XAYDUNGVASilDPNGBAIPTOJill SINH npCVJIO DAY HOG SINH HOG OTRUCWG TRUNG HOC P H 6 THONG O PGS TS l e DlNH TRUNG" | d i tdp todn Sinh hge (BTTSH} edn duge gg! u d bdi tdp Sinh hgc dgng todn, dd Id dgng[.]
XAYDUNGVASilDPNGBAIPTOJill SINH npCVJIO DAY HOG SINH HOG OTRUCWG TRUNG HOC P H THONG O | d i tdp todn Sinh hge (BTTSH} edn duge gg! u d bdi tdp Sinh hgc dgng todn, d d Id dgng Wbd\ todn gdm phdn: gid thilt vd k i t ludn D6\ vdi nhung BTTSH dugc dOng Idm phuong H§n dgy hgc (DH) kien thuc mdi thi gid thiet vd k i t ludn d i u Id nhiJng vdn d l HS chua biet hode b i l t duge mdt phdn rd't nhd NhOng BTTSH su dyng d l dn tdp, cung ed, ndng coo kiln thuc vd kilm fro ddnh gid thi gid thiet cuo BTTSH d d dugc b i l t d ede bdl hoc fr&i Idp, luy th udc vdo myc dich DH md BTTSH eo muc dd khd khde Dd Kr Idu, BTTSH dugc su dyng | ^ d b l l n vdo ede khdu dn tdp, eung c d hodn thi§n k i l n thuc, ndng cao kiln thi>e vd k i l m tra ddnh gid Viec su dyng BTTSH vdo DH k i l n thuc mdi ehua dugc nghldn euu mdt cdch cd h§ thdng, hiSu qud chua coo Bdi v i l t ndy d l edp tdi tl§u chuan, quy frinh xdy dyng vd su dyng BTTSH vdo DH nhdm ndng eao gid trj eua nd vdo DH dgc biSt Id frong khdu DH klen thi>e mdi Tieu ehud'n x d y d y n g BTTSH v d o khdu DH kiSfn ihuc m d i Q u a qud frinh nghlSn euu, chOng tdi nhdn thdy de cd duge cdc BTTSH dua vdo DH k i l n ^ u e mdi hieu qud thi edc bdi tdp d d cdn dgt edc tieu ehud'n sou ddy: - Thye hien dugc cde mye Heu co bdn eOo bdi hge; - Lugng hod dugc cdc ndl dung co bdn eua bdl hgc; - Phdi ed du ngudn tu \iiu de HS fra ci>u fim h i l u gid thiet; - Hgp tnnh d d , tdm sinh If vd thdi lugng l§n Idp cua moi t i l t hgc; - Kfeh thieh dugc finh tfch eye hr gide cOo sd ddng HS frong Idp hgc; - Dam bdo sou gidi bdl todn se hinh thdnh dugc mdt lugng fri thi/e mdi PGS TS l e DlNH TRUNG" gen, k i l u hinh cuo tai mdt edp tinh frgng theo quy ludt 1:2:1 v l kieu gen vd (3:1} ve k i l u hinh Tr§n CO sd dd se hinh dung duge ddi vdi edp finh frgng cdc nhdn td di truyen phdn li rieng re, doc Idp vdi thi to se cd fi le kieu gen Id: (1:2:1 )= = 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1; k i l u hinh Id (3:1 P = : : : Tren co sd d d HS cd i h l h j khdi qudt tai nhieu edp tfnh trgng \'\ le kilu gen (1:2:1 )"vd fi le kieu hinh (3:1)" Tgo d i l u kiSn thugn Igl eho vi§c thyc hi§n bdi hgc theo hudng quy ngp hoy dien djch K i t hgp dugc hge li thuylt vdi thyc hdnh frong g i d hgc fren Idp Budc 2: Xay d y n g BTTSH bdng cdch tim cdc k i l n thu'c cy the cd bdi hge de xdy d y n g g i d t h i l t , tu d d de xud't ede kdt ludn cho mdi BTTSH Cdc yeu tdcuo gid thilt ehO y l u Id nhiJng k i l n thuc cd bdi hgc d d Id ede thdnh phdn tgo nen k i l n thue, eung cd t h i cd ede y l u td Id ede k i l n thuc d ede bdl hgc trude, hode dn tdng frong ede gid thilt d d neu Cdn luu y ede y l u td d gia t h i l t cua mdi bdl todn ddi vdi DH k i l n thuc mdi eung deu Id cde vd'n de HS ehuo b i l t edn phdi fim hieu qua tdi lieu sdch gido khoa (SGK) Vi d y , xdy