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N G U Y E N N H A N V A G I A I P H A P N G A N N G t '''' A HANH VI DANH NHAU Oi HDC SINH TRONG NHA TRDflNG PHO THONG PGS TS LE V A N A N H * Mac du chi la ca biet, song trong thdi gian gan day, hien tu[.]
N G U Y E N N H A N VA GIAI P H A P N G A N N G t ' A HANH VI DANH NHAU Oi HDC SINH TRONG NHA TRDflNG PHO THONG PGS M ac du chi la ca biet, song thdi gian gan day, hien tupng hpe smh (HS) danh xay cang tang dcae ta/dng hpc, d nhieu dja phuong vdi tinh chat va mdc dp nghiem trpng;gay nen sutd'n thuong vethechat, st/td'n hai den tam ti vatinh than HS, lam mat uy tin ca nhan va nha ta/dng, gay lo ting xa hdi, bat d'n edng tac giao due ciia nha ta/dng Bai vie't nghien eiiu nguyen nhan, bleu hien ciia hanh vi danh (HVDN)trongHSvadexuatcac glai phap ngan ngiia tinh trang nha tardng hien HVDN d HS la hanh vi cua mdt (hoae nhdm) HS sddijng sdc manh the chat va vu de'cudng bdc, tran ap, danh dap, hoae la sd dung tdi ndi thd tyc, vd v3nhdademing md, iang nhuc, chui bdi mdt (hoae nhdm) HS khac, gay nen nhdng hau qua tieu cue, Nguyen nhan sinh chii yeu xua't phat td nhung mau thuin, xich mich nhd (va eham dan den mau thuin; ndi xa'u, khieu khich nhau; dua g l ^ rdi ndi ndng, tha'y ban hpc gidi hon ininh nen ghen ghet,, ); ndng ndi, thieu kiem che, hieu thing, mud'n the hien "ban ITnh", "cai_tdi", "dang cap", khdng mud'n hon minh; hie'u biet han che ve phap luat, khdng ludng tn/dc dupe hau qua eiia viee lam, nhan thdc sai tech din den hanii ddng saitrai, Cac ye'u tdcddau hieu nguy c o gay HVDN oHS Xet ve ban chat, HVDN d tud'i vj nien cd nhOng dau hidu "mam mdng", can sdm dupc phat hien de ngan chan hau qua, Od la: 1) Cach cuxu "ngi tarn " hay "bieu Id" Caeh "cu xd ndi tam" phan anh s u "aJt lur, dc che, to ling hay chan nan Do it bpc Id ben ngoai, nhung HS thudng khdng dupc giao vien (G V), nhan vien va ca nhiing ngudi than nhait gia dinh nhan ra, nen khdng nghT ring cac em cd thegay H VON Vi v^y, cae nha giao dye can luu y tdi n h i ^ g HS cd \km trang thien ve cacti "cu xu npi tam" Ngupc lai, each "cu xii bleu Id" de phan anh cac hanh dpng lim tdi, gay go, hie'u dpng thai qua, thudng diln d ca ben va ben ngoai nha tardng Cac hanh ddng TS LE V A N A N H * bao tuc (nhu dam, da) thudng dupc cae em "hoc tap" quan sat hanh dpnp ciia ngudi khac 2) Mgt so yeu to tam H ea nhan g i n lien vdl nhung mdc dp gay han cao va day la dau hieu eua cac nguy cove bao tuc Chisd IQ thap cung lien quan tdi nhung muc dp hang cao hon Cac phat hien khac cung cho thay d tre nam, kha nang "khd van ddng", gap khd khan chti y, dpe thucmg dudoan mdt HVDN khdng mong mudn ve sau 3) Ye'u to mdi trudng gia dinh Mot sd bing chdng cho tha'y, ki luat thd bao cua cha methudng di lien vdi mtic dp hang cao hon d nien Hien tupngbdmehay cai nhau, ndi hdn vdl dng ba, thdi quen han va "hieu ehien",., euxii;su tiep xuc vdi bao tuc tren vd tuyen taiyen hinh va trd choi game true tuyen (nhat la cae trd choi bao luc) lien quan tdi su gia tang tinh han d tre em (va su hang tai cd the duoc dua vao tmtjng hpe) Nhuvay, mdi tnidng gia dinh, tinh each, hanh vi ctia cha me la yeu to' chu ye'u tac dpng va cd anh hudng rat Idn tdi hanh vi, nhan each cija tre td rat sdm - mdi sinh eho den tuol tmdng 4) Yeu tomditrudngxung quanh vaddisd'ng cgng ddng Cac cdng dong cd ti te tdi pham va su dyng ma cao; tinh trang nha cua toi tan ben canh trudng hoc; su tiep xiic vdi ban be hu hdng, se ta "manh dat nudi dudng" nhung hanh dpng c u xu" bao tuc H S va dupc cac em dua vao tardng hpe (tinh trang "tan eong" GV