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ghien cijfu t rao ddi Boi duong tam nhin moi v^ phuong ph^p mm I PGS TS T R A N N G Q C H I £ N Nhin vko thuc tidn Idnh t^ xk hdi vk nkng luc ddi ngii ckn bd hidn nay tM thk''''y rd nhu cdu ca''''p bach v l[.]
g h i e n cijfu - t r a o ddi Boi duong tam n h i n moi v ^ phuong ph^p m m I PGS N TS T R A N N G Q C hin vko thuc tidn Idnh t^ - xk hdi vk nkng luc ddi ngii ckn bd hidn tM thk'y rd nhu cdu ca'p bach v l ddi mdi giao due, dko tao can bd ckc ck'p, vi chdt lugng ckn b0 Ik nhkn td quydt dinh hidu qua vk siic sdng cua mdt hd thd'ng, mdt td chiic Trong giai doan hidn nay, chdt lugng can bd cac ck'p phu thudc trude hd't vko tdm nhin mdi vk phuong phdp mdi dd cd tinh chu ddng, sang tao trude thuc tien thd' gidi va nude bien ddi nhanh vk phiie tap Dky Ik mdt yeu cdu cap bach vi chiing ta doi mdi kinh te' da dat miic thu nhkp trung binh thap (hon l.OOOUSD/ngiibi) sau hon hai t h a p ky tang truong, nhung hien d a i ^ roi vko nguy co tut hku dan, khdng nhiing ve kinh te, m a ca vl khoa hpc vk cdng nghd, giao due va dko tao Nguyen nhkn chu yeu cua tinh trang ky la can bd thieu mot tdm nhin mdi va phuong phdp mdi phu hpp vdi thue tien bidii ddi n h a n h tren thd gidi va nude Chi cd "Nhin thdng vdo sifi th^t" Cgia tri lich s u cua Dai hdi VI cua Dang) mdi giiip chiing ta nhkn thiic diroc ndi dung cua tam nhin mdi va phuong phap mdi - dilu kidn chu yeu dd can bd cd tmh chu ddng, sang tao I N h i n t h d n g v k o t h u c t i S n b i ^ n d d i c u a t h ^ g i d i vk t r o n g Toxcfc - CO s6^ h i n h t h k n h tSan n h i n m d i , phtfong phkp m d i HI£N Thii nhdt: Kinh t^ the gidi dang a giai doan chuyin ddi md kinh kinh ti vd thi chi kinh ti chinh tr^ Dd Ik buoc chuydn tir md hinh va thd chd cdng nghidp dua vko khai thac tki nguydn vk lao ddng xk hoi vi Ipi ich cua chu ddu tu, ndn di ddi vdi ket qua v l tang tnrong cua cai Ik hku qua cua tan pha mdi tnrong ngky cang nkng n l vk khmig hoang xk hdi Vi vky, cudc song dkt ^ i hoi chuyen Idn md hinh phat trien mdi - md hink phdt triin bin viing cdng vdi thi che tucmg ling, dua trin nin tdng kinh ti tri thiic dd hinh thdnh eu6i thi ky XX Thuc tidn cbn cho thky nhung nude cham chap chuyen ddi md lunh va the che' cd nguy ca tro bki rac cua the'gioi Thii hai: Day la s u chuyen doi cua mdt he thdng bao gdm kinh te, xa hdi, van hda, chinh tri vk quan he qudc td, Trong cudc chuyen doi nky o cac nuoc deu gap khd khkn m&u thudn vi l^ ich giua nhiing luc lugng m a Ipi ich gkn Uln vdi the che cu vdi luc l u p i ^ cd tam nhin mdi vi Ipi ich tuong lai Thii ba: Theo quan niem phat tridn ben viing, dky la bude chuyen tir tdng trudng s6 lugng len nac \hangphdt triin chdt luong cda mot hinh thdi kinh te-xd hdi mdi Chi co phat trien ben viing (ddng thuan giiia kinh td',.xa hdi, mdi tnrong) thi mdi hinh t h a n h nen kinh te'mdi, xa i r/iyc tiin thi gidi biin ddi hidn hdi mdi vdi ndn van hda mdi, dam can cd tdm nhin mdi tir nhiing tinh chat nhkn van, moi hy vgi^rco "Suphdt triin tu cua moi ngudi dac diem sau dky: oa TiivfNr;iAnsrt n -^m? N g h i e n cuTu - t r a o ddi Iddiiu ki^n cho si^phdt triin cda moi ngudi" n h u C Mac va Ph.Angghen d u bao vd xk hpi tirong lai Thu: tu: Do bude chuyen bidn nky ma nhilu l^ thuyit vd phuong phdp dd ed t r o ndn khdng phii hpp, hoac chi cbn gia tri bd phan nao day Ddng thbi nhiing ly thuyet mdi, phuong phap mdi bat dau hinh thknh thiic day phat trien ben vQng Nlun vko lich s u phkt trien kinh te thi tnrong thi dky la bude chuyen cd tinh chdt sdng cdn cua ca nhdn loai va mdi qud'c gia, ddn tdc, khac voi nhiing Ian chuyen ddi