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® G U D DUC NUOC NGOAI KINH NGHIEM THUf NGHIEM VA DANH GIA CHUUNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA PHO THONG Of Ml VA HAN QUOC 1 Kinh nghiim thff nghiem v l danh gia chUomg trinh d Mi va Han Qudc 1 1 Kinh nghiem[.]
® G U D DUC NUOC NGOAI KINH NGHIEM THUf NGHIEM VA DANH GIA CHUUNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA PHO THONG Of Ml VA HAN QUOC PGS.TS NGUYEN Til HANH n^i Khoa bgc Gllo dye n$l Nam Kinh nghiim thff nghiem v l danh gia chUomg trinh d Mi va Han Qudc 1.1 Kinh nghiem ddnh gid vd thir nghiim chuang trinh d Mi Gilo dgc (GO) d Mi l i n i n GD mang d i m tinh phin quyin (J cip qudc gia, ehinh phd soan thio v i trinh qudc hdi p h i ehuln Luit GD Trln co sd Luit niy, timg bang elc dao luit v l GD, td chdc biln soan chuong trinh GD (CTGD) cho bang minh Dga t r l n CTGD eda bang, mdi trUdng biln soan ehucmg trinh (CT) eda trudng CT eda bang l i CT khung, CT nhi trudng l i CT chi tilt Chdc ning cda CT khung l i tfnh hudng mgc tilu, ndi dung, phuong phip, eleh thde dlnh gll, chi d i n vln dung CT phd hpp vdl n h i trudng Chdc ning eda CT nhi trudng l i ehi t i l t hda d e ndi dung eo b i n eda CT khung d l hiln thgc hda CT khung eda bang tdng trudng hpe CT khung d n ed dp linh hoat eao di d e trudng hpc ed t h i vin dgng nd vio tdng dilu kiln day hpe eg t h i eda trudng CT n h i trudng cung cin ed dd linh hoat d l d c giio viln cd t h i vln dgng nd vio timg bdl cinh Idp hpc vdl nhdng die diem rilng v l hpe sinh, eo sd v i t chit thilt bi, gllo viln 1.1.1 Hogt ddng ddnh gid CTGD CTGD dgpc dlnh g i i bdi eie ehd t h i : d n bp quin li GD d vung, hllu trudng trudng hpc, giao vlln, hpe sinh, dai diln hdi ddng GD eua bang (gdm d c nghj si, doanh nhin, tri thdc dai diln cha me hpe sinh ) Cd ba loai t i l u ehi dlnh g l l CTGD: tieu chf v l elu trde, t i l u ehi v l dp linh hoat tilu chf v l k i t q u i hpc t i p eda hpc sinh a) CIc t i l u chi v l elu trde eho phip t r i Idi nhdng d u hdi sau: - Mgc t i l u cda CT d l t h i hiln dd triet li GD ehua? - CIc thinh td cua ndi dung CT d l the hiln dd nhdng ning lge ein d i o tao hpe sinh ehua? - H I thdng cic mdn hpe v i hoat ddng GD da phu hpp vdl vile d i o tao elc ning Igc chua? Cae mdn hpc d l ttch hpp hpp li chua? - Ndi dung hpc tap cd thgc su d n thilt khdng, cd tao hdng thd v i thilt thgc vdi ngudi hpc khdng, cd q u i t i l khdng? - Chiln lupe day hpc (bao gdm d c phuong phap day hpc) ed phu hpp vdi mge tilu cua CT khdng? - Phuong thde dlnh g i i k i t q u i hpe t i p ed phu 62 •KHOA HOC OAO DVC hpp vdi mgc t i l u CT khdng? - Cie dilu kien v l co sd v i t chit thilt bj cda trudng hpc cd d i p dng vdi ndi dung hpe t i p v i chiln lupe day hpe khdng? -Trinh dd eda hllu