hien hoqt ddng dqt kit qud); Thdi glan thye hien (thdi glan hodn thdnh noqt ddng); Ddnh gid ket qud Cdch thuc hien: Xde dinh ede yeu to vd Idp ke hoqch Ke hoqch GD ed nhdn eho TKT phdi chi tilt h>ng thdng, h>ng hqe ki vd ed ndm hoc De thye hien cdc myc tieu GD dd d l ra, GV phdi thiet ke, dilu ehinh ede hoqt ddng GD vdo tung mdn hqe, h>ng bdi hqe; tqo co hdi, ddng vlln, khuyen khfch tre tham gia hoqt ddng Thdng qua sy tdc ddng phu hqp tren Idp, giup tre ndng coo nhdn thuc vd phdt trien khd ndng giao tiep He thd'ng kiln thuc, KN duqc xdy dung h> muc don gidn d i n muc khd/cao hon Cdc nhlem vy duqc chia nhd thdnh cdc bude vd thuc hien h>ng bude, h>ng phdn nhd Tuy h>ng tre vdi nhung khd ndng, nhu cdu khde nhou md xde djnh sd luqng cdc bude nhilu hoy ft de dqt myc tieu mong mudn Thiet k l vd td chuc cdc hoqt ddng duqc dien nhilu mdi trudng khde nhdm tdng sd luqng kien thuc cung nhu tdng muc thdnh thqo ede KN eho tre Xdy dyng ke hoqch chuyen tiep v l thdi gion, vf dy giua hai hqe ki, hai thdng, hoy chuyen tiep v l kien thuc, KN mang tfnh cung ed vd iTnh hdi tri thuc mdi t h i hien nhung hoqt ddng phong phu, logic vd tre thu tham glo * Trtfdng Cao dang sir pham Hoa Binh Tap chi Giao due so cki i y/2011) Dieu ehinh chuong trinh dqy hqe phu hqp vdi khd ndng, nhu cdu TKT Cdn cu myc tieu, chuc ndng eua nhlem vy Cdc yeu td mdi trudng duoc thay ddi hieu qud the hien co bdn d hai ddu hieu: 1) Thiet ke tranh mdng tudng; 2) Khai thdc mdi trudng thdng tqo dieu kien cho cdc em phdt t r i l n h i t khd ndng cua minh GV DHHN phdi tudn thu cdc If ludn dqy hoc phd thdng If luqn DHHN phO hop vdi tre vd khuyen khfch tre hoat dong; khd ndng Idm dd dung, dd choi cua GV d l thudng ^^^^^ , ^ i ^ o mdi trudng hoc tdp; kinh nghiem :' j""SL t ^ V L i " 9'°L"' " ' ° ' ^''''*^"3' cac von 6e ve to chuc hoqt dqng hqe tdp vd xdy dyng mqng nqi dung, mong hoot dong; cac von 4;5 ^ 1-' L ' LL L-L J - ! ã ' L.ô I' de ve to chuc thye hien chu de; cac bien phdp ty qudn; kiem tra; hd tra cho viec hda nhdp xd hdi; »Ai [;&.,, wA k^^ lis «i u'LL'L tai lieu va hqe lieu; giao nhiem vu; nhung icieh thich v d s u ddng vien Cdch thi/c hienTrudc h i t , phdi xde dinh muc dfeh vd muc tieu GD cho tre frong qud trinh hoqt ddng GD vd djnh hudng k i t qud mong mudn cua tre cdc hoqt ddng GD chung Xde djnh ndi dung day hoc (cdc hoat ddng, chu de, bdi dqy) Xde djnh phuong phdp dqy hqe (PPDH) phu hqp TKT Lya ehqn vd thiet k l d i l u chinh: Cdch tien hdnh GD, bdi hoc, xdy dyng chien luqc gidng dqy, myc tieu cy t h i cho tung bdi dqy, ndng cao mdi trudng the chdt vd xd hdi Idp hoc, thiet ke vd d i l u ehinh Iqi hqe lieu, luo chqn sy giup do, gidm sdt vd hudng ddn phu hqp vdi dqc diem trinh nhdn thue, KN vd hdnh vi cua TKT (neu sy dieu chinh tren chua co hl^u quo cdn thiet Ice Joi; sou quo trinh dieu chinh phai danh , L ' j.