JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No 5, pp 147 153 M O T SO V A N D E V E C H U O N G T R I N H GIAO D U C P H 6 T H O N G M O N HOA HOC Cao Thi Thang Vien Klioa hoe Gido d,uc Viet Nam, E mail ea()th[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Vol 56, No 5, pp 147-153 M O T SO V A N D E V E CHUONG TRINH GIAO D U C P H T H O N G M O N HOA HOC Cao Thi Thang Vien Klioa hoe Gido d,uc Viet Nam, E-mail: ea()thang.hoa@grnail.com Tom tat ChUdng trinh gido due phi thong mon Hoa hpc tfl ldp - 12 dang dugc trien khai d cac trudng trung hgc phi thong Viet Nam Viec ting ket kinh nghiem, danh gia qua trinh xay dung va phat triin chudng trinh la mgt viec lam cdn cdn thiit di dk xudt dinh hudng phat triin chudng trinh mdi sau nam 2015 Bdi bao dg cap dgn qui trinh phdt triin chUdng trinh giao due thong, mon Hoa hgc; diiu kien h6 trd cung nhu sir hdp tac gifla cdc cd quan phdt triin chUdng trinh vd mot s6 y kien ddnh gia chUdng trinh hoa hoc dUdc triin khai theo nghi quyit 40/2000/QHlO cua Quic Hpi Md dau Chudng trinh gido diic phd thong mon Hda hgc tfl ldp 12 da dugc triin khai dai tra trgn todn qudc din da dugc nam Viec tdng kit kinh nghiem vd danh gia bfldc dau chudng trinh hda hgc se la mgt nhflng cd sd quan trgng gdp phdn diiu chinh day hgc hda hgc giai doan hien theo dinh hudng gidm tdi vd triin khai ddi mdi chuong trinh va sach gidd khda Hda hgc giai doan sau 2015 theo dinh hudng dap flng veu cdu eua xa hgi X'iet Nam giai doan mdi theo chu trUdng eua Chinh phu vd Bd Gido di.ic & Ddo tao 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n cufu Qua trinh thi/c hien va k i t qua dat dUdc ttf chu'dng t r m h giao due ph6 thong mon Hoa hpc * vi qui trinh to chUc doi mdi chiidng trinh hda hgc Theo sfl chi dao cua Chinh phii va Bd Giao due k Dao tao, chfldng trinh giao due phd thdng cac mdn hgc ndi chung vd mdn Hda hgc ndi rigng da dugc xdy dflng va hoan thien theo mot qui trinh tuong ddi chat che, dam bao sfl lign thdng tfl cap tiiu hgc, trung hgc cd sd din cap trung hgc phd thong Qui trinh gom cdc bfldc chii yiu sau day: 147 Cao Thi Thang IMk ] Danh giii chUdng Irinh hda hgc hien hdnh (chfldng trinh cai each giao due) tfl ldp 12 Ndi dung da dflgc- phdng bg mdn Hda hgc-, Vien Khoa hgc giiio due (\'ie7n Cliic'n brge- vd Chfldng trinh gido due) thfle- hie;^n tfl cuoi nhflng nSm 90 Clia the ki XN Bitdc Tham khao chfldng trinh hda hgc- nflde ngoai Ngi dung da dfldc phe5ng bd mdn Hda bgc, Viein Khoa hgc Gido due trfldc day va Vien Chiin litgc va CliUdng trinh gido due thuc hien tfl cudi nhflng ndm 90 eua the ki XX va mdt phan khudn khd cua dfl dn Phdt trien Trung hgc cd sd vd de an Trung hgc- phd thdng bao gom eliUdng trinh mdn Khoa hgc, mdn Hda hgc ndi rieng Dude :i Dk xuat dinh hudng xay dflng chfldng trinh hda hgc- Viet Nam: Tfl tfldng ddi mdi eliUdng trinh hda bgc Viet Nam, quan diim phdt tric'^n \ii xay dflng