NGHIEN CUU&U^IG DUNG DOI MCfl PHlTtfMG PHAP DAY HOC MO^ LICH Slf VC Î Slf H 6 T R O C t A C 6 ] \ G J^GHE THOMG TEV can 1 Nhu cau dat ra phai dii moi day hoc Lich su Ciing vdi cie bd mdn khoa hpe kha[.]
NGHIEN CUU&U^IG DUNG DOI MCfl PHlTtfMG P H A P DAY HOC MO^ LICH Slf VC^I Slf H T R O C t A C ] \ G J^GHE THOMG TEV Nhu cau dat can phai dii moi day hoc Lich suCiing vdi cie bd mdn khoa hpe khac, bd mdn Lich sir eung da dupe ddi mdi tir chuomg trinh vdi viec xiy dyng chuom^g trinh ehuin cua bd mdn, the hien SGK va thue tien giing day tir tieu hpe cho den bac trung hpe phd thdng Trpng tim cua ddi mdi tip trung vio ddi mdi phuang phip day hpc (PPDH) Trong PPDH truyen thdng, giio vien (GV) ehi quan tim kien thiic cin truyen dat cho HS (HS) li cii gi HS^nhu eai "binh'' ma_ ngudi thiy phii nhet diy kien thitc vao "binh" HS hoan toan thu dpng, cie em chi phii nhd nhiing gi ngudi thiy di cung cip, d trang thai hoan thinh Trong phuomg phip day hpc eu, tinh thu ddng bieu Id d hinh inh ngudi GV diing kha rieng biet tren bue giing va cung cap "eii miu", edn phia dudi la hinh inh eac HS ngdi hing tren ghe, cung lam mdt cdng viec gidng li lai eii "mau" mi thay dang eung cip eho hp Neu quan niem day hpe la mot nghe thuit thi day hpc chinh la nghe thuit thiic tinh sy hiing thii hpe tip ti-orig tim hdn eac em tharih thieu nien, tinh ham hieu biet, day eie em biet suy nghi va hanh ddng tieh eye Hiing thii hpe tip, tieh eye, ham hieu biet eiia cac em ehi cd dupe cii diu thoai mii, sang khoai NIU nhoi nhet kien thiic mot cich euong buc thi hieu qui giao due khd cd the nhu mong mudn Hiu het HS hpe mdn Lich six deu cd ging hpe thupc long ya nhd timg su kien (chi biet) mi khdng cd ning phan tich, khii quit, nhin nhin su kien lich sir (hieu vi van dung) _trong bdi canh lich su cu the, tir dd khdng thay rd ban chit, nguyen nhin va mdi lien he ciia cac sy kien, cang khdng the he thdng hda vin de cho de nhd nhiing sy kien dien hinh, tieu bieu cua mdi giai doan lich sy Vdi phuomg phip tniyen thdng va cich thiic giing day nhu tren khdng the hinh cac nang lye hoc tip eho HS De HS chu ddng, tich eye, sing tao hpc tip, dap ling yeu cau "xa hdi hpe tip", " Hpc tap sudt ddi" thi tit yeu phai ddi mdi PPDH DHLS hien d trudmg phd thdng Cong nghe thong tin day hoc lich sir Cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) la phuomg tien day hpe (PTDH) hien dai ed ning tich hpp cao cic chire ning ciia nhiing PTDH truyen thdng nhu tranh inh, bin dd, luac dd, so dd, nien bieu, bieu dd, ban so sanh va eac phuomg tien ki thuit nhu radio, video, tivi, den chieu overhead, projector, cae loai bing dia Die biet vdi ning da phuomg tien, da truyen thdng (Multimedia) va kha ning tuong tic (Interactive) Viec ling dung CNTT vio DHLS se giup GV ning cao hieu qui cua viec su dung eic loai dd dimg true quan (DDTQ) Ngav nhdn bai 11/6/2012: Ngdy duyel dang 25/8/2012 22 • TAP CHI THIET BIGlAo DUC-SO 85-9/2012 ThS Nguyen Dire Cirorng, Tru&ng DHSP- DH Hue dung lai biic tranh lich sit mot each ehin thyc, giau hinh anih va sinh dpng Ddng thdi, nd cd the thu hiit sy chii y eiia HS, kieh thich vi huy ddng nhilu giic quan ciia eae em nhan thiie, dieu dd gdp phin ning cap hieu qui cua viec ghi nhd kien thuc Nhd thi, HS de ding hieu diing ban chit ciia su kien, hien tupng lieh sir Viec khai thae va sir dung mdt sd chlie ning cua eae phin mem ACD See, Hero, Photoshop, Flash, TMPGEnc