trudng, cda giio viln ed dip dng vdi vile triln khai ndi dung hpe t i p v i chiln lupe day hpe khdng? * Cdng eg dlnh g l l loai t i l u chi niy: philu phdng vln, blng hdi, philu quan sit b) Cie t i l u ehi v l dd linh hoat eho phip t r i Idi nhdng elu hdi sau: - Lilu mue t i l u eda CTGD bang ed t h i thgc hiln dupe dly du d t i t e l elc trudng hpe? - NhOng ndi dung hpe t i p eda CTGD bang ed t h i cg t h i hda dupc d CT n h i trudng khdng ? - Chiln lupe day hpe n l u CTGD bang phu hpp vdl gllo viln v i d e dilu kiln eo sd vit chit d phin Idn trudng hpe khdng ? - CTGD bang ed ehi d i n dd di d n bd quin li d e vdng trudng v i hieu trudng thilt k l CT nhi trudng khdng? * Cdng cg danh g l l loai tilu ehi niy: philu phdng van, blng hdi, philu quan sit c) Cie tilu chi v l k i t q u i hpe t i p cda hpc sinh cho phip t r i Idi nhdng elu hdi sau: - Kit q u i hpe tap eda hpe sinh da phin Inh nhdng ning Igc edt Idi d n d i o tao n l u CTGD ehUa? - Kit qua hpe t i p eda hpe sinh d l xic dinh dupe nhdng thinh tieh v i nhdng han c h l eda hpe sinh ehua? - Kit q u i hpc t i p cda hpc sinh d i cung d p nhdng thdng tin gl de dilu chinh CTGD? * Cdng eg danh g l l loai t i l u ehi niy: philu phdng vln, blng hdi, d e bii kilm tra v l l t elc bii kiem tra v l n dip, hd so thinh tfch hpc t i p eda hpe sinh 1.13 Hogt ddng thCf nghiim CTGD a) Mge t i l u eda hoat ddng thd nghiim CTGD bao gdm: - Xle dinh mdc dd linh hoat eda CTGD d i p dng vdl thgc t l cda d e vung v i cic trudng hpc - Xac dinh tfnh thi eda CTGD thgc t l b) Ndi dung thd nghiim bao gdm: - Thd nghiim CT khung cda bang da dupe elc vung v i d c ttUdng eg t h i hda thinh CT ehi t i l t GIAO DUC NUOCNGOAl cda nhi ttUdng, cg t h i hda thinh t i i lilu day hpe d nhdng mdn hpe v i nhdng ndi dung hpe t i p cda mdn ed nhilu thay ddi; -Thd nghifm d c dilu ki|n day hpc theo CT mdi tai trudng hpc; - Thd nghi|m d c h dinh gii kit q u i hpe tap mdi c) Odi tupng thd nghiim gdm: - Oja bin thd nghiim: chpn mlu tfIn hinh, hole chpn vdng khd khin (nghiing hon v l chpn mlu diln hinh); - Chpn trudng: Mdi trudng ehi thd nghiim mdt clp, hole mdi trudng thd nghiim e l hai clp THCS viTHPT; - Chpn gllo viln v i hpc sinh: khdng cd Iga chpn Uu tiln nio d) Quy trinh v i phuong phip thd nghiim - Thd nghiim CT blng cich td ehde biln soan sich gllo khoa (SGK) thd nghiim - nhin phin hdi cda tie g l l SGK v i gllo viln; -Thd nghi|m CT diln hep: day hpe theo CTGD mdi d khoing 30 trudng eho ba d p - nhin phin hdi eda tie gll SGK, gllo vlln, d n bd quin If, hpe sinh, phg huynh; - Thd nghiim CT md rdng: day hpe theo CTGD mdi d theo elc dia b i n d l chpn - nhin phin hdi eua tie gll SGK, gllo vlln, ein bd quin If, hpc sinh, phg huynh, edng luin e) Phuong phip thd nghiim - Chpn nhdng mdn hpe ed