chfldng trinh hda hgc trung hgc c;d sd va trung hgc phd thdng \'ien Chiin Ifldc vd ChflOng trinh gido due- nghien cflu vd hodn thie^ui Bicdc 4- Phdt triin chfldng trinh hda hgc thi diim cap trung hgc cd sd va trung hgc phd thdng dude thflc hien theo nhflng dinh hfldng cua NQ 40/2000 ciia Quoc hdi theo sfl chi dao ciia Ban chi dao ddi mdi chfldng trinh va sach giao khoa (SGK) Thfl trudng Bg Gido due & Dao tao lam trudng Tiiu ban Ngi dung chfldng trinh di.r thao thi diim da dugc lay y kiin gdp y cua cac chuygn gia gido vien (G\'), can bg qudn li gido diic (CBQLGD), cdc nha khoa hgc da dfldc Hdi dong thdm dinh Qudc gia mdn Hda hgc thdng qua dong thdi Idy y kien qua cdc pliUdng tien thdng tin dai chung nhu Bdo Gido due vd Thdi dai, y kien eiia cac Sd Giao due & Dao tao (GD & DT) trgn pham vi todn quoc Budc Bg trfldng Bg GD & DT phe duvet chfldng trinh thi diim mdn Hda hgc di triin khai bign soan SGK theo chfldng trinh thi diim SGK thi diim dfl thao da dflgc cdc chuygn gia, giao vien, can bg quan li gido di.ic, cac nha khoa hgc, gdp y va Hdi ddng thdm dinh (HDTD) Quoc gia mdn Hda hgc thdm dinh Dude Triin khai thfl nghiem chfldng trinh va SGK thi diim nam tai mdt sd trfldng dia phudng diii dien cho cdc vung miin tren ea mrdc di Idy y kien Clia cdc G\' tri.rc tiip day hgc Budc Hoan thien chudng trinh thi diim \-ii dfla van ban cuoi cung dfla trgn kit qua thfl nghiem \ an ban hoan thien chfldng trinh mon Hda hgc dfldc lay y kiin cua cac chuyen gia, GX CBQL GD tren tddn quoc, cjua cac vong thdm dinh cua HDTD Qudc gia mdn Hda hgc, dflgc dfla lgn cdc phfldng tien thdng tin dai chung di Idy y kiin Bd trfldng Bd GD k DT da ki quyet dinh ban hanh chinh thflc chfldng trinh gido due phd thdng mdn Hda hgc tfl ldp 12 thdng nam 2006 Bude Hoan thien SGK tfl ldp - thi diim can cfl vao chudn kien thflc ki ndng ciia chfldng trinh hda hgc phd thdng da dfldc ban hdnh SGK mdn Hda hgc dfldc Sfl gdp y cua cac chuyen gia, GV, CBQL GD va dugc HDTD Qudc gia mdn Hda hgc thdng qua 148 Mdt sd van di vi chuang trinh gido d\ic thdng mdn Hda hgc Budc Triin khai SGK mdi tfl ldp 12 tren cd nflde Budc 10 Ddnh gid Bg chfldng trinh vd SGK Hda hgc mdi tfl ldp -12 theo yen cdu ciia Qudc Hgi (triin khai tfl ndm 2008) Theo ddnh gid ciia cdc chuygn gia xdy dflng chfldng trinh mdn Hda hgc: Trong mdi bfldc phdt triin, hodn thien, triin khai thirc hien chfldng trinh vd sach gido khoa mdi cd nhflng ban chi nhat dinh nhflng phai ndi rdng day la mgt qui trinh phat triin chfldng trinh da tiip cdn dugc qui trinh phdt trien chfldng trinh gidd due thdng cua nhiiu nflde tign tien trgn the gidi vd la sfl phdt triin chfldng trinh qui md nhdt * Cdc bp chiidng trinh hda hgc hien Chuong trinh gidd due phd thdng mSn Hda hgc gdm: chudng trinh hda hgc THCS (ldp 8, 9), chfldng trinh hda hgc THPT (chfldng trinh chuan vd chudng trinh ndng cad) tfl Idp 10 12 - Chfldng trinh tfl chgn: Chfldng trinh