I l l "HUdfNG Tdi KY NI|M 35 NAM THANH LijiP TRlT^NG DAI HQC NGAN HANG TP HCM" ^ ^ CHUYEN DOI PHl/OfNG PHAP GIANG DAY BAC DAI HQC iii LY LUAN DEN AP DUNG TAI VIET NAM TS Bui Thi Thanh DH Kinh te TP HC[.]
I l l "HUdfNG Tdi KY NI|M 35 NAM THANH LijiP TRlT^NG DAI HQC NGAN HANG TP HCM" ^ ^ CHUYEN DOI PHl/OfNG PHAP GIANG DAY BAC DAI HQC iii LY LUAN DEN AP DUNG TAI VIET NAM TS B u i Thi Thanh DH Kinh t e TP.HCM T rong nhUng ndm qua, gido due dai hpc d Vi^t Nam dd cd nhUng cdi cdch vd dd tg,o nhUng chuyen bien khd nhanh ve lUdng, song vi nhieu nguyen nhan ddn den chdt lUdng gido due dai hpc vdn cdn d trinh dg thdp Trong do, noi len hdng ddu Id phUdng phdp gidng dp,y nhdn td dnh hUdng quyet dinh den chdt lUdng gido due dai hpc chQ,m dUdc ddi mdi Mac dd thuyet gidng cd nhieu bdt cdp, nhUng vdn dUdc dp dung khd phd bien, gidng day tUdng tdc phd hpp vdi triet ly gido due hi^n dg,i, nhUng vi nhUng khd khdn ve dieu ki^n dp dung, nen chg,m dU^e nhdn rgng Do vdy, chuyen ddi phUcfng phdp gidng day tU thuyet gidng sang gidng dgy tUdng tdc Id cdp thiet nhUng cdn den mgt h^ thdng gidi phdp ddng bg, tU qudn ly vi mo den vi md, tU nhd trUdng den dgi ngd gidng vien vd sinh vien, thg,m chi cdn tinh den nhUng budc di qud dg Dat v a n de dao ddc, hieu biet rdng v l xd hdi va the gidi); (iii) Cdc ky ndng lap nghiep (entrepreneurial skills bao gdm lanh dao vd lam viec nhdm, 1dm ehu cdng nghe thdng tin va edc cdng nghe khdc ) Nghia la, triet ly g i a o due t r u y i n thd'ng dang ddng trUdc n h d n g dp lUe phai thay ddi NhUng thay ddi can b a n dang dien t r e n the gidi hien da lam cho tridt ly v l gido due dai hpc eua the ky 21 cd nhdng bidn ddi sau sac Dd la, gido due phai lay ngUdi hpc lam trung t a m vd phUdng cham "bpc thudng xuyen, hpc sud't ddi" lam n I n mdng, dUa t r e n cdc muc tieu tdng qudt cua Tuy nhien, t a i Viet Nam d thdi diem hien viec hpc la "hpc de bidt, bpc de lam, hpc nay, theo nhieu cdng t r i n h nghien cdu, de chung sdng vdi epng ddng va hoc de tdn sU b a t cap tU n h i l u phia, dd ndi bdt la tai" (UNESCO, 1996) Bao eao tdng hdp cua phUdng phdp giang day cham dUdc doi mdi, UNESCO (2003) cung da phan tich nhUng n e n mac du da ed n h d n g cai cdch nhifng thay ddi m a n h me ve b a n chat vd nhu e l u chat lUdng dao tao dai hpc van cdn d trinh cua the gidi vl viec lam, tU dd ddt yeu dp tha'p va chUa gdn l i l n vdi nhu elu xd hoi cau ddi vdi ede trUdng dai bpc de sinh vien Bdi t h e , ddi mdi giao due dai hpc ndi chung, ed the dUdng d i u trUdc nhUng ddi hdi eua ddi mdi phUdng phdp giang day ndi ri§ng n I n kinh te tri thdc (Ddo Hdu Hda, 2008) khdng chi Id mdt ta't ydu ma cdn cd'p thiet Dd la sinh vien e i n dUdc trang bi: (i) Cae hdn bao gid h e t Trong bai viet nay, sau tiem ndng de hpc t a p , nghien cdu (academic lam s a n g td a n h hUdng cd tinh quyet dinh capacities bao gdm tU phe p h a n , eua phUdng phdp giang day den cha't lUtfng g i a i quydt van d l , ndng lUc ddi mdi tU gido due dai hpc; ddnh gid cdc Uu nhUtfc vd hoc lai sud't cupc ddi); (ii) Cdc ky diem, cung thUc tien dp dung phUdng phdp ndng phdt t r i e n cd n h a n gdn kdt vdi xa hpi thuyet giang va giang day tUdng tdc (tu tin, quydt tam cao, tdn trpng cdc gid tri ede trudng dai hpc d Viet Nam, tdc gia difa Cdngnghe n g a n h d n g So 66-Thang 09/2011 "HUONG TOI KY NifM 35 NAM THANH LAP T R U & N G DAI HQC NGAN HANG TP HCM" mdt sd d l xuat lien quan den viec chuyen