nhilu thay ddi d l thd nghifm; - Chpn mdt sd ndi dung hpc t i p mdi nhCfng mdn hpc d l chpn de thd nghiim; - Thd nghiim ddng thdi ba clp hpc ed phin thinh d e glai doan: giai doan thd nghiim elc Idp dlu cda mdi d p , gial doan thd nghiim d c Idp cudi eda mdi clp; -Thdi gian thd nghiim: thd nghiim hep khoing mdt nlm, thd nghiim md rdng khoing hai nim, tdng kit v i dlnh g l l khoing mdt nlm g)Tllu chf dlnh g l l thd nghiim CTGD T$p trung ehd y l u vio d c loai t i l u chl: - Clu trde; -Bdlinhho?t; - Kit q u i hpc t i p cda hpc sinh 13 Kinh nghiim ddnh gid vd thU nghiim chuang trinh iHdn Qudc GD d Hin Qudc l i n i n GD thiln v l t i p quyin hon l i phin quyin d clp qudc gia, chfnh phd soan thio v l trtnh qudc hdi p h i ehuln Luit GD Trln co sd Lu$t niy, chfnh phu giao nhilm vg cho Bd Gilo dgc td chdc biln so^n CTGD cho qudc gia Dga trln CTGD qudc gia, mdi tinh t i l p tgc eg t h i hda, chi t i l t hda ^ CTGD qudc gia eho phu hpp vdi dja phuong thinh d e t i i lilu hudng d i n thgc hiln CT CIc trudng hpe dga trln t i i lilu hudng d i n eda tinh m i biln soan CT chi t i l t phu hop vdi dilu kiln day hpc cda trudng (gpi l i CT nhi trudng) CT qudc gia l i CT khung, CT nhi trudng la CT chi tilt Chdc ning cda CT khung l i djnh hudng muc tilu, ndi dung, phuong phip, eleh thde dinh gll, chi dan v l n dung CT phd hpp vdi nhi trudng Chdc ning cda CT nhi trudng l i chi t i l t hoi elc ndi dung eo bin eda CT khung d l hlln thgc hda CT khung tdng trudng hpc CT khung d n ed dd linh hoat cao de d e trudng hpc cd t h i vln dgng nd vio tdng dilu kiln day hpe eg t h i cda trudng CT nhi trudng cung d n ed dp llnh hoat d l cic GV ed t h i vln dung nd vio tdng bdi einh Idp hpe vdi nhdng hpe sinh, cd sd vit chit thilt bj, gllo viln ed die diem rilng b i l t 1.2.1 Hogt ddng ddnh gid CTGD Nhin ehung, hoat ddng dlnh gll CTGD d Hin Qudc diln tuang tg nhu d Mi 1.2.2 Hogt ddng thU nghiim CTGD Nhin ehung, hoat ddng thd nghiim CTGD d Hin Qudc diln tuong tg nhu d Mi Tuy nhlln, cd mdt sd sg khlc bilt vile chpn dja bin thd nghiim: - Hin Qudc chpn vung khd khin d l thd nghiim chuong trinh vl eho ring vdi vung khd khin m l ehuong trinh cd tinh thi thi ed t h i thgc hifn thi CTGD trln toin qudc - Hin Qudc ehi ddng hai loai tilu chi d l dinh gii thd nghiim CTGD l i : loai tilu ehi clu true v i loai t i l u chf kit qui hpe tap eda hpe sinh Kinh nghiem danh g i i v l thijr nghiem SGK d M i v a Han Qudc Mi v i Hin Qudc l i hai qudc gia edng tham gla vio nhilu td ehde GD, nhilu hoat ddng GD mang tinh toin d u Cl hai qudc gia niy dlu thgc hiln ehinh sleh da dang SGK Vile td ehde biln soan sich elc nhi xult bin dgpc Nhi nude eho phip xuat bin sleh GD dim nhilm Theo luit GD eda mdi nude d c nhi xuat bin dupe phip mdi tie gii biln soan sleh vdi