plus, Adobe Audition se gilip GV xu_ ly tu lieu hinh anh, xir ly, cit, ghep cae doan phim, im phii hpp vdi ndi dung, yeu cau ciia bai hpc Viec sut dung cae chire ning CO bin, eac hieu iing phong phii, da dang ciia phin mem Microsoft P9werPoint se giup GV thilt kl va sii dung cd hieu qua eac loai DDTQ theo yeu ciu bii giang va y dd su pham cua minh Vi vdi kha ning sieu lien ket thdng tin (hyperlink) eua phin mem niy, GV ed the dua vao bai giing cie hinh inh, im thanh, doan phim tu lieu da dupe xir ly, chpn lpc vi bien tip theo y tudng eiia GV, nhd dd, ed the phat huy tinh sing tao eiia GV vi HS nhirng tinh hulng su pham cu the su dung DDTQ day hpc, tilt kiem dupe nhieu thdi gian viee xiy dyng^ sir dung cie DDTQ, GV cd dieu kien td chlie eho HS boat ddng nhin thue lieh sit tndt each da dang, gilip HS khac siu kien thiic trpng tim, cd the he thdng, NGHIEN c u u &Ul\IG DUNG III khai quat tot noi dung bai hoc thep xu the chua dugc nghe cd nang tich hpp Tinh hieu qua dugc thi hien a bien, gioi han a mot cao cae chiie ning eua nhung so duoi day so GV c6 nghiep vu su pham (PTDH) truyen, thong eung vdi cie phim mem day hpc Phuong phIG DUNG la thiet ke GADT, thuc hien BGDT dien tir tren ldp theo ciu tnic bii giing di dupe thiet ke bing CNTT va eac phin men day hpc, dim bio tinh Idgic, tinii he thdng eua cic slide Trong dieu kien cho phep ed Bing tuang tie thdng minh, But dien tu, thiy vi trd cd the thuc hien, td ehiie hoat ddng D-H tren bang tuang tic Neu Ididng, bing treo ,tudng trd thinh bing phu de thiy vi trd giii quyet nhiing vin de qui trinh D-H, hoic nhung van de sinh khdng cd thiet ke bii giing tir trudc Hieu qua tiet day phu thude rit nhieu vao ning img dung CNTT va van dung linh boat cac phuang phap day hpe eua GV D I thuc hien ddi mdi PPDH, ed su ho irg CNTT can phai ed nhiing giii phip cu the ddng bd tir trung uong den dia phuang, din timg trudng va timg GV Ve phia eo quan quin ly: Nhin thiie diing dan ve CNTT va ling dung CNTT day hpe Khing dinh tinh tit yeu eua viec iing dung CNTT day hpe ndi ehung vi DHLS ndi rieng d trudng thdng Td chlie Hdi, thio chuyen siu ban niia ve iing dvmg CNTT day hpe ndi chung vi DHLS ndi rieng de diic nit nhung kinh nghiem, kilm chiing khpa hpc, van diuig vao day hpe d trudng phd thdng Td chlie tip huin iing dung CNTT cho GV theo chuyen nginh Khdrig nen tip huin dai tri, bdi mdi chuyen nginh cd die thii rieng, ed each thiic thilt kl va sii dung GADT, BGDT khie nhau., Dau tu diing miic vl co sd ting, trang thilt bi diy 24 du, phil hop vdi viee iing dung CNTT Nha trudng, nhu trang bi them phdng hpc da ning vi diu tu ddngbd cie trang thiet bi: miy chieu, miy quay, miy chup, ndi mang, .va hudng din sir dung, du phdng kinh phi eho siia ehua nang cap phin cimg, phin mem giao due LTng dung CNTT doi mdi PPDH la xu thi tit ylu, yeu ciu GV phii quin triet thue hien timg budc den hoan thien viee iing dung CNTT vio DHLS d trudng phd thdng Ddng vien GV tich cue tu hpc, khiem tdn hoc hdi, sin sing chia se, ludn eiu thi tien bd, thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi ddng nghiep, cimg tirn iJiiing cich thiie tdi uu de umg dung edng nghe thdng tin ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc v l phia GV: - GV ein hpc, tip huin cie ldp soan, giing BGDT, thudng xuyen truy vio eac trang web vi vien eiia dien din: baehkim.vn, dayhocintel.org, giaovieii.net, moet.edu.vn, dl