dudng nhu hay xay hon tai cac ta/dng d gan ke cac khu vue cd ti te tdi pham cao), 5) Yeu to mdi trudng trudng hgc Nhin ehung, mdttafdnghpccdtileHS nam cao;cd "thanh tich" ve vdkiluat;titeHS/GV cao; dja diem ta/dng ddng tai dd thj thudng ed n^uy co cao lien quan tdi hanh vi gay han va hieu chien eae tnidng hpc Trong HS, tich hpe tap cua cac em thudng "tile nghjeh"vdi hanh ddng chdng lai ki cuong, quy djnh cua nhatn/dng va xa hpi ' Vien Khoa IIQC giao due Viet Nam Tap chi Gido due so 307 (ki 1-4/2013)' 25 Cac hinh thdc cua HVDN 7^fiao/tfcffta/j//;e;dyng Cham vao than the'ma khdng dupc eho phep; ngan trd tioat dpng bing bait edeach nao {ngan can khdng eho di lai, bop ed', dam da, tat, danh, ) 2) Bao luc tinh due: dyng cham vao bat cd chd nao tren co the ngudi khac; binh luan ve tinh dye hoae dua nhung nhan xetkheu gpi vecotiie; cudng ep quan he tinh dye, xem sach bao khieu dam; ddi xu ttid Id va cd hanh vi "san lung" vi myc dich tinh dye ajSao/tfCjrafto/.'lambemathoacphdtldbanbe d nhdng noi cdng cpng; khdng eho gap gd cu xu khdng tdt vdi ban be; gay chuyen cat ton, 4) Bao Igc tinh camAdi ndi/tam If de dpa;phPt Id tinh cam ho§c eudi gilu; doa nat; gpi ten de che gilu; het to cao gipng ttifn tie'ng quat thao; chenhao ho^cchitrich;lammattiie'dipn ciia ngudi khae vagIa dinh hp;_bupe tpi sai, dd'oan, vu cao; bdi mdc va ndi nhung Idl lam tnidc mpi ngudi; nhari xet tieu cue ve ngoai hinh; ndi dua theo kieu ac y nhim muc dich bdi mdc nhung khiem khuyet ciia ngudi khae Cac nguyen nhan cua HVON nhieu bat cap, lac hau nen hieu qua, chat lupng GD vdi mye tieu hinh ttianh n ^ sd'ng van minh, loi sdng dng xd cd van hoa cho HS khdng dupc nhu mong mud'n Mpt so mdn hpc cd uu the ho|c cd ndi dung g i n vdi GD dao due, loi sd'ng, GD cac gia trj van hoa tmyen thdng chua dupc GV quan tam dting mdc nen cac tiet hpe thudng nham chan, nang li thuyet, giao huan, khien c u ^ g , e) Cdng tie quan li nha tn/dng hien edn thien vehanh chi'nh va nang tich Nhung hoat ddng GD ngoai khoa it dupc quan tam, chua dau tU thoa dang; phong trao "xay dung tn/dng hgc thin thien, HS tieh et/d chua thi/c suphat huy hieu qua d) Hinh thuc xuliHS vipham hien chua thuc sued tae dung giao due Viee "nghiem tri" la can thiet, nhung phai xem xet hinh thue ki lu|it eho vtia cd tac dung rSn de, vda "md Id'i" cho nhdng HS vi pham cd eo hdl sua ehua khuyet die'm e) Moi quan he thay - trd dang ed nhdng khoang each Trong nha tardng, G V ehu nhiem ddng vai trd het sdc quan trpng Tuy nhien, mdi quan he nhieu han che' bdi canh hipn nay; sU phdl hq/p 1) Tugdc kinh ti'- van hoa • xa hgi Su gida nha ta/dng - gia dinh - xa hpi cdn Idng leo, thi&u phat trien cua kinh te, cudng dp lao ddng cang chat che Tham chi, rnpt sdit G V khdng cdn ia nhung cao ap li/c cdng vi^c cang Idn d i n tdi su phan "tam guang san^ 6eHS noi theo edng lai lao ddng va keo theo su phan hoa giau 3) Tugdc tam Hlua tuol ngheo xa hpi khien cho mpt bd phan lao a) Vesuphattnen sinh Ir dgial doan 'tien daythf, d$ng xa hpi khdng cd thdi gian lam viec nha, "trong d$y thi, va "hau day thf nay, st/ chuyen hoa sinh nhu cau giup viec gia dinh Hoan canh dd hdu CO co the rait manh me, sdc sd'ng doi dao tgo cho tre em cd thdi quen y lai, sal khien ngudi d i n den su hieu ddng, khien cac em mat dist/dieu dp khae, ehi biet ngudi khae phue vy minh, khdng tu chinh xac va thieu lam chu hanh vi cua ban than lam bait ciivl^c gi ma edn khien nhieu bae cha me b) Ve si/phat tnen tam Ir nhu cau tu the hi?n khdng biet dieu gi dang diln dd'i vdl em minli minh d giai doan dupe phat trien Trong phat de edtheudn