thinh phin bao gdm: cie ehuyin gia GD d trudng dai hpc viln nghiin edu; d e giio viln gidL Quy trinh biln soan sleh dupe quy djnh: Sau cd b i n thio, sleh phii dupe thd nghiim trude d l trinh hdi ddng tham djnh Vile thd nghiim sleh nhdm tie g i i tg thd nghiim v i cd bio d o v l thd nghiim kim theo b i n thio sleh trinh hdi ddng tham djnh Hdi ddng thim djnh ed trieh nhilm tham tfnh SGK theo d c tilu chi: 1/ Phu hpp vdi ehgong trtnh; 2/ Ndi dung sich gdm nhdng hoat ddng dip sd M-IHANG 9/2012 ã 63 đ GlAODUCNU0CNGOAl dng nhu clu v i nang hpe eda nhilu hpc sinh; 3/ Cd phin trdng d l giio viln hUdng d i n hole d l hpe sinh tg hpe; 4/Thi hlln cic phuong phip day hpc tich ege; 5/ Cd phin dinh g l l kit q u i hpc t i p sau timg giai doan; 6/Trinh biy khoa hpc v i hip din; 7/ Khdng cd nhdng vln d l nhay elm nhu gidi tinh, da sle tdc, da ngdn ngd ; 8/ Chit lupng in, gily tdt va gii hpp li Clu trde eda bd SGK thudng bao gdm: Sleh b i t budc: sich hpe (textbook), sich bii t i p (vi/orkbook), nhdng bing tfa kim theo; Sich tg chpn: sleh tham khio d l luyin t i p thim, sich dinh gia d l hpc sinh tg dlnh gii kit qui hpc tip Mot sd djnh hUdng cua V i l t Nam hoc tap kinh nghiim cda Mi v i Han Qudc danh gia thiV nghiim chUorng trinh va SGK a/ Mi l i qudc gia phin quyin manh GD qudc gla niy quin li nhi nudc theo eleh phin quyin trln nhilu ITnh vge kinh t l - x l hdi, dd ed kinh nghiim d l thgc hiln phin quyin GD Sg phin quyin cd mat manh l i dja phuong, trudng hpe dupe quyin tg ehd eao, phit huy dupe mat manh eda dja phuong v i trudng hpe thgc hlln CTGD Mat han c h l eda phin quyin II sg da dang ddi khd tao dupe tinh thdng nhit cao thgc hiln sd minh eda GD ddi vdl x i hdi tdng thdi kl Dilu kiln quan trpng d l thuc hlln phin quyin l i d n bd GD d dja phuong v l eo sd ein cd trinh dp cao d l cd t h i tg ehd nhilu hoat ddng liln quan d i n xiy dgng v i triln khai thgc hien CTGD b/ Hin Qudc l i qudc gla thgc hiln t i p quyin GD kit hpp vdi phin quyin tdng bude Nude niy da thuc hiln tdt ehinh sleh toin qudc hpe mdt ehuong trtnh Vile phin d p tdng bude eho phip d c tinh hudng dan nhi trudng v l n dgng CT qudc gia eho phd hop vdl die dilm eda dja phuong, eho phip d c trudng hpc dga t r l n CT qudc gia v i hudng dan cda tinh m i biln soan CT nhi trudng Bd Glao due Hin Qudc ed quan dilm: phli tap quyin tdt d l rdl mdi phin quyin Tip quyin di vile thgc hien CTGD ed ki cUOng, cd n l nip, k i t q u i GD cd tinh thdng nhit cao dd de kilm s o i t Phin quyin de CT cd dp mim dio, linh hoat phd hpp vdi tdng dja phuong v l tdng trudng hpc tao dilu kiln tdt nhit di dja phuong va trudng hpe thgc hiln dgpc mgc tilu eda CT qudc gia Trong thuc hiln tap quyin v i phin quyin tdng budc cic ein bd quin li GD sl dupe ning dan trinh dp quin li d l