Ttfp chi khoa hgc Trifng Bqi hgc Quy Nhdn S^4, T4p VIII nam 2014 MOT sd BI| N PHAP PHAT TRIEN TUDUY HQC SINH KHI Dyy Y BAI TAP VAT LY LUONG TH^ DUNG I M 6 DAU Qua thiTc te gidng day v$t 1 ,̂ chiing td[.]
Ttfp chi khoa hgc Trifng Bqi hgc Quy Nhdn - S^4, T4p VIII nam 2014 MOT sd BI|:N PHAP PHAT TRIEN TUDUY HQC SINH KHI Dyy Y B A I T A P VAT L Y LUONG TH^ DUNG- I M DAU Qua thiTc te gidng day v$t 1^, chiing tdi nh$n tiiay rang giSi bai tap v3t 1^ (BTVL), hoc sinh (HS) thffdng dp dyng cong thffc mgt each mdy m6c, hoac n6^u gidi dffdc bai tSp thi chi gidi dffdc nhffng bai tap da c6 phtfdng phdp gidi bi^t trffdc Cdc giao vien (GV) thffcfng "todn hda" cdc BTVL ma it chd tiong vSo vi$c phan tich hi^n tffdng vat I^ de tim hffdng gidi quyd't cho mdt BTVL Cting c6 nhffng GV chu tiong d^n vide rSn luy$n tff cho HS nhUtig khdng cong vi HS cho ring, GV "cdu gid " nen khong thichhpc Bai viet trinh bay ^^Mdt sS biin phdp phdt trien tit HS dgy bai t4p vat ly" dd chff y den vide kich thich hffng thii nh|n thffc cho HS, nhlim tao diiu kien d^ rfen luydn trf cho HS, qua dd gdp phan nang cao chat lffdng gidng day bd mon Vdt 1^ ct trffdng phd thdng va lam tai lieu tham khao cho cdc sinh vidn ng^nh Sff pham vdt I^ VAI T R C U A BAI T A P V A T hf TRONG VIEC PHAT TRI^N TlT DUY Trong qud Oinh day hoc bd mdn Vdt 1;^ d trffdng thong, BTVL cd tam quan ddc bi$t, giiip cho HS hieu sau hdn nhffng quy luat vat 1^, biet phan tich chiing va ffng dung chiing vao nhffng van de thffc tien Thdng qua cdc BTVL vdi cac hinh thffc khac nhau, tao diiu ki$n cho HS van dung linh boat nhffng kid'n thffc da hgc dl tff Iffc gidi quyet thdnh cong nhffng tinh huong cu the khac Qua dd, nhffng kid'n thtfc ndy se trd ndn sau s^c, hodn thien va bien vd'n rieng cua HS r«y nhiin cdn luu y, vi$c ren luyen cho HS gidi cdc bdi tap v4t /Ji khong phdi la muc dlnh chinh cua day hoc Muc dich ccf bdn d^t gidi bai tap vdt l^ Id ldm cho HS hieu sdu sdc han nhiing quy ludt vat ly, biet phdn tich vd iing dung chung vdo thuc tiin vd cuoi cUng Id phdt triin duac ndng lyCc tuduy, ndng luc gidi quyi't vdn di cua HS Qud trinh hgc tap Id qud trinh tff xay dffng kien thffc mgt cdch tich cffc cua ngffdi hgc, bdng cdch no life trf de vrfdt qua nhO'ng khd khan cua nhan thffc ffliffng khd khdn ndy thrfdng ndy sinh nhffng kien thffc va kinh nghiem da c6 ciia ngffdi hgc khdng phO hdp vdi nhiJng ki^n thffc mdi dang drfdc hpc Nhffng thdng tin mdi mdu thuin vdi kinh nghiem da cd se tdc ddng rat manh, tao nen nhu cau nhdn ihiJc cua HS 26 LUdNGTHEDUNO' va thoi thuc ho chu dpng xay diing kle'n tiiifc mfli bang cdch phan tich, tdng hdp, so sanh, doi chi^u, tim moi lien he giffa nhffng thongtinmdi vdi nhffng ki^n thffc da co NOi dung cd ban cira qua trinh day hoc theo quan di^m kien tao nhff sau: - Day hoc phai xuat phat tff kinh nghi$m, kienfliffcvon cd cia HS - Trong qud tiinh day hoc phai td chffc cho HS tich cifc, tff Iffc hoat dong nhan thffc xSy dffng kid'n thffc bang each vffdt qua cdc kh6 khan nhan thffc - Trong qua tiinh day hpc phai td chffc qua trinh tffdng tac giffa HS vdi GV va vdi cac ban hpc De thffc hien dffdc cac quan diem ti&n, tiong qua trinh day hpc phai dam bao cac yeu cau