tfl chgn THCS va THPT gom loai chu de: chu di bam sdt va chu di ndng cao - Chfldng trinh chuygn sau THPT: Danh cho cdc ldp chuygn Hda hgc d trfldng THPT chuyen Chfldng trinh giao due thfldng xuyen mdn Hda hgc THCS va THPT Cac chfldng trinh dugc bign soan dap flng theo ygu can muc tigu giao due phd thdng vd nhu cdu cua ngfldi hgc 2.2 D i l u kien h6 trcf va sU p h i i hdp giiJa cac cd quan d l thufc hien chUdng trinh va SGK mon Hoa hoc Cung vdi viec ddi mdi chudng trinh va SGK Hda hgc, cd rat nhiiu boat dgng dfldc chi dad hd trd, phdi hgp cua Chinh phu vd cac cd quan thugc Bg Giao diic & Ddo tao Dfldi day la mgt sd hoat dgng hd trd chu yiu * Ddi mdi phuang phdp day hoc Hda hoc: D6i mdi phfldng phap day hgc Hda hgc d trudng THCS, THPT, cad ding sfl pham (CDSP) va dai hgc sfl pham (DHSP) la mdt nhflng quan diim phdt trign chfldng trinh giao due phd thdng mdn Hda hgc Dinh hfldng ddi mdi phfldng phap day hgc hda hgc da dflgc thi hien phdn giai thich chfldng trinh mdn Hda hgc va cu thi hda d chudn kien thflc kl ndng mdn Hda hgc Vdn de da dugc quan triet ngi dung bdi dfldng thay sach tfl ldp din ldp 12 hodc cd nhflng Idp tap hudn cho cac GV cot can toan quoc Vu Gido diic Trung hgc va Cue nhd gido va Can bd quan li giao due td chflc * Ddi mdi ddnh gid kit qud hoc tap mdn Hda hoc: Ddi mdi danh gia kit qua hgc tap mdn Hga hgc la mot nhflng quan diim CO ban cua viec phdt triin cung nhu xay dflng chudng trinh mdn Hda hgc Nd da dflgc thi hien rd ngi dung gidi thich chuong trinh mdn Hda hgc va cu thi 149 Cao Tin Thang hda d chudn kiin thflc ki ndng mdn Hda hgc Van cii ddi mdi ddnh gid kit qua he?c tilp indn Hdii hgc cbl dUdc triin khai d cae- ldp tap hudn GV, can bd ehi dao cot Ciiu thiuH- dfl iiu phiit iTieu THCS, phdt triin T H P T , phat triin giao vieui THCS va T H P T de iiu T H P T Ink dudng tlmy siich ciic- ldp tfl ldp 12 Bg GD k DT ma (-11 th("' bl \l.i Giiio due- l i u n g hgc- va Cue Kliiio thi k Kiim dinh chdt Ifldng da triin khai eu thi d ki thi Tdt ngliic:>|) T H P T vil ki thi tuyin sinh DH, CD tfl nam 2007 * Tliict hi dgg hoc Hoa line: Bg Giao due N Dao tiio (bl lap Ban ehi diio vi van d i thiit bi day hgc ndi ehung dd ed thiet bi day hoe mdn Hda hg(- ndi rieng ddng thdi da xdy dfliig Vil tliiliu dinh danh muc cung nhu man thiet bi ebiy hgc Hda hgc- toi thieu de phuc vu cho ddi mdi ehudng trinh va SGK tfl ldp - 12 thi diim sau dd hoan thien Bg danh muc thiet bi tdi thiiu mon Hda hgc theo ehUdng trinh va SGK mdi * Mill dc cliudn tri ddt n.gii GV Hda Iwc mdt: Ciic- gidng vieui (GV) e:ua cilc: trUdng DHSP, CDSP da dfldc liuv ddng tham gia d i ndm bdt dugc viee- ddi mdi chUdng trinh va SGK Hda hgc phd thdng Cu thi Id dugc tham gia eac ldp tap huan vi ehUdng trinh va SGK THCS va T H P T ; tham gia bign sdan ehudng trinh hdac HDTD chudng trinh mdn Hda hgc; tham gia bign soan SGK Hda hgc bode HDTD cae SGK Hda hgc; tham gia gdp v cho