t i l p ein vdi mdt nin GD phin quyin d Vilt Nam giai doan hiln v l sau nlm 2015 l i mdt nudc ed nin GD t i p quyin 64'KHOA Hgc GUO DVC manh Nlu theo md hinh phin quyin eda GD Mi thi trinh dp eda d n bd quin If ehua dip dng kjp Mat khlc chdng ta cung khdng t h i t i p quyin qui manh din din mdt nin GD It dd linh hoat kim thfch dng vdi nhu elu eda x l hdi v l GD v i dilu kiln thgc hiln CTGD d cic tfa phucmg Vllt Nam ed t h i hpe t i p mdt sd kinh nghiim eua MT dinh gii thd nghiim CTviSGKdehd: - Chd trpng d i n elc t i l u chf linh hoat eie t i l u chf v l CO sd ting (trudng Idp, trang thilt bi, mdi trudng GD thin thiln, d i n ehd) thgc hiln CTGD thgc t l -Thd nghiem CT v i SGK theo hudng tinh giin, gpn nhe, ed trpng dilm Md hinh GD t i p quyin ed phin quyin tdng bude d Hin Qudc ed nhilu dilm g i n gui vdi dilu kiln hien tai cda Vllt Nam Chdng ta ed t h i hpe t i p ntiilu kinh nghiim eda Hin Qudc dlnh gii thd nghiim CT v i SGK, eg t h i l i : - Chd trpng d i n d e tilu ehi dinh g i i CT khung eda qudc gia eho CT khung t h i hlln dUpc dd ylu elu v l dio tao ngudi eda x l hdi cdng nghiip hda v i hiln dai hda; - Chu trpng d i n d e t i l u chf dinh gll tfnh thi eda CT vdi elc ddi tupng hpe sinh, gllo vlln, ein bd quin If GD; - Tip trung thd nghiim CTGD d vung khd khin d l xle djnh phin co bin eda CTGD; -Oanh gii lien tgc CTGD v i SGK q u i trinh thd nghiem v i thgc hiln dai t r i CT va SGK TAILI6UTHAMKHAO Jon W/iles and Joseph Bondi, Curriculum Development A guide to Practice Pearson Education Inc 2002 Mai Leicestet Celia Modgil and Sohan Modgil, Classroom issuses: Practice, Pedagogy, Curriculum, NewJork: falmer Press, 1999 William E Doll, A Post-Modern Perspective o Curriculum, New York Teacher Collge Press, 1993 INCA - http-y/ww.inea.org.uk KICE - http://www.kice.re.kr Kinh nghiim qudc ti vi phdtttienchuang trinh gido due thdng, NXB Oai hpc Qudc gia Hi Ndi, 2011 SUMMARY The article has presented key experiences regarding the piloting and evaluation of curriculu and textbooks ie United States and South Korea Ba on this, the author has proposed some orientatio for the piloting and evaluation of curriculum and textbooks in Vietnam ... tap kinh nghiim cda Mi v i Han Qudc danh gia thiV nghiim chUorng trinh va SGK a/ Mi l i qudc gia phin quyin manh GD qudc gla niy quin li nhi nudc theo eleh phin quyin trln nhilu ITnh vge kinh. .. y l u vio d c loai t i l u chl: - Clu trde; -Bdlinhho?t; - Kit q u i hpc t i p cda hpc sinh 13 Kinh nghiim ddnh gid vd thU nghiim chuang trinh iHdn Qudc GD d Hin Qudc l i n i n GD thiln v l t... thd nghiim CTGD l i : loai tilu ehi clu true v i loai t i l u chf kit qui hpe tap eda hpe sinh Kinh nghiem danh g i i v l thijr nghiem SGK d M i v a Han Qudc Mi v i Hin Qudc l i hai qudc gia