-t L' Ll gio hieu quo dieu ehinh) ^ T « ' LJ - J*-' I L ' L ^\L' Tren CO so nhunq doe diem khoe nhou ve kha ndng, nhu cdu, sd thfeh eua tre, cdn cu vdo ndi dung eua mdn hoc, bdi hoc, Idp hoc hda nhdp ed t h i dp dung mdt cdc cdch d i l u chinh: phuong phdp ddng loqt, da trinh do, trung Idp gido d n , thay the Chu y: Viec ghl nhd kiln thuc cua tre khdng chi thdng quo viec gidng gidi, hudng ddn cua GV md cdn qua cdc hoqt ddng khdc, vi vdy GV phdi thay ddi hinh thue, PPDH Yeu cdu quan trqng nhd't Id GV phdi dqy theo cdch hqe cua tre, chu y quon sdtvd phdt hien duqc nhu cdu, khd ndng, thu vd cdm xuc cua tre tham glo vdo hoqt ddng de dieu ehinh PPDH phu hqp Cdn chu y d i l u ehinh v l tdc hudng ddn, so luqng vd muc khd eua kiln thuc, muc vdn dyng k i l n thuc cua GV khai thdc y tudng cua tre; thay ddi ^^, ^^^^ ^u hop vdi each lua chon hoot ddng iL^^U'jIr-n L i i- ' - ^ ->.'.; ttieo ciiu de GD; phong tue tap quon va moi truonq • 4k ^ ° " cua jo p uong Ngoai ro, thay doi each gioo nhiem vu ,^ ., > ^ , i < > x ' , ' Cung mqt nhlem vy, thuqc vao moi tre mo ' ° ° ^^^^9 plidn viec khdc nhou Cung mdt ndi ^lung, theo khd ndng tung tre de gidi hqn thdi ' ° " ^ ° ° " ^°"^' ^° ' ^ ^ " fong viec yd muc l^'®" ^^^"J'c- Them vdo d d , cdn thay ddi cdch trq giup thfeh hqp vdi tre Bdi dudng KN su dyng dd dung, phuong Hen G D vd DH phu hqp vdi TKT Su dyng 66 dung, phuang tien GD vd DH phu hqp vdi TKT, nhdm giup tre nhqn b i l t duqc khdi niem, Idm tdng hieu qud cua qud trinh nhdn thuc d tre, giup tre thu nhdn duqc k i l n thuc ve dd'i tuqng thye t i l n khdeh quon Nhifng yeu cdu ve dd dung vd phuong fj§p Q\^' Va/ ire khle'm thi: 1) Gidy v i i t , sdch chu ndi Braille, sdch truyen tranh hinh ndi, sdch ndi, bd ^ j ^ H , bd dd choi, bdng v l l t chu ndl, dui 'i L » - L- L L^ i' L ' LViet, bo ve hinh, ban tinh soropan, may chu / L » ' L >» o i c L L - ^ ' L^ (cho tre bi mu); 2/Sach phong to, sach truyen ' • • / ' i _ i i « A.;, f ° " V P ^ ° " ! ° / ^ ^ " ' ^ l^/ ^, P^^^dJ^en DH, ' ' ' T ' ^ ^ '^^'"'? ^ ° " ' butvletchuyen dyng, gid vIet (cho tre nhin kern) ^ ^ j ^'f ^^f"" '^'"^•' f ° c | i ngdn ngu kf hieu, I ^ " " ' " • ' 1^' ™^^, sdch hinh vd khdi niem, mdy ^""q thfnh, bd 6Q dung dqy hqe Vdi tre chdm phdt trien tri tue: bd tranh hinh, bd 66 dung hqe tdp bdng nhyo, bd Idp ghep, sdch gido khoa bieu tuqng, Ngodi ra, cdn cd: bd sdch luyen phdt dm, bdng luyen phdt dm, tdp dqc, bdng hinh luyen phdt dm, bd phuong tien hd trq phdt dm (de phdt trien