chuong trinh \'a SGK mdn Hda hgc va lam bao cdo vien tai mot sd ldp tap huan bdi dfldng thay sdch tfl ldp 12 * Vai trd cua cdn hg chi dao hd mdn, GV diidng ldp: Cdc GV Hda hgc THCS vd T H P T da duge tham gia nhieu hoiit ddng cd lign quan din ddi mdi chfldng trinh vd SGK Hda hgc Cu the la tham gia cae ldp tap hudn vi chUdng trinh vd SGK d THCS va T H P T ; tham gia Hgi dong thdm dinh chudng trinh mdn Hda hgc; tham gia Hgi ddng thdm dinh SGK Hda bgc va tham gia gdp y cho chfldng trinh va SGK mdn Hda hgc * Vdn di td chitc hdi dudng GV thay ^dch Hda hoe td ldp 12: Viee td cbflc bdi dudng thay siicb nhin chung la tdt Dgi ngu eae Bdo cdo vien da phdn diu la tiie giii chUdiig trinh \ii SGK Ngi dung bdi dudng gdm: nhflng ndi dung mdi, khd ciia cliUdng trinh \ a SGK, vdn dk ddi mdi phudng phap, ddi mdi ddnh gid kit qua hgc tap, hudng ddn sfl di.ing thiit bi cua tflng ldp * Chi dao thuc ludn: Tfl (dp Trung Udng (Mi, Cue Vie^m) din dia phfldng (cac sd GD k DT, cdc phdng GD k DT, ciie trfldng phd thdng) tfldng ddi thdng nhdt * Hd tro ciia cdc dif im thudc Bd GD & DT: Yiee phat tric'-n chfldng trinh hda hgc mdi da dugc sir hd trg true t i i p cua mdt ,sd du an nhu Dfl an phat triin THCS I va II, Dfl an Phat triin T H P T , Du an Viet Bl pha I va II, * Su cdng khai ddn chu gdp phdn hodn thien chuang trinh vd SGK Hda hoc: 150 Mgt so vdn di vi chUOng trinh gido due phd thdng m,dn Hda hgc Trong viec Idy y kiin va trao ddi ve chfldng trinh va SGK cua cac gidd vign, nha giao due, cac td chflc xa hgi tren cdc phfldng tien thdng tin dai chung la mdt digm rdt mdi chua titng cd, gdp phan ndng cao chat Iflgng chuong trinh vd sdch gidd khoa mdn Hda hgc Trong lich sfl xay dflng vd phat triin chuong trinh mdn Hda hgc phd thdng qua cdc thdi ki thi lan ndy da thi hien sfl phii hgp tdt nhdt, sfl hd trd cung nhfl phdi hgp thi.rc hien gifla cdc cd quan, trfldng hgc cd lien quan, dam bad sfl thdnh cdng ddi mdi chfldng trinh giao due phd thdng cdc mdn hgc ndi chung vd mdn Hda hgc ndi rigng 2.3 Mot so Uu d i i m va han chi cua chUdng trinh giao due p h i thong mon Hoa hoc theo nghi quylt 40/2000 cua QuIc hoi 2.3.1 Mot so ufu dilm * Tinh thong nhdt chuang trinh gido due phd thdng mdn Hda hoc Lan dan tign chUdng trinh giao due phi thdng mdn Hda hgc dfldc xay dflng tUdng doi thong nhdt tfl THCS din THPT theo mot cdu true tUdng doi hgp li Chfldng trinh dugc thdng nhat ve quan diim xdy dflng va phdt triin chudng trinh mdn Hda hgc, thdng nhdt d ndi dung mdn Hda hgc, cdu true ngi dung chfldng trinh mon Hda hgc vd thong nhat d chudn kiin thflc, kl ndng mdn Hda hgc * Tinh he thdng, phd thdng, ca bdn, khoa hoc, tuang doi hien dgi vd thiic tiin Chudng trinh vd SGK mdn Hda hgc dam bao kiin thflc, kl ndng hda hgc chudng trinh, SGK la phd thdng, cd ban; dam bao tinh khoa hgc, tfldng doi hien dai; dam bao tinh thflc tiin, hgc di ddi vdi hanh Lan ddu tign sd tiit luygn tap, thflc