ed the nit kinh nghiem, tiep thu nhirng edng nghe mdi trao ddi nhiing, each lam hay - GV cin manh dan, khdng ngai khd, tu thilt ke GADT vi thuc hien BGDT cua minh se gilip cho GV ren luyen duoe nhieu ky nang vi phdi hpp tdt eie phuang phip day hpc tich cue khac ,Khi thilt kl GADT can chuan bi trudc kieh ban, tu lieu (Vedeo, hinh anh, bing do, ), chpn giii phap cho su dung edng nghe, sau dd mdi bit tay vao soan giing NIU sir dung MS PowerPiont lam cdng cu ehinh cin luu y vl Font chii, miu chii vi hieu ling thich hpp (hieu ung don • TAP CHI THIITBI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 giin, nhe nhing trinh gay mit tip trung vao ndi dung bai giang) Ndi dung BGDT cin ed dpng, xiic tieh Hinh anh, eac md phdng ed su chat lpc, sit ehii de (trqng slide khdng nen cd nhieu hinh hay nhieu chu),^ nhiing ndi dung HS ghi bai can ed qui ude (cd the dung khung hay miu nen) se khie phue dupe viee ghi bai eua HS., Ndi dung bai, giang chiia nhilu lien, ket, nhit la lien kit din he thdng ciu hdi, bii tip thuc hinh, phim video, tranh anh, so dd, bieu Cimg ed bii ein hudng den eac ciu hdi mang tinh van dung hay cie hinh thitc trie nghiem, can khai thac, the manh eiia CNTT kiem tra dinh gii va kiem ehiing ket qui Khdng lam dung CNTT nlu ehiing khdng tic ddng tieh cue den qua trinh day hpc vi su phit triln eua ngudi hpe Khdng phii tiet day nao eiing su dung CNTT, mi phai can cii vao npi ,dung day hpc, muc dich yeu ciu cua bai de chpn lua cich thiic iing dung CNTT eho phil hpp - Cimg vdi Td bd mdn td chlie sinh boat ehuyen,mdn, chuyen dl dl trao ddi ve kinh nghiem iing diing CNTT giang day Tai li|u tham khao Etoan V ^ Jtung, Nguyen Buc Cuong "Thiet kevdsu dmg bdi gian^ dien tic tro^g tmng day hoc lich sic a trlcangpho thong theo huong tich cue hoafloatdong hm: tgpciiaHS", Tap chi TMet U C^ due, so 32,fliang4,2m.^ Nguyin Manh Huong "Coagfl^ flj,6ng tin va ttiiyen thong voi van de doi moi phifong ph^d?y hoc Uch su a tnrong thorg', Tap chi Gido difc, (185), 200? Le.Vi§ Chung (2012), "Vdiy Men trao Si ve img dung cong nghe thong tin denz-hoc www.qlfc.edu.vn htlp://ttiuathienhue.edu http://www.quangngai.gov.vn http://phanminhchanh NGHIEN CUtJ&U>iG DUNG II NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAY HOC DIA LY CHO HOC SINH KHIEM THINH Of CAP TRUNG HOC CO S6 TS Kilu Van Hoan, ThS Bui Thi Lam Tru&ng Dai hpc Suphgm Hd Npi Cac giai phap nang cao hi^u qua day hoc dia ly cho HS khilm,thinh /./ Bieu chinh qua trinh dgy hpc cho HS khiem thinh HS khiem thinh cd nhung die diem rieng ve nhin thue, each hpe, each tiep nhin thdng tin vi kinh nghiem sdng, dd ddi hdi GV day hpe dia ly eho, HSKT ein thuc hien mdt sd dieu chinh de phat buy ning vi dip iing nhu ciu eiia eie em Do die dienj mdn hpe, die diem thiet ke chuang trinh, SGK va cie hpe lieu hd tro, mdn dia ly li mdt cie mdn khoa hpc phii hop vdi each hpc tap thong qua thi giac va cdc hoat dpng thuc hdnh, hai yeu td eua viec giing day niy phu hpp vdi cae ning hoc tip eiia nhieu HSKT 1.1.1 Diiu chinh muc tiiu day hpc cdc bdi hpc Dia ly Khi xac dinh eic muc tieu day hpe, ein quan tim den trinh dp hpc tip khie eua HS Trong rit nhieu eie thi nghiem, boat dpng thue hanh, hoat ddng kham phi thue tiln cic kien thirc dia ly bie hpc THCS cho phep nhilu HS thupc cae trinh dp thue hien vi dat dupe cic miic dp khac ye muc tieu day hpc Dilu cdt loi li GV dit cac muc