ngdn ngu vd giao tilp); but v i i t chuyen dyng, bd 66 choi cho TKT vdn ddng, gid d d , g h l eho tre ngdi hoc, bd phuong tien phdt trien vdn Tap ciii Giao due so (ki i y/2011) ^^ ddng, gidy vllt chuyen dyng, (dl phdt triln khd ndng vdn ddng) Cdch thuc hl$n: De ddm bdo ed dd diing, phuong tiln eho tung dqng TKT, GV cdn tfnh din ede ngudn: ngudn duqc cung cdp tdi trudng hqe tu Bd GD-DT; ngudn GV ty thilt kl, ty Idm bdng nhung phuong tiln sdn ed, r l tiln vd huu fch tqi dja phuong; ngudn tim kllm, suu tdm Vi§c su dyng dd dung, phuong ti$n phdi tudn theo cdc quy djnh: Dung myc dich: mdi 66 dung, phuong tl§n cd mdt chuc ndng rl§ng, phdi duqc su dyng phu hop vdi muc dfeh eua cdng vigc qud trinh GD vd DH.' Dung luc: trinh bdy vdo luc cdn thilt, luc HS cdn nhdt, mong mudn nhd't duqc quan sdt, gqi nhd h-qng thdi tdm If phu hqp nhd't Mqt 66 dung, phuong tidn phdt huy hlSu qud coo nd duqc su dyng vdo dung luc ndl dung vd PPDH thu vd ddc dilm hoqt ddng nhdn thuc cua tung dqng TKT D6 dung, phuong tien DH ch? cd hieu ud tri thfeh thu khdm phd, nhdn thuc vol dd Ong, phuong tien dd (nen ehqn nhOng tranh dnh, mdu vdt, hdp ddn, hay td them nhung dudng nit, mdu sdc d l gdy chu y, tqo cho HS thO ndl, trao ddi, h> dd tqo nhu cdu giao tilp cho tre) D l si> dyng 66 dung DH cd hilu qud, GV chudn bj mdt he thd'ng cdu hdi nhdm myc dfeh md rdng vdn tu, kich thfeh trf tudng tuqng, trf nhd, tu sdng tqo vd khd ndng nhqn bilt cho tri Dd dung, phuong tiln duqc su dyng DH phdi ddm bdo tfnh khoa hqe, tfnh chfnh xde vd tfnh thdm mT, ddm bdo cho HS tidp thu duqc kiln thuc, kr ndng, kT xdo, giup cho GV truyen dqt mdt cdch thudn k7l cdc kiln thuc phuc tqp, kT xdo toy nghi vd phdi phu hqp vdi PPDH phdt huy tfch eye chii ddng cua HS Cdc bi§n phdp ndng coo ndng lye DHHN cho cdn din SV GD mdm non k l tren dd duqc Men khoi co Dung eho: vj trf trinh bdy hqp If nhdt, giup HS hl§u qud d Trudng CDSP Hda Binh vd cdc hiramg ngdl d mql vj trf Idp hqe cd thi tiep nhdn mdm non tinh de thye hien xd hdi hda GD thdng tin h> ede 66 dung, phuong tlĐn bdng nhilu vol moi tri em ã gidc quan Ddng thdi phdi ddm bdo ede yeu cdu v l chieu sdng, thdng gid vd ede yeu cdu kl thuqt Tai liSu tham khio dqc biet khdc Bd tri d vj trf ddm bdo on todn eho BO GD-DT Quytft djnh ban hknh chuong trinh khung giao due dai hpe trinh dO cao ding su pham GV vd HS, ddng thdi phdi khdng dnh hudng din nganh giao due mIm non 2007 cdc Idp khde Phdi ed't dd dung, phirong tien chua Le van T ^ (chij bien) Giao due hoa nhfip tre khuyd dung hoqc dd dung rdi 6i h-dnh Idm phdn tdn tu tat bde tieu hQC NXB Lao ddng xd h^i H 2006 tudng vd sy tdp trung chu y cua HS Dd'l vdi dd NguySn Hihi