hdnh cua bg mdn Hda hgc dfldc bad dam hgp II tad dieu kien che HS dugc dn tap kien thflc, ren luyen ki ndng, vdn dung kiin thflc hda hgc da hgc d mflc tdi thiiu va dam bao tiep can nhat dinh ve ngi dung va phfldng phap day hgc hda hgc so vdi chfldng trinh hda hgc cua mgt sd nflde khu vflc va thi gidi * Tinh phdn hda d THCS vd THPT Chung ta da xay dflng dflgc bfldc dau chfldng trinh mdn Hda hgc theo dinh hfldng phdn hda: Cd chfldng trinh va SGK Hda hgc THPT cd ban va ndng cao danh cho HS cd khuynh hudng KHTN vd KHXH k NV - Cd bg chfldng trinh hda hgc tfl chgn d THCS va THPT danh cho HS cd nguyen vgng hgc tfl chgn theo chu di bam sdt vd nang cao Cd bg chfldng trinh hda hgc THPT chuyen sau danh cho HS trfldng THPT chuygn mdn Hda * Djnh hudng ddi mdi phuang phdp vd ddnh gid kit qud hgc tap mdn Hda hgc 151 (Jiio Tin Thang Budc- dau the liii'ii el()i mdi phfleJng phdp va diinh gia kit qua hgc tap mdn Hdii bgc ngi dung giiii thich (hfldng trinh; he thong kiin thflc, ki ndng mdn Hoa hgc vii S G \ ' cung nhu SCJK Hda hgc- d c:iic- ldp dac- biet la d cap THCS * Th.Uc hien mue iien gido due plui tlidng, mue l.icii gido due cap THCS vd cdp THPT ChUdng trinh mon Hdii lige- giup HS dat dflgc he thdng kien thflc hda hgc phd thdng ed ban, hien did vil thiet tlurc tfl dem gian din phfle tap gdm: kien thflc cd ,sd hda hgc ehung; boa hgc vg (-(J vii lulii bgc- hflu ceJ ddng thdi dcit dudc he;' thdng ki nang lioii hoe i)hd thdng ed biin vil I hbi quen lam vi(;'(- khoa ho(- gom; ki nang hgc tap heia hgc; kl nang thfle- hiinh, thi iigbii'iii hdii bgc; ki nang van dung kiin thflc lioii hgc- c-ilng nhu rem lii\(;'ii thai tie:h circ- nhfl; hflng thu hoe tilp bo mdn Hda ho(-: y thfle triicli nhiem vdi ban than, vdi xil hgi vii egng dong; phiit bign va gicii eiu.M't \i\u de mot ea(-li khiiili eiuiiii, trung thfle- tn'-n cd sd jibdn tich khoa hgc va v thflc- vi;ui dung nhflng tri thfle hda bgc- da hgc \iio eiioc sdng vii \-aii dgng ngfldi khac cung thi.rc hien Lan ddu tign dd xay di.mg dugc- chudn kien thfle kl nang mon Hda hgc, ldm ed sd chd \ i("'c hoan thien SGK, SGV, sdch bdi tap (SBT) va chi dao day bgc d nha trudng phd thdng So vdi ciic- bd chudng trinh hda hgc trudc day e-budn kien thfle va kl ndng la diim mdi cdn ban, dinh hfldng ehd dil.^• bgc vd danh gid kit eiua day hgc mdn Hda hgc 2.3.2 M o t so h a n che Cung nhfl mgt sd mdn hgc khac, su phdn hda cua eliUdng trinh mdn Hda hgc cdn ban chi dd chi d hai mflc: e-budng trinh gido di.ic phd thdng va chuong trinh hda hgc T H P T ndng cao \'ic^(- triin khai chudng trinh tfl chgn hda hgc d ciie trudng tai cdc dia phfldng tlicxi hai Idiii clui d i cung cd nhflng ban chi nhat dinh \'iee e-dp nhat nhflng \iiii d i thi.re- tign cua e-iige song lao dgng va siin xudt hda hgc hang ngiiy vdn de liien ebii da dugc chu trgng nang cao nhflng vdn cdn hiin chi Chfldng trinh da chu v tdng cfldng lu.Ni^^n tap