sau; - Can phai xac dinh ro quan h€ vd nhi6m vu cua GV va HS tiong qud trinh day hpc: HS hdp tdc vdi tien hanh ho^t dpng nhan thffc mdt cdch tich cffc, dOc lap, sang tap dffdi sff td chffc, dieu kliien ciia GV - Can phai tap dffpc nhu cau nhdn thffc d HS: mupn tap dffdc nhu clu nhdn thffc thi phai ddt HS vdo tinh hudng c6 va'n de - Cin phai quan tam d^n von kinh nghidm da co cija HS: xay dffng tinh hudng cd va'n dl phdi dffa vao vdn kinh ngliiem da cd cua HS, cdu hoi dat phdi nam tiong ving phdt tiien gJn nhat cua HS de HS dieu chinh nhffng sai lam cua minh - Cin tao diiu kien cho HS giao tidp vdi cdc ban hpc vd GV - Cin diiu khien dffdc hoat dOng nhdn diffc cua HS: GV giffp HS hinh dung ro cacfliaotdc tff vd thffc Men thao cdc thao tac dd - Thffdng xuySn kiem tia danh gid va giilp HS tff kidm tia ddnh gid N^u HS cd bieu hien sai lam, GV khdng nen bdc bo ma IQm thdi chap nhan y kiin cua HS, tim hieu nguyen nhdn tai HS lai cd nhffng bieu hiin sai lam nhuvay Tren casd GV se to chiic mot qud trtnh hoat dong nhan thiic diHS tunhgn thay cdi sai quan niim cia minh, tu nguyin muon thay ddi quan niim sai cua minh Sau dd GV se giiip HS sia chOa sai lam di linh hpi kien thiic mdi, nhd v&y Hen thiic mdi lmh hdi duac cua HS se vOng chac han M O T S O B I E N P H A P R E N L U Y E N Tif DUY HOC SINH TRONG QUA T R I N H DAY BAI TAP VAT LY Dffa U-Sn cdc cd sd \y ludn va thufc tiln gidng day cho cdc HS Trung hpc phd thpng, chung tdi da de mot sd bien phdp nhkm phdt tiien OX cua HS day HS giai BTVL nhff sau: MpTsd BIEN PHAP PHATTRIENTUDUY HOC SINH KMDAYBAITAPVATLY 27 3.1 Dfe tao diiu ki^n cho HS ren luy^n trf qua trinh day BTVL, trrf^c h^t GV c^n phai t^o hihig thu nhan thitc cho HS Be giiip HS hffng thu nhdn thffc gidi bai tap vat Iy, thi mdi bai tap phdi cd dieu mdi me doi vdi HS ma HS cam tha'y can phdi giai quyd't, tffc la tao tinh huong cd vd'n dd d6i vdi HS Cd the tao hffng thff cho HStixfdckhi giai mot bai tap bdng cdch: - Tid'n hdnh thi nghidm vdt 15' ddn gian de gay sff chff ^ cua HS •- Neu nhffng hien tffdng thffc te' cd lien quan dl^n bai tap se giai quye't - Ldm cdc bdi tap trdc nghiem met dau giup HS dn lai nhffng kien thffc se suT dung tiong bdi tdp - Ke nhOtig cdu chuyen lich suf, hoac ndu rd tam quan trgng giai bai tap loai 3.2 T6' chtfc qua trinh giai BTVL tijfng giai dogn cho tiifng giai doan xuSit hi^n tinh hud'ng, doi hdi HS phai thrfc hi$n cac thao tac trf mdi co thd' giai quyd't drf^c vS'n dl Dffa theo phffdng phap chung de giai mgt BTVL ta cdtiie'chia mgt BTVL cdc giai doan sau: giai doan phdn tich hien tffdng, giai doan luan giai dd' di den kl't qud vd giai doan bidn ludn ket qua De tgo cdc tinh hud'ng phat triln tff HS, doi hdi GV phdi phdn tich ky Idgic ndi dung ciia bdi gidi, tim nhffng cho hay, dff kid'n dffdc nhu'ng sai lam thffdng m^c phdi cua HS, tim nhffng phffdng phap giai khac nhau, cd nhff vdy GV mdi chii dgng dieu khien boat dgng tff ciia HS gid hgc 3.3 Trong mSi tinh hud'ng, GV neu nhffng cdu hoi dinh hrf^ng cho HS tid'n hanh cac thao tac trf tMch h / , = 20(cm) - GV: Biet d, vd f^ ta se de dang xac dinh dffdc vi tri, tinh chit vd dp phdng dai cia dnh AjB^ Mpt em se len bang ghi cdng thtfc vd