Chau - Nguyfin Van Cudng - Trdn Ba dung, phuong tien luu glu bdo qudn phdi duqc Hoanh - Nguygn Ba Kim - Lam Quang Thi^p Sach sdp xIp mdt cdch ngdn ndp, khoa hqe, giup GV trgr giing giiip giang vi£n cao ding sir pham NXB vd HS de thdy, de Id'y, d l su dyng Dgi hge suphgm, H 2007 Dung muc: thdi glan su dyng phu hqp, phu NguySn Xuan Hai Gido d^c hpe tri khuylt t^t hqp vol y§u cdu eua bdi hqe, PPDH, nhu cdu, NXB Gido d^c Viit Nam, H 2009 TRI^NUlMQUCfCTf tien ti^n DOy cOng k) d|p d^ cdc doanh nghicp, • phgc hge dudng Cdc hogt dOng tgi tridn | t(( chiic gido dgc tim hi^u ti^p nhOn ySu cdu Idm: trung bdy sdn phdm vd djdi vg; hOi | aeOD) VIETNAM2011 vg d6 dOng, dd choi, thi^t bj dgy hge vd sdn thdo vd TBGD; gOp gd^, troo ddi tim hieu | (VIET-EDU EQUIPMENTS phdm phgc vg gido dgc tO cdc ca quon qudn nhu cdu vd TBGD; trao thudng cho ede son i 2011)doHi$phOiTBGD If gido dgc, trudmg hge, cdc b^c phg huynh vd ' phdm tidu bidu Nhdn dip ndy, tridn Idm sg | Vi^t Nam phdi hgp vdi Cdng ti Cd phdn td hge sinh I bdn hdng gidm gid phgc vg khoi gidng ndm j chuc sg ki^n vd HOi chg todn cdu se td Ddi tugmg thorn gio tri^n Idm gdm cdc I hge mdi • chuc tir ngdy - / / 1 , tgi Trung don vi sdn xudt, kinh doanh TBGD, co quon I Dd chudn bi tdt cho trien lorn, ngdy i tdm HOi chg tridn Idm Vi$t Nam, nhdm qudn If cdc cdp, cdc sd GIHIT, cdc don vj cung | / / 1 , BO GD-OT tdchue Hdi thuc ddy viOc hOi nhOp qudc t^ Finh cdp dich vg cho 6IH)T vd cdc td chOc GD qudc | nghi cung cdp thdng tin ca bdn ndi tren eho vgc TBGD, ddng thdi Id co hOi tdt cho cdc td ilnh v ^ tning bdy boo gdm: sdn phdm | dgibiduedevg,vlOn,SdrGD^)THdNOi,cdc doanh nghiOp sdn xudt, kinh doonh dd TBGD ddnh cho bOc hge mdm non, phd thdng, | ca quon bdo ehi vd dgi dien ede doonh nghi§p dung, dd choi, thidt bi dgy hge vd _ dgi hge vd coo ddng; thidt bi tin hge; cdc md | ed lien quon I ngodi nude gidi thiOu, qudng bd cdc TBGD j hinh ddo tgo; SGK, sdch thorn khdo; i P.V I THIE'T Bj GlAO DUC Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 7/2011) ... ndng nhqn bilt cho tri Dd dung, phuong tiln duqc su dyng DH phdi ddm bdo tfnh khoa hqe, tfnh chfnh xde vd tfnh thdm mT, ddm bdo cho HS tidp thu duqc kiln thuc, kr ndng, kT xdo, giup cho GV truyen... dgibiduedevg,vlOn,SdrGD^)THdNOi,cdc doanh nghiOp sdn xudt, kinh doonh dd TBGD ddnh cho bOc hge mdm non, phd thdng, | ca quon bdo ehi vd dgi dien ede doonh nghi§p dung, dd choi, thidt bi dgy hge vd _ dgi hge vd coo ddng; thidt... sdch ndi, bd ^ j ^ H , bd dd choi, bdng v l l t chu ndl, dui ''i L » - L- L L^ i'' L '' LViet, bo ve hinh, ban tinh soropan, may chu / L » '' L >» o i c L L - ^ '' L^ (cho tre bi mu); 2/Sach phong