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THIET HE UA TO CHUfC HOAT O O H G HOC TAP TiCH COC fliini BHO CHfiT LinrnG eino DUC TRirirnG HOC PHAN SAC LONG* T odn bg nhifm vy/hogt ddng ddi mdi phuong phdp kT thudt dgy hoc (PP KTDH) d tieu hge du[.]
THIET HE UA TO CHUfC HOAT O O H G HOC TAP TiCH COC fliini BHO CHfiT LinrnG eino DUC TRirirnG HOC PHAN SAC L O N G * odn bg nhifm v y / h o g t ddng ddi mdi phuong phdp - kT thudt dgy hoc (PP-KTDH) d tieu hge duge diln dgt bdi hogt ddng chu y l u eua nhd gido Id thiit ki' vd td chife hge sinh (HS) hogt dgng hgc tap tieh eye Cdng dogn ndy huy dgng cao nhdt vdi ti frgng Idn nhd't lao dgng supham ciia nhd gido cho tung bdi hgc, fief hgc hdng ngdy, hdng gid tren Idp Bdi viet fdp hgp gidi thifu nhung vd'n d l sdt sudn, khd di gdp phdn tieh eye hda hogt dgng eua nhd gido chu de ndy V I viee Idm (VL), PP-KTDH, thao tde (TT) vd thu thudt su phgm VL-TT Id mdt khdi niem mdi gdn ddy, ed y nghTa li ludn vd thye tien cuo loo ddng su phgm frong mdi lien he bdn chd't giifa phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) vdi kT thudt dgy hge (KTDH) Cdng nghf dgy hge (DH) thief ke hogt dgng DH fheo mgt quy trinh logic chdf che, bdng he thd'ng cdc Vi vdi ede hinh thifc td chife DH hgp li, frien khoi thdng quo cdc PPDH vd KTDH duge lyo chgn fheo hudng fdi uu hda PPDH Id tu tudng djnh hudng cdch thifc phdi duge thye fhi bdng KTDH fhdng qua ede TT KTDH Id sy xde ldp (kien tgo) finh hud'ng vd xu If finh hud'ng dd bdng mgt chudi cdc thao tdc kT thudt (TTKT) hay TT vdi nhifng thu thudt su phgm cy the (dugc vi nhu cdch xu li d'n tugng/hif u qud nhifng tinh hud'ng su phgm khdng mau myc), dd thtj thudt su phgm dieu luyfn the hifn trinh chuyen nghifp hdo KTDH Dilu fhdng nhd't vdi quan diem coi hogt dgng DH vifa Id khoa hge (bdi hogt ddng DH ludn dugc quy djnh bdi ndi dung vd PPDH) vuo Id nghi thudt (bdi nd duge f h l hifn fhdng qua cdc TTICT vdi cdc thu thudt su phgm) Cd hoi k>gl TTKT hgc fdp tich eye thudng xuyen duge vdn dyng Id 77 tu (gdm phdn tich, tdng hgp, so sdnh, khdi qudt hdo, trifu tugng hdo ) vd 77vdt chdt/hdnh ddng (gdm dgc, ndi, vilf, hdnh dgng fren coc edng cy vd phucmg tifn DH) T VL (PP-KTDH) - 77ld nhOng cdp khdc tuong dd'i, frong dd VL Id don vj eo bdn nhdt cd'u thdnh hogt dgng DH bdi hgc Mdi VL hodn thdnh mgt nhiem vy/myc tieu thdnh phdn eua bdi hgc; cdn TT Id don vj kT thudt nhd nhd't vd Id don vj cud'i Cling hodn thdnh mgt VL hogc nhifm vy hgc fdp tuong ung Tuy nhien, ngodi quon hf tht/ bdc, VL (PP-KTDH) - TT cdn cd the chuyen hda Idn nhau, ddng nhd't vdi nhou frong mdt so trudng hgp dde bief; vi the, fa cung cd the su dung cdc thudt ngir lien hgp nhu PP-KTDH, VL-TTKf DH Td hgp VL (PP-KTDH) - TT cung vdi tu phdt hien se ddn ddt hogt ddng su phgm eua GV nhe nhdng, h/ nhien vd hifu qud den vife thief k l - td chuc HS hogt ddng hgc tdp tfch eye Cdc nhdm PP-KTDH bdi len Idp thdng dyng 1) Nhdm KTDH