dyng BTTSH de xde djnh edu fruc hod hgc cOo A D N cdc y l u td xdy dyng gid t h i l t d d Id cdc logi nueledtit, liSn k i t hod frj, lien k i t hydro, chleu coo eOa mgt chu ki xodn, khdi lugng frung binh eua mdt logi nucleofit, nguyen tdc b d sung, c h i l u ddi cua A D N , Cd the coi ddy Id cdc b d phdn tgo n§n mgt A D N duge thdo rdi vd ede dc vft Id edc lien k i t hod hgc, nguy§n tdc Idp rdp tgo Q u y frinh x d y d y n g BTTSH DH kidn thuc nen phdn h/ A N D hodn ehinh Id nguydn tde b d mdi sung Tu gid t h i l t d d GV xdy dyng cdc k i t lugn 8udc 1: Tu myc fiSu bdi hgc, xdc djnh cde cua BTTSH Cdc k i t lugn cua BTTSH chfnh Id cdc kiln thue ldi di xdy dyng cde BTTSH Trong bdi edu hdi dedjnh hudng nghiSn ei>u SGK hieu duge hge ed t h i cd nhieu ngi dung ta ehgn mdt ndi bdn ehdt pde yeu td ed mdt frong gid t h i l t , bdng dung eo bdn Idm d i l m tya d l h> d d bdi todn tu he thd'ng gdn ndi cdc gid t h i l t fim ro k i l n dugc xdy dyng cd the thyc hien duge n h l l u ngi thireedn hTnh hdi dung cOa bdi hgc V i dy DH Quy ludt phdn ll dge lap cua Men den, cdt try Id sy phdn li k i l u *Tn(0HgD9ih9CSirpli9nHaN(i Tap Chi Blao due so (ki i • 3/aoia) Budc 3: Kilm djnh gid trj BTTSH dugc xdy dyng dya tr3n cdc tigu chudn niu ro Sou edc BTTSH dugc xdy dyng, dd'i chilu Igl vdi cdc HSu chudn d l ro, d l ehtnh 5i>a, th§m, bdt ede ngi dung tgo ndn ngdn hdng BTTSH eho h/ng bdl hgc Quy frinh si) dyng BTTSH d ^ DH kilTn thi>c mdi Budc / ; Dua cdc BTTSH duge xdy dyng vdo philu hge tdp khm cdc chu ddn ey i h l vi$e dgc SGK (nlu ihdy edn thilt), cdc phldu hgc tdp ndy dugc ddnh sd' lhi> h; theo liln frinh ndi dung ki^n ihuc cua bdl hgc N l u cd h$ thd'ng mdy frinh ehllu thi c6 i h l frinh chilu t§n mdn hinh d l cd Idp thyc hl$n Budc 2: Giao Idn lugt cdc phiS'u hgc tdp eho HS theo frinh h/ bdi hgc Td chi/c HS ldm vlSe cd nhdn, d l fim hilu cdc y l u id dua frong gid thilt eOa mdi BTTSH h) SGK, tdi li$u GV cung cd'p (n^u edn} Ddy Id khdu biln edi ehuo biet thdnh cdi da bilt, vi^c fim hilu ede kiln thuc h/ SGK lOc ndy Id cSh thill, khdng t h i tbllu dugc Tuy nhiSn, v l ^ nghign a>u SGK Id ed djnh hudng h) cdc vd'n d l dijt gid thli't Tdp dugt cho HS cdch dgc SGK d l hilu dugc cdc yeu td n§u h> gid ihlll, theo thdi gion nghien cuu, cdc gid thiet ngdy cdng dugc HS Idm sdng td Den mdt thdi dilm ndo dd du d l thyc hi$n ede cdu hdi cdn frd ldi h> ket lugn cuo BTTSH budc ndy ihudc vdo frinh dg nhdn thuc cuo HS md cd sy phdn hod qua viee ty hgc h> SGK HS s§ h/ gidi quyit cde kdt ludn hinh thdnh cde fri ihuc ban ddu cho bdn thdn vdi ndng lye ihyc sy cOa minh, qua dd d l xudt cdc thdc mdc chua gldl quydt duge vdi mi>c dg chudn xdc theo ySu edu mye tieu bdl hgc nSu Vf dy DH Bdi 18 - Myc II Qud frinh nguyen phdn - Sinh hgc 10 (SH 10) N$l dung co bdn d ddy HS phdi ndm dugc dde dilm d mdi ki cOa phdn bdo nguySn phdn md dilm mdu ehdt Id diln blln v l so lugng nhiem sdc thi (NST) d moi ki d l ndm dugc khdi niem eo bdn eua nguySn phdn 2n—^^^4n—'*"''"'->2n GV giao cho HS philu hgc tdp frong dd