ddi phUdng phdp giang day bac dai hoc tai Viet Nam giai doan hien PhtTtfng p h a p g i a n g d a y - n h a n t o c o d n h hvtdng q u y e t d i n h de'n c h a t lifting giao due dai hoc Nghien cdu cua Yorke (1997) eho rdng, chat lUdng gido due dai hoc dUde quyet dinh bdi ndm n h a n to': ngudn lue phuc vu dao tao, ndi dung ehUdng trinh, n a n g lUc cua sinh vien, dich vu hd trd, uy tin cua nha trUdng Nghien cdu cua Fallow vd Steven (2000) sau dd dd cu the hda n h a n td' ngudn lUe phuc vu ddo tao b^ng cdc tieu chi cd b a n sau day: (i) Kien thdc tdt la giang vien phai cd kidn thdc chuyen sau ca v l ly thuydt lan thUe hdnh, ddng thdi ludn cap n h a t nhUng kidn thdc mdi; (ii) N a n g lUc giang day la giang vien phai t h u I n thue ca v l chuyen mdn lan ndng lUc truyen dat; (iii) Kinh nghiem thUe tien Id giang vien phai cd n h i l u t r a i nghiem 1dm phUdng t i e n chuyen t a i ede hien tUdng thUc te vdo phdng hpc; (iv) Hieu qua giang day Id giang vien k h d n g chi giang day ma quan t r p n g hdn Id bidt each giang day nhU the ndo de sinh vien linh hdi dUde kidn thdc; (v) Ky n a n g gdi md vd'n d l la giang vien phai bidt dUa sinh vien tiep can vdi vd'n d l c I n lam sdng td de kich thich n a n g luc tu cua hp; (vi) De g i n gui la giang vien ed tinh each hda ddng, t h d n thien de ldi cud'n, kich thich sinh vien bay td nhdng quan diem eua minh; (vii) San sang giai ddp Id giang vien phai d a n h mdt khoang thdi gian thich hdp cho viec giai ddp nhUng t h i c mdc eua sinh vien lieh t r i n h lam vi^c cua minh; (viii) Biet Idng nghe y kidn phe binh la giang vien phai biet tao nhdng ed hpi de n h a n dUdc sU chia se va gdp y tu phia ddng nghiep va sinh vien; (ix) Ky ndng thu h u t sinh vien la giang vi6n phdi n h a n h chdng p h a n loai dUde cdch hoc cua sinh vien de cd n h d n g hinh thdc sd dung vd t r u y i n d a t thdng tin phu hdp; (x) Nhdn cdch Id giang vien phai biet gid 11% minh, tdn trpng va ddi xd cdng bdng vdi sinh vien; (xi) Tdt nghiep tU edc trUdng dai hpc cd danh tidng; (xii) So lUdng bai bdo da dang va cdng trinh khoa hpc da cdng bd eua giang vien Nghien cdu eua Bigg (1999), Young (2003) da chdng minh cd mdi quan he r a t manh giUa phUdng phdp vd cdng nghe giang day vdi kdt qua hpc tap eua sinh vien (the hien kidn thdc va ky nang ma sinh vien linh hdi dUdc) thdng qua md hinh 3P (Hinh 1): tien lieu dau vao (presage) gdm edc dac diem eua sinh vien the hien d kidn thdc d i u vao, kha nang hpc tap, ddng cd hpc tap ; mdi trudng day hpc the hien d muc tieu dao tao, phUdng phap, cdng nghe giang day vd danh gid kdt qua bpc tap, mdi trUdng hpc t a p va cdc ydu td khdc cua trUdng dai hpc; qua trinh hpc tap (process) the hien each tiep can eua sinh vien viec linh hdi kidn thdc; kdt qua hpc tap (product) the hien cdc kidn thdc va ky ndng ma sinh vien nhan dUde sau mdt khda hpc Hinh 1: Mo hinh 3P ve g i a n g day va h o c t^ip D^c diem sinh vien I , ' Qui trinh hpctip Ket qua hpc tap ^ ^ - Moi truong day - hpc Nguon: Biggs J (1999) Nghien cdu cua Nguyin Dinh Thp va Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2009) vl cdc ydu td' ehinh tdc ddng vao kidn thdc thu nhan cua sinh vien khd'i ngdnh kinh td cho thd'y ndng luc giang vien (phan a n h ky n a n g giang day, each thdc td chde mdn hpc, mdc dp kich thich tUdng tdc giUa giang vien vdi sinh vien va giUa sinh vien vdi nhau) cd tde ddng r a t m a n h ea true t i e p (7=0.80, p