niu vd gidi quyet vdn di Nhdm ndy da dgng, phong phii cdc bifn phdp KTDH thdng dyng nhd't, chiem ti trgng Idn nhd't hifn nay, tuong t/ng vdi khd'i lugng ndi dung chuong trinh DH, si/ dyng tdng hgp vd phd'i hgp ede TT tu duy, TT vgf chd't ede ngi dung PPDH cdc bdi hgc: DH tidp can ngi dung bdi hge mdi, thudng dung kT thudt (KT) neu finh hud'ng; KT dgt cdu hdi ggi md (hf thd'ng cdu hdi sdp xep tif de den khd), bdi tdp ddn ddt su phdt hien ; - DH hinh thdnh khal niem thudng diing ICT md td, neu thi dy, so sdnh, khdi qudt hda ; - DH cung cd'khdi niim thudng dung KT tim vi dy, phdn vi dy ; - DH ti) vd cdu, thudng diing KT gidi nghTo tu; KT biln ddi ddng nghTa, bien ddi trdi nghTo (tif, y edu) ; - DH edm thy, phdn tich fdc phdm thudng diing KT dgc (dgc to, dgc fhdm, dgc dien cdm); KT lien tudng, dung hinh fugng, suy nghT, phdt bieu edm tudng; KT gidng - binh 2) Nhdm KT luyin fdp Td't cd cdc mdn ' Chirong trinh Ban bao Mt Invng giio due tniOng hgc - B4 Giao diciaBaotfo Tap chi Glao due so 9 (ki i la/aoiai hgc deu ed bdi luyfn tdp, nhd't Id Tii'ng Viit Vdn, cdc mdn khoo hgc tu nhien Tuy theo mdn hgc, bdi hgc, KT luyfn tdp cd the dung: - KT « gidng - luyin" gdm: «vi>a gidng vifa luyfn'' (dgy den ddu, luyfn top vdn dyng den dd) hodc «vt/a luyfn vira gidng" (luyfn tdp den ddu Cling ed, dn top kien thi/c den dd); - KT chung minh, frong dd ed KT van dyng cdc PP cht/ng minh dd ed ddi vdi khoo hgc bd mdn nhu quy ngp, phdn tich tdng hgp Trong luyfn tdp cdn ed KT lya chgn, sdp xep he thdng bdi tdp ft/ d l d i n khd, ti/ don gidn den phuc tgp; nhifng bdi fdp eijng cd' kien tht/c den bdi vdn dyng tdng hgp hf fhdng kien tht/c de ren kT ndng tdng hgp, ddy Id mgt nghf thudt - thii thudt su phgm ddng luu y 3) Nhdm KT Idm viic vdi sdch vd thii't bj DH Ldm vife vdi sdch vd thilt bj DH cd y nghTo rfen luyfn, ndng coo ndng Iyc fy hgc, bao gdm: - KT fri gide tdi lifu mdi vd torn tdf ndi dung, thu hogch kit qud; KT neu cdu hdi sou TT dgc; KT ddi chieu, so sdnh rut ro ket ludn; KT thoo tde fren thief bj DH dgng finh (tranh dnh, bdn dd ); KT thao tdc thief bj DH dgng dgng (thi nghiem thyc hdnh ); KT st/ dyng mdy tinh, su dyng phdn mim DH; Nhdm KTDH vuo neu ddi hdi sy kheo leo, finh thdng vdi ede thu thudt hgp If vdi trinh hifn dgi hdo KTDH 4) Nhdm PP-KTDH hgp fdc, tuong fdc Nhdm ndy gdm cdc cdch tht/c td chuc hogt ddng hge tdp cho HS, cd f h l cd sy ddng nhd't PP vd KTDH: Tdeht/e Idm vife nhdm (nhu diing «khdn bdn'', «mdnh ghep" cung vdi KT xt> li finh hud'ng nhu thdo ludn, neu thdc mde, gidi thich, kef ludn ); KT ro philu hge tdp, philu gioo vife cho cd nhdn, eho nhdm, khuyen khich HS ty f h l hifn tdi ndng cdm thy frong bdi tdp dgc fhi dgc Igi Id mdt thao tdc Thiet ke hogt ddng DH tich cue Ody Id kT ndng su phgm cdf ldi ddm bdo vd ndng coo hifu qud, chd't lugng DH - tich cue hdo hogt dgng hge tdp nhdm khai thde fdi mgl co hdi Idm viec cho HS gid hgc DH phdi vuon tdi/dgt fdi