trudc N h m ^ canh bao bang cac cdng trinh nghidn ciiu n h u "Su sup dd cdc nin kinh ti tuong Ud" (Steplen, Glen Sta-afly) va canh bao v l thidn tai tren the gidi cua Cdng ty t u van Anh, cd 10 nude (trong dd cd Viet Nam) chiu t h a m boa thien tai Idn nhkt Thuc tien nude thay ddi T a m nhin mdi va phuong p h a p mdi cd diem xuat p h a t tii n h u n g dkc diem sau: Thii nhdt: Viet Nam chuyen sang kinh td' thi trtrong vko may nkm cudi the ^ X Sau chien tranh, Viet Nam vkn la mot nude ndng nghiep lac hdu, bi t a n pha nang nd cua cudc chien tranh dai 30 nam, gay nhieu kho khan khdi phuc va phat trien kinh td' vd n h i l u mat, nhat la co so vat chat 1^ thuat, i3nh trang ngheo ddi phd bidn sau chid'n tranh Tha hai: Khi hba binh tra lai theo diibng loi xdy dung the chdkinh td'kdhoEich tap tnmg cua Nhk nude, dua trdn chd dp cdng hihi vk phkn phdi binh qukn The chd' ky ngkn can tinh chii ddng sang tao cua ngiroi dkn vdi dac didm vimg midn khac nhau, ndn tinh trang ddi ngheo tkng Idn, xa hdi khdr^ dn dinh Tit thuc td' cua thd chd ay bude chiing ta thiia nhkn kinh td thi tnrong Thit ba: Vidt Nam tidn h a n h edng nghiep hoa theo kinh nghidm mdt sdnudc chku A bkng khai thac tai nguydn vk lao ddng re dd xuat khau, dd the che' td chiic quan ly kinh te' Ik su kit hop mdt cdch CO gidi nhiing dbi hoi cua kinh td thi tnrimg vdi mot sd bd phan thd chd cii (nhu kinh td' Nha nude, chi dao didu hanh mdt each hanh chinh) Tir cac dac diem ve thue tidn nude, cd the nhan rang: dh da chuyen sang nen kinh te thi tnibng va hdi nhap, nhung nude ta chua hinh thdnh duoc l^ ludn, tu vd phuong phdp phii hpp vdi t h w tien Nguy co tut h a u bat i ^ u d n tir dd, da phat sinh nhiing khuyet tat to chiic, can bd, dupc bdc Id thuc hidn kiem diem theo Nghi quyd't Trung uong (khokxi) n T h u c t i i n bidn ddi n h a n h citn CO t S m n h i n m d i , p h u o n g phap m d i Khi nhin thang vko thue tidn the gidi va nude dau the Isy XXI, cd the thay rang; Con diibng phat trien cua Viet Nam ed nhiing dac diim riing xu the chui^ cua thbi dai hien nay, quy ludt phdt triin cua cac nude di sau phai di theo dudng phdt trien rut ngdn Lich su phat trien kinh td thi trubng 300 nam qua cho thky rkng: Thdi gian phdt trdn tir mdt nude lac hau thknh mdt nude hidn dai cdng nit ngdn Neu nude Anh mb dau qua trinh edng nghiep hoa phai trai qua hon 100 nam mdi tro mot nude hien dai, cbn Hkn Qudc hien dai hoa sau nude Anh gan the ky thi ehi mkt 30 nkm, da tir mdc GDP/ngubi chi 50 USD da dat dd'n S.OOOUSD/ngubi cudi the l^XX So dl phat trien nit ngkn cua eac nude di sau tro quy lukt la do: - Tdc dd phat trien khoa hoc vk edng nghd ngky cang nhanh tao luc lupng san xuat cang hien dai, cho den miic "khoa hpc trb luc lupng san xuat true tiep" n h u C.Mac dubao - Ngudn nhan luc cho phat trien n ^ y cang hien dai hon n h a tuu khoa hoc va cdng nghe, giao due vk dko tao - Trinh dp to chiic va quan ly Doanh nghidp va Nha nude hudng vao phat trien luc lupng san xuat, tang n a i ^ sua^ lao ddng Siie manh va hieu qua td ehiie quan ly cua Doanh nghidp vk cua Nha nude la thuc ddy suliin kit hop tdc giiia eac td chiic nghien ciiu - triffli khai, to ehiie dao tao nhan luc vdi Doanh n g h i ^ , tao sue manh tdng hop cua Doanh nghiep va Qud'c gia - ydu to quyet dinh siic canh tranh Chinh sach dd'i ngoai hudng thang vko khdng chi ngudn vd'n dau t u ma chu yeu la biet lua chpn nhiing TUVeNGlAOS6ll-2012 29 Nghien cuu • Trao doi tuu tidn tidn cua the gidi (vd khoa hpc va cdng nghd, vl giko due vk dko tao, ve td chiic quan ly) va vkn dung vko phat trien Chii y s u khac nhau: thknh tuu tien tidn cua thd gidi khdng