nan kjp thdi Nhiing bp phim, trd Choi trien tt/ duy, cac nha giao dye va tam li the gidi da dipn tu, mdt so bd taiyen tranh ed ndi dung khdng due ket: d Ida tuol caip tieu hpc tri nao tre chi d "tu lanh manh, mang tinh bao luc la mpttrong nhung mdt bude'bao gom ghi nhan, hpe hoi; Ida tuol yeu to anh hudng xa'u de'n tinh each ctia mpt bp cap tmng hpc eo sd la "tu hai budd gom ghi ph^n thieu nien va day chinh la mam mdng nhan va phan tich dung sal; lua tudi tamg hpc phd' sinh hanh vi bao lue nha ta/dng thdng mang "tuduyphin bien'[c6n gpi la tu tdi 2) Tugdc giao due the hipn d: han, hay tu nhieu budc) bao gom ghi nhan a) Su 'qua tai kien thuc' din de'n "qua tii tha gian phan tich dung sal va dua gial phap de giai quyet hgc tap', khien eho G V va HS phai danh qua nhieu vain de Thiet nghT, bien phap giao due HS khdng edng sue vao "cAay fa/* mdt dung luc^g kien thtic vua cdn khd khan gia dinh, nha ta/dng, xa hdi ludn rpng vda sau, vua han l i m , nhung thieu tinh thiet quan tam va cham sdc tdng giai doan phat thyc Mdt so boat ddng ngoai khoa cd npi dung cjiao trien tu va hanh ddng cua ehiing dye (G D) dao due, loi sdng ddi m ang tinh chieu le, c) Tugdc gia dinh: thieu kien thdc ve van hinh thuc khien HS cam thay "hpc ma khdng hieu bai, hoa, xa hpi, kinh te, phap luat mpt sophij huynh HS nhdbar va khdng ap dyng dupe vao thuc te, gay nen thieu guong m l u , vi pham phap luat, thd bao vdi eac SI/ehan nan hpc t^p d i n den ni bd hpc, em; khdng kiem soat dupc viec dpe saeh bao, xem yeu duong sdm, tim den ma tuy, danh bang bang hinh cd npi dung bao luc, doi taiy; tinh trang b^o khi, luc gia dinh; cha me mau thuin, li dl; thieu quan tSm b) Phudng phap GD dao due, loi sd'ng da bdc Id de'n viec hpc tap va cac mdi quan he ban be cua 26 Top chi Gido due so 307 -(kil-4/2013) cai de ban xa'u ni re, Idi keo bd hpc, dan de'n hanh vi ph9mphap;chddchathep.thleu not vui choi, giai tri van hoa, the thao 4.Motsogiaiphap ngan ngua HVON HS 1} Vephia nha trudng a) Td chdc tap huan, boi dudng nang eao nhan thiicve vain de bao lue hpc dudng va phat trien nang luc GD ngan ngtia bao tuc hpc dudng cho can bp quan li, GV (die biet la GV chu nhiem), HS, cha me HS va cdng dong Viec tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan thuccandupctd'ehticthudng xuyen, dudi nhieu hinh thtic da d^ng, phong phiJ va phu hpp vdi dae diem cua ddi tuong va van hda dia phuong; b) Xay dung mdi trucmg van hda hgc dudng vdi cac Idp hpc an toan, than thien dua tren eac md'iquan h? tdn trpng, tin cay i^doan ket, hpp tac gida cae vien tnidng; td'chdc cac hoat ddng tap the, cac taal hinh "cau lac bp" vdl nhieu not dung lanh manh, bdich,, c) Xay dt/ng Phdng tuvan tam li eho HS nha fa/dngde kjp thdi giiip HS glai toa nhdng khd khan, bdc xtic, ap It/c; djnh hudng cho cac em each suy nghT vaglalquyet tich cue cac mau thuin, eac van de khd khan cupc sdng Cac phdng can dupc dat d mpt vj tri thuan tien tnidng de HS cd the tim de'n mpt each de dang, khdnge ngai; boat ddng dinh ki tuan va Ijeh tu van can dupe thdng bao rpng rai de HS toan ta/dng; lap hop thu "Dieu ern muon noi ta/dng va eae dudng day ndng deHSedthechiase nhdng tam tu, khd khan, bdc xuc cua ban than, va thdng^bao kjp thdi vdi nha ta/dng ve nhiing nguy co cd the xay bao luc ta/dng cung nhu cac vy viec da va dang xay ra, d) Kethgp chatche git/a nha trudng, gia dinh va cgng dong dia phuung viec G D ngan ngda hanh vi bao luc dcae trudng hpc; ket hpp vipc tuyen duong, khen thudng nhiing HS bletdoan ket, tuong trp, giup dd ban be hpc tap, cudc sdng vdi viec ap dtjng nhdng blen phap