tieu day hpc khac phu hpp vdi txuih dp hpc tip cua HS HS khiem thinh ed nang lue khie so vdi tre binh thudng vi bin thin mdi HSKT lai cd nhiing ning luc va nhu ciu khie Do vay, giing day GV can phii thay ddi ndi dung vi yeu eiu cua timg bai cho phu hop vdi mpi ddi tupng Cu thi la: Dieu ehinh ve miic dp yeu cau ciia kien thiic; Dieu ehinh ve thdi lupng cho, timg npi dung; Dieu ehinh ve miie dp van dimg kien thiie 1.1.2 Diiu chinh npi dung Hien nay, ehiing ta chua xiy dung dupe chuang trinh va sieh giio khoa Dia ly eho tre khiem thinh Vi viy, cic GV Dia ly dua vao sieh giio khoa va chuang trinh THCS thudng deday cho HSKT nhung ed,su dieu chinh ve ndi dung nhim tao dieu kien cho eae em phit trien tdi da nhung nang tren eo sd nhung kinh nghiem vdn ed ciia minh Ddi vdi ndi dung day hpe Di,a ly THCS cin thuc hien eae dieu chinh sau: Xae dinh ndi dung trpng tim eiia chuang trinh Dia ly tren ea sd phan tich mdi quan he thdng nhit giua eac don vi kiln thuc, cae khii niem, thuit ngii, tu dd lua chpn eieh thiic nit gpn ndi dung day hpc Dia ly va dinh hudng cic boat ddng day hpc nhim giiip HSKT bpc dupe cic ndi dung trpng tim Xae dinh he thdng eae khai niem dia ly ein giii thich eho HSKT giup eie em ITnh hdi dupe eac ndi dung hpe tip cua chuang trinh dl, trinh nhung bit cap giiia kien thiic, ky nang hien cd eiia HSKT vdi ndi dung eiia mdn hpc Dia ly Quan dilm ve miic dp khd tang din, ve hinh thinh he thdng kien thiic dia ly khdng phii ehi d mdt ldp, ma phai d ea cap hpe - Dilu ehinh ndi dung bii hpc li mdt giii phap huu hieu ciia nhi trudng Trong day hoe Dia ly bie THCS cho HS khilm thmh, cd the thuc hien dieu chinh ndi dung theo hai hudng: - Phin tich eie mue tieu ya ndi dung day hpc thinh nhieu mite dp vi yeu eiu HSKT dat dupe d miic dp phii hop hoic thay ddi hinh thiic the hien npi dung Thay the nhiing ndi dung trim tupng mi HSKT chua the tiep can de hieu dupe su ban ehe ve kinh nghiem, ngdn ngii, su thieu hut ky ning nghe cung nhu cie khai niem dia ly ed lien quan bang nhiing ndi dung thiet thuc va phu hop hon vdi eae em 1.1.3 Dieu chinh vi phucmg phdp day hpc -, HSKT ed the su dung nhieu phuang tien khie de tiep nhan va bieu dat thdng tin giao tiep ciing nhu qui trinh nhin thiic the gidi xung quanh Trong day hpc ein su dung phdi hpp eac phuang tien giao tiep day hpc cho HSKT nhu Idi ndi, dpc hinh mieng, ehu eii ngdn tay, cit chi dieu bd, ky hieu Dieu ciing dat mdt ddi bdi ,d6i vdi GV day HSKT li cin tim hieu va hpc cich sir dung cac ki hieu, eir chi dieu bd, chii cii ngdn tay de giao tiep cd hieu qui hon vdi HSKT, De tao dieu kien thuan lpi eho HSKT tiep nhin thdng tin tdt nhat vi ehinh xac nhit, qui trinh giang day, GV Ngdy nhgn bdi 17/6/2011: Ngdy duyel dang 25/8/2012 TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • ... tren ldp theo ciu tnic bii giing di dupe thiet ke bing CNTT va eac phin men day hpc, dim bio tinh Idgic, tinii he thdng eua cic slide Trong dieu kien cho phep ed Bing tuang tie thdng minh, But dien... flj,6ng tin va ttiiyen thong voi van de doi moi phifong ph^d?y hoc Uch su a tnrong thorg'', Tap chi Gido difc, (185), 200? Le.Vi§ Chung (2012), "Vdiy Men trao Si ve img dung cong nghe thong tin denz-hoc... ky thuit, su pham Xii the Phdng GD-DT, BGH, Td bp CO sir ho trg eiia cdc cong cu khdng phat huy tinh tich mdn d cic trudng viee da phieang tiin Neu khdng cue eua ngudi hpe, hieu qui ihig dung