tinh tpan ket qua - HS: (Ldn bdng ghi ket qud tinh tpdn) , rf,/, 10.20 ,„, , rf, = —'•^-^— = = -20(cm) rf,-/, 10-20 Vi A,B,=AB n6n dfl phdng dai cia dnh A^B^ qua he ciing bSng dd phdng dai qua TK mdng rf, 10 V4y dnh A^B^ chp bdi TK day la dnh dp, cdch TK 20cm va cd dp phdng dai k = 2, ttfc Id cung chiiu vd cao gap hai lln vat - GV: Bdy gid em ndo cd thd tid Idi can hoi vi ca tiong bi se to hdn so vdi ttiffc td? - HS: Sd di cd to len vi bi dffng nffdc dffdc thdi phdng len tffdng dffdng vdi hd BMSS vd TK nffdc ghdp sdt Cd qua BMSS cho anh i&rattongtigudidn vat cua TK, qua TK cho dnh ldn hdn vat, dd mat se flily cd to hdn so vdi thffc td - GV: Qua viec gidi bai tap ndy, cdc em phdi nhd cdc cong thtfe eia TK chi dp dung cho TK mdng Hieu dffdc vi cd thd dp dung cac congttiffccia BMSS vd TK ghdp sdt nhau, tff dd md rdng cho cdctiirdnghdp khac klii cdc quang cu tiy ^ ghdp sdt KET LUAN Vdi muc tidu ddi mdi todn dien phffdng phdp day hpc, tffng bffdc nang cap chit Iffdng day vd hpcfliephtfdng tich cffc hda ttf cua HS,fliivi6c rdn luydn tff cho HS la mdt nhu clu rS't cd'pfliidt.Tuy nhien, vide ndy khdng thd thffc hien cd kdt qud LUONG T H £ DUNG" md ddi hdi GV phdi cd mflt ke hoach hdp Ij, xdy dffng cho minh kd hoach ren luyen tff cho HS tiong sudt qud trinh day hpc Chung toi ciing da dp dung cdc bi6n phdp ndy va da fliu dffdc nhffng kdt qud nhat dinh Ban d l u HS chffa quen ndn chffa cdm ttily hffng fliu vdi cdch day ndy, nhUhg sau mpt fliSi gian ngan, nhilu HS da chiu khd suy nghi giai mflt BTVL, HS bidt cdch phan tich dinh hffdng dd tim cdch gidi quyet vd'n de dat Kdt qud cac bdi kiem tia dinh ky cho thiy c h i t Itfdng hpc tdp c i a HS dtfdc nang d i n ldn TAI Ll6U THAM KHAO [1] Pham Hffu Tong, Phitang phdp day bai tap Val Ly, Nxb Gido due, (1989) [2] Nguyin Dffc Tham, Phuong phdp day hgc vat ly d trudng phS thdng, Nxb Dgi hoc sit pham, (2002) [3] Lffdng Thd Dung, Mot sd biin phdp r^n luyin cdc thao tdc tu cho HS dqy BTVL, Dl tdi NCKH cd'p Khoa, (2001) SUMMARY SOME MEASURES OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' THINKING THROUGH TEACHING PHYSICS EXERCISES Luong The Dung When doing physics exercises, students tend to apply a formula automatically, or they solve the exercises only with already-known solutions This article presents some measures to develop students' thinking when teaching physics exercises, aiming at tiaining students' thinking, thus contributing to the improvement of the quaUty of teaching physics at high schools 'Khoa VJt ly, TntOng D^i hoc Quy Nhdn Ngiy nhan bii: 31/3/2014; Ngay nhjn ding: 23/10/2014 ... dich dff dodn hien tffdng - Dien dich gidi thich hif n tffdng MOT SO BIEN PHAP PHAT TRI^N TUDUY HOC SINH KHI DAY BAI TAP VAT L''y 29 BAI TAP MINH HOA Sau day chdng tdi se trinh bdy cu thi tien trinh... mpt BMSS cd chieu day g i n bang khdng, ldp khong ndy se khong M T S BIEN PHAP PHATTRIENTLf DUY HOC SINH KHIDAYBAITAPVATLY M dnh hffdng den qud tiinh tap anh vi se chp anh trung vdi vaL Vi vay,... thiic mdi lmh hdi duac cua HS se vOng chac han M O T S O B I E N P H A P R E N L U Y E N Tif DUY HOC SINH TRONG QUA T R I N H DAY BAI TAP VAT LY Dffa U-Sn cdc cd sd \y ludn va thufc tiln gidng