ki iuat nghiem k h i c dd'i vdi nhdng HS cd lianh vi bao tuc; tang cudng GD cac gia tri dao ddc - nhan van va eac ki nang sd'ng can thiet cho HS; e) Tang cudng, tao dieu kien ve ca sd vat chat va kinh phicho viec giao dye dgo ddc va nhan van cua nha ta/dng 2) Vephia gia dinh Cting vdi nha tardng giao dye HS, cha m§ phai la ngudi cd kien thdc, biet It/a chpn nhiing vain de phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua xa hpi, phu hdp vdi hoan canh va tam li Ida tuol; la ngudi ban ludn gan gui,tdntrpng, ling nghe.tam su,chia se, luon s i n sang hd tro, tu van, giup vupt qua nhiing khd khan cupc sdng; la tam guong tdt giao tiep, dng xu, biet kiem soat cam xuc va hanh vi ciia minh; thudng xuyen lien lac va phdi hpp vdi nha trudng trong^viec GD, dinh hudng suphat trien cho eac em de tranh nhung hanh vl bao tt/c xay ra;., 3) Vephia xa hgi: tuyen taiyen, bien kien thue nhim nang cao nhan thdc ve tae hai cua HVDN d HS va trach nhiem ngan ngda hanh vi cdng ddng; xay dung duluan xa hpi tich cue ta/dc eae HVDN nha trudng; cd blen phap quan li ehat che cac trang mang, sach bao, phlm anh, bang hinli, trd choi, game bao luc; tao nhieu san choi lanh manh, bd' ich cho thanh, thieu nien tren eae phuong tien tmyen thdng dai ehung va cpng dong; chinh quyen dja phuong cd hinh thuc khen thudng v a x u phat ngtilem minh, dung phap luat, cdng khai, kip thdidd'ivdicacHVDNdHS 4) Vephia WS;nha tardng cho phep HS tham gia xay dung npi quy tardng, Idp de gitJp cac em hinh ythdc tam chii ban than, biet phan biet cai xa'u, cai tdt, nhdng viec nen lam; manh dan, edi mdchia se, tam si/va thdng tin vdi G V chu nhiem, giam thj, ban be cac cau lac bd d nha tardng; binh tinh tim each glai quyet mau thuan bang trao ddi, ddi thoalj_ nhim tim hieu nguyen nhan gay cac mau thuin de cd each dng xdphu hpp tranh eac hanh vi bao luc xay ra; tim st/hdtrp, giup cila tap the top, GV, Ban dai dien cha me HS, chinh quyen dja phuong khIed nguy co hoae xay bao luc hpc dudng G Tai li^u tham khao Mai Anh "Bdt ngi trudng hgc" http://sharevn.orp 22/11/2011 Oilchange "Bgo luc hgc duang Id gi", hup:// www n.sscl,org, 22/11/2011 3- Phan Thao - Thanh Tting "Ngdn ch^n bao luc hgc /f.AViP-r/jf'^HAo?"hirp://www.sggp.Qrpvn 10/06/2012 Le Van Anh Gidi phdp ngdn ngCta cdc hdnh vi bgo luc hgc sinh trung hoc phd thdng" (Nhiem vu khoa hpc va cOng nghe c^p BO, ma s6: B2011-37-03NV), Ki y^u HOi thao "Bao luc hgc duong - nguyin nhdn vd gidi phdp ", Sa GD-DT TP H6 Chi Minh, 10/2010 In recent years, the phenomenon ofstudent fights in schools in Vietnam become a hot topic, drawing public attention and signiti cantly influenced the educaUon quality, in thiscontext the author has presented a number of Issues In vohdng student's violent at school: the related concepts/notions: the expression ofbviolent behavios: forms and causes of violent behaviors anhd some measures to prevent lightings among students at schools Tap chi Gido due so 307 | 27 (ki 1-4/2013)- ... dgial doan ''tien daythf, d$ng xa hpi khdng cd thdi gian lam viec nha, "trong d$y thi, va "hau day thf nay, st/ chuyen hoa sinh nhu cau giup viec gia dinh Hoan canh dd hdu CO co the rait manh me, sdc... ta/dng cung nhu cac vy viec da va dang xay ra, d) Kethgp chatche git/a nha trudng, gia dinh va cgng dong dia phuung viec G D ngan ngda hanh vi bao luc dcae trudng hpc; ket hpp vipc tuyen duong, khen... student''s violent at school: the related concepts/notions: the expression ofbviolent behavios: forms and causes of violent behaviors anhd some measures to prevent lightings among students at schools