ed ldi hudng dan vd ngi dung BTTSH nhu sou: Hdy dgc mye II - Qud trinh nguySn phdn (Bdl 18 SH 10) xdc djnh dde d i l m cOa moi ki rdi thyc hi$n BTTSH sou: Gid su mgt te bdo sinh dudng (2n) cd bg NST dugc ki hi^u AaBb (moi chu cdi duge ki hiSu Id m$l NST don) Viet ki hi$u bd NST d cdc ki: ki trung glan; ki frudc; kl giua; Id sou vd kl cud'l HS h/ nghiSn ci/u n$i dung phdn nguyen phan frong SGK vd hilu d$c dilm eo bdn eOa mdi kl ve m^t hinh thdi vd sd lugng NST; Vilt bd NST d o k ki frong bdi todn cy thi dd eho Sou hodn thdnh nhiSm vy dd, HS tllp tye thdo ludn nhdm vd thdo lugn k ^ d l thd'ng nhd't phuong dn frd ldi GV khdng djnh tinh dung ddn cdc kit qud nSu ro Kel qud Id h> vife nghiSn euu SGK, HS da vilt vd li gidi duge sy tdn tgi bg NST d cdc kl eua qud frinh nguySn phdn: - Ki frung glan, ki frudc kf hieu bd NST: A A + oa + BB + bb; - Kl gii/a: gidng ki trudc, NST rOl ngdn eye dgi tgp frung thdnh hdng NST kep trSn mdt phdng xfch dgo cuo thoi \a vd sdc; - Kl sou: cde eronmotit frong h/ng NST kSp phdn chia ehuyln v l hoi eye cua l l bdo, luc ndy mdng nhdn ehua hinh ihdnh frong le bdo, sd lugng NST vdn gidng ki giua nhung d frgng thai don; - Ki cudi: cdc NST don phdn chia hdn v l ede eye eua te bdo mdng nhdn xudt hien, tgo t l bdo deu c6 bg NST AaBb Budc 3: Td chuc thdo lugn nhdm Muc to chue nhdm nhd ho^c nhdm Idn tuj' thude vdo dd khd eua BTTSH d ddy, nen td chue thdo lugn Nhu vdy, cd thi ndi BTTSH frong dgy kiln thuc nhdm hdn hgp d l HS khd gidi ed t h i giup dd dugc HS cd frinh d$ ihdp hon Nhi^m vy thdo mdi dd cd tdc dyng kep, vOo giOp HS hieu dugc ludn nhdm Id thdng nhdt ddp dn frd Id! vd cijng ndi dung SGK, vCro tgp dugt cdc hieu bilt dd d l tgo muc dd h/ cao, logic hon qua thyc gidi quyll cde thde mdc cOa cdc thdnh vien frong ,hien gldl BTTSH, HS ndm duge kiln thue cdn hgc nhdm O budc ndy klen ihue thu dugc d dd chinh quo kT ndng dgc, nghien cuu SGK vd qua gidi xdc coo hon BTTSH Mdt khde quo DH bdng BTTSH G V ddnh Budc 4: Td chO'c thdo lugn Idp de thd'ng nhdt gid duge khd ndng hgc eua HS theo phuong phdp ede ddp dn frd ldi, gidi quylt tiep cde ihdc mdc d dmh fiiih h>c Id ddnh gid ndng lye nhdn thue eua mdi nhdm dudi sy gidm sdl cOa GV bdng khdng HS vd hieu chinh dugc dd kh6 cuo BTTSH, phuong djnh cdc kit ludn, cung edp ihem edc tir lieu d l phdp vd biSn phdp td chuc viec hge d fren Idp gldl quylt cde thdc mdc cdn Igi Ket thuc budc ndy kidn thue mdi bdl hgc duge hinh ihdnh (Xem tiep trang 59} Tap chi filao due s6 ( b i • a / a o m tuyin fruyin ve NCKH nhdm phdt huy sy soy me, sdng tgo cOa SV; ehu frgng cdng tdc thdng tin v l sdn phdm NCKH cuo SV nhdm tgo d i l u kiSn cho hg filp cdn, nghiSn cuu ede sdn phdm thyc t l k i t hgp vdi phuong phdp NCKH d d duge frong bj d l cd sy djnh hudng, chgn lya mdng d l tdi nghien cuu eung nhu Ihye hl0n dung quy frinh NCKH; phdt ddng phong frdo thi duo hgc tdp vd NCKH frong tdp t h i SV; td chu'c cdc budi sinh hogt khoa hgc djnh kl dudi hinh thue cdu Igc b g khoa hge, cdu Ige bg sdng Igo tri, 7) Xdydi/ng mdi quan hi