phdi nhttng cdi Vi0t Nam chua cd, neu khdng dk't nuoc ngky cang tut hku Cdn cd mdt td chiic tu vdn trinh dd cao mdi bidt lua chon diing, chu khdng phai nhung quyd't dinh hanh chfnh thukn tuy, ckng khdng thd chay theo tkng truong GDP bkng thu hiit vd'n dau t u nude ngoki, bo qua khku then chd't la lira chon trinh dd cdng nghe, td chuc quan ly eua d u k n Tit quy lukt phat trien n i t ngkn mk boi dirong cho can bd mdt tam nhin mdi (khac vdi tam nhin chi dua vko nhiing cai da bidt each hay vkn ban) va mot phuong phdp moi (khac vdi phuong phap hknh ehinh quan lieu phd bidn hidn nay) Tdm nhin mdi theo quy ludt phdt triin rut ngdn d Viit Nam.Tam nhin mdi la ket qua cua tu biin chiing trudc thuc tien bien ddi nhanh, the hien b: Mot Id, nhiing phat trien sang tao mdi me thuong phat sinh o noi giap ranh giiia cai cii vk cai mdi, tac ddng len Nha nghien ciiu ndi tid'ng W.Heisenberg cho rkng: "Trong lich sii tu lodi ngudi, nhiing phdt triin mang nhiiu thdnh qud nhdt thudng xdy tai noi md luong tu tudng khdc biet gap nhau" Ngiroi biet Ikng nghe se thay dupc nhung sang tao mdi me su van ddng cua 30 TUYEN GlAO SO' 11 - 2012 mku thulbi giiia cai cti vk cki mdi chfnh Ik ngubi cd tdm nhin mdi NhQng ngubi giko didu sach vo hay siing bki kinh nghidm, nhCing ngmri hknh chinh quan lidu ddu Ik nhOng ngubi khdng cd tdm nhin mdi Hai Id, tdm nhin mdi hien cbn thd hidn b nhkn bidt xu hudng liin kit, tim gdp nhau, Idm gidu cho giua cae gik tri nhkn thiic, nhu: - S u thkm nhkp vko giiia vkt ly vk tridt hpc ma ddu xu hudng g^n kdt giiia khoa hpc t u nhidn vdi khoa hpc xk hdi kinh td vk to chiic, quan 1^ - Su triing hpp v l nhdn thuc ludn cua n i n vkt ly hien dai vdi dao hpc phuong Ddng, nhkt la vdi Phkt giao (theo GS Nguyen Tiibng Bach) - S u lua chpn gia tri vk bo sung cho giua van hda phuong Ddng vdi van hda phuong Tky, dua dd'n lunh nen vkn hda cd ban skc dan tdc va hien dai, khac hkn Idi sd'ng tieu thu phuong Tky hay loi sd'ng cii, bao thu cua phuong Ddng Ba Id, tam nhin mdi cua can bd dupc the hien o nhkn thiie va van dung cac mdi quan he vdi gida ehinh tri vdi kinh ti; chinh tri vdi v&n hda Dky la ban ch£it cua Nha nude phap quyln Neu chinh tri tach rbi vdi kinh te phat trien bdn viing va van hda, thi chinh tri khdng the hien dupc ban chat Nhk nude phap quyln hidn dai Phuong phdp mdi Phuong phdp hi thdng, phai di l i i n vdi t d m nhin mdi thi mdi d a m bao cd hidu q u a : Didu cdn nhk't td chiic d i l u h k n h kinh te thi t r u b n g Ik phuong phdp hi thdng, dd co mk'y van dd chu ydu: Mdt Id, v l ck'u tnic td chuc - phai phii hop trinh dd phat tridn timg giai doan cua hd thd'ng kinh td' - xk hdi Ck'u tnic hd thdng hop ly thi mdi vkn ddng cd hidu qua, khac voi each tach - nhkp tidn y ehf, each 1km phong trao Hai Id, bao dam su tirong tac giiia cac bd phan cua cau tnic, cua td chiie Tuong tac (qua nhidu phuong phap) la each de mdi bd phkn he thd'ng tim giai phap tdi im vk hokn thidn vl td chiic, khac h k n each to chiic mdt each h k n h chinh tien Khdng cd tuong tac cdng khai minh bach thi nguy co vl tieu cue, cue bd, t h a m nhiing kho t r a n h khoi Ba la, ngubi diing dau to ehiie Ik mkt xich quan trpng nhk't cua s u van ddng, tuong tac cua ck'u tnic he thdng Ngubi diing dau cd vai trb mdt nhac truong cua dkn nhac, phai tao "Siie manh hop trdi" cua he thd'ng, khac h a n nhiing ngubi ditng dau he thd'ng h a n h chinh quan lidu Tdm lai, thuc tidn thbi dai vk dan tdc dang dat dbi hoi phai CO nhiing ngubi cd t a m nhin mdi va phuong p h a p mdi Hp thuc su la n h u n g ngiroi cd kha nang g a n h vac nhiem vu nang ne cua dat nude dang phat trien dkuthd'kyXXI./