dgy HS cdch hgc Mgt edeh udc If, viee //i/ef ie'vd td chirc HS hogt dgng hge tap tieh eye frong tifng bdi hge/tiet hgc (sou ddy ggi Id bdi hge) ddi hdi phdi djnh ro duge mgt hf thdng VL; mdi VL ddn den mgt hogc mdt sd VL khdc (bdng PP, KT, TT) de hodn fhdnh nhifm vy hge fdp Khdng cd PP chung cho mdi bdi hge PPKTDH hinh fhdnh tif mdi VL De thief ke dugc hi thd'ng VL - cdc hogt ddng hgc tap tieh eye, edn: - Phdn tieh suphgm bdi hgc mgt cdch kT ludng, thd'u ddo; flip theo, phdt hiin vd xde djnh nhifm vy, hf thd'ng VL frong mdi bdi hgc; Idm rd ede fhdnh phdn (don vi kien thi/e - kTndng) cd'u thdnh bdi hgc, tt>dd coi nhifm vy hinh thdnh dugc mdi don vj (kiln thuc - kT ndng) cd'u fhdnh dy Id mgt VL frong bdi hgc; - Tilp tyc xem xet phdt hiin tli'p mdi VL dy dy kiln su dyng nhirng PP-KTDH ndo, lyo chgn tdi uu hda bdng cdc TTKT thfch hgp vdi tinh hinh Idp hge, cdc ddi fugng HS, eho d i n thoo tdc cud'i ciing ta hodn thdnh xong mgt VL Trong mdi ndi dung hogc finh hud'ng su phgm ed f h l thilt k l nhilu hinh thue fd chuc hogt ddng khde nhou, lyo chgn hinh thi/e tdi uu nhd't, sdt vdi HS h/ng dd'i h/gng; - Thdng ki sdp xep ede VL (PP-KTDH)-TT vua xong, to ed mdt hf fhdng cdc hogt ddng edn thief ke' - Rd sodt, tu chinh Igi he thdng trin d l ed chfnh thuc mdt he thdng VL(PP-KTDH)-TT tdi uu eho hogt ddng DH Cung ed the su dyng so dd fu (gidi thifu frong modul tdp hud'n SEQAP), Phdn tich - Tdng 5) Nhdm KT kidm tra, ddnh gid, boo gdm: hgp (hodc md hinh cdu hdi me - edu hdi dd KT thilt k l hf thd'ng ngi dung kiem tra tifng mdn, quen) de* thief ke hf thd'ng VL-PP-H KTDH tt>ng logi bdi; KT thief ke mdu philu kiem fro Kfng Td chuc hogt ddng hgc top tich ci/c bdi; KT d l HS h/ kilm fro kit qud ciio minh, cuo choHS bgn minh Kfng bdi len Idp; KT phdi hgp Ndi chung, thief ke hf thd'ng vife Idm Id nhdm cdc hinh thirc, cdc lye lugng kiem fro, ddnh gid; de td ehi/c HS Idm viic, ti>c Id td cht/c hogt ddng KT xt/ li sou kilm tro, ddnh gid hgc fdp eho HS fheo hudng tieh eye hdo, mud'n Vi$c phdn logi cdc nhdm PP-KTDH ndi trin vdy, GV phdi vdn dyng thiet ke vdi trinh kr chi Id luong dd'i, bai mgt TTcd the duge su dung ndng vd sy linh hogt edn thief Chu y: - Giao viie Irong nhOng KTDH khdc nhau; Chdng hgn: bdi rd rdng eho HS vd ddnh dtj fhdi gion eho HS suy hgc vdn thi c^gc Id mdt viic nhung vdl wee dgy nghT Idm vife mgi thdi diem thugc Hen frinh Tap chi Glao due s6 9 • la/aoia) Phan Sac Long Cac bai viet vi k\ ning su pham, phirong phap va k\ thuat day hoc trfin Tap ehi Gido due (s6' 5, 6, 7/200.3; so 115/2005; so 226/12-2009) li^dt sdki thudt "Day vd hpc tich cue " (Module t)6i duOng Irong SEQAP) SUMMARY The article discusses the issue of designing and organizing teachers' active learning activities, on the txjsis of mastering teaching methods and techniques as well as several basic pedagogic skills in order to orgonize students' active and creative study in the teaching process