tlurc banh nhflng cdn chfla cd tiit bai tdp, tiet trii bai kiem tra 45 phut tiio dieu kien d i HS thfle- hanh van dung kiin thflc ren \uyeu kl nang \il tfl ddnh giii kit qua bgc tap CA' chua cd thdi gian de nhdn xet, danh gia kieu thfle-, ki ndng cho HS mdt each day du qua kit qua bdi kiim trii Phdn hda tlie^o \uiig, miin va theo nang lire HS da cd d phdn giai thich chUdng trinh Hda hgc nhung chUa dugc dc cap cu thi Mgt sd G \ ' d mdt so dia phUdng cdn cho rdng chUdng trinh hda hgc cdn ndng vi khdi Iflgng kiin thflc nhdt la chfldng trinh T H P T ndng cad mdn Hda hgc 152 Mgt sd vdn di vi chUdng trinh gido due phd thdng mdn Hdu hgc Ket luan Vdi qui trinh thfle hie^n tfldng ddi hdp li, vdi sir phdi hdp tUdng ddi chat che gifla cae cd ciuan nghien cflu, chi dao, diio tao vd bdi dfldng, cilc- bg chflOng trinh hda bgc phd thong da dugc xily dflng \il triin khai Tuy cdn mot sd ban (hi nhung vdi nhflng Uu diim clui viu da ngu trgn, ehueJng trinh gido due phd thong mdn Hda hgc vi cd ban dii ebi]) flng dugc nhflng veu cdu cua vicV ddi mdi ehUdng trinh vk SGK theo nghj eiu.vit 40/CJH2000 eiia Quoc hdi, gdp phdn ndng cao chat lugng giiio due toan dicui nhdm muc tieu ddo tao nhflng ngirdi lao dgng mdi theo \eu cdu ciia xil hgi Tu.\- nhien xil hgi Me^t Nam da va dang cd nhflng chuyin biin quan trgng dg e-d nhu cau mdi vi ngudn nhdn lire- Do dd \i(;^(- dap flng eiia gido due phd thdng ndi eluiiig chfldng trinh vd SGK Hda hgc noi rieng giai doiin mdi cung can dugc xem xet danh gid kluie-h quan dk chUdug trinh dUdc phdt triin ddp flng vdi nhflng thay ddi cua xd hgi nhdt la giai doan sau 2015 TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [1] Bg Giao due vii ddo tao, 2006 2010 Cdc bd chuong trinh: Gido due phd thdng mdn Hda hgc Chuang trinh THPT mdn Hda (chudn vd ndng cao), ChUcJng trinh tu chgn THCS vd THPT, Chuang trinh chuyen sdu THPT, Chuang trinh gido due thudng xuyen mdn Hda hgc Nxb Gido di.ic, Ha Ngi [2] Bg Giao due \a ddo tao Ddnh gid chuang trinh vd SGK mdn Hda hgc Nxb Gido due Ha Ndi [3] Vien Khoa hgc Gido due Met Nam, 2009 Bdo cdo viec thuc hien chuang trinh, SGK mdn Hda hoc theo nghi quyit 40/2000/QHlO cua Qudc hdi ABSTRACT S o m e issues on curriculum of Chemistry in General Education Curricula of Chemistry in General Education for classes - are implemented at Secondary Schools of Vietnam The assessment of process for curriculum development is necessary for proposal on new trend for curriculum development after the year 2015 The paper deals with recommendation on the procedure of curriculum development of Chemistry in General Education; rcommendation on the conditions of support and the cooperation between organizations in the curriculum development of Chemistry in General Education and assessment on some chemistry eurriculum, which have been implemented in the light of the Resolution 40/2000/QHlO of the National Assembly 153