GIflOOUC fiflOTI a ^ Xay drag chi so danh gia miic do dap iing voi cong viec t I m sinh vien tot nghiep dai hoc qua y Iden ngiroi i dung lao dong Ths Phgm Vdn Nam Viin Khoa hgc Gido due Vigl Nam Bg Gi[.]
a^ GIflOOUC-fiflOTI Xay drag chi so danh gia miic dap iing voi cong viec m sinh vien tot nghiep dai hoc qua y Iden ngiroi i dung lao dong t I Ths Phgm Vdn Nam Viin Khoa hgc Gido due Vigl Nam- Bg Gido difc vd Ddo tgo Email- pvnam@moel edu.vn PGS.TS Vu Hodng Ngan Dgi hgc Kinh ti Qudc ddn Trong Nghf quyit Dgi hgi Ddng ldn thir IX yeu cdu vi ndng cao ehdt hrgng gido dyc dgi hgc dugc xdc dinh cft llii: "M& rgng hgp ly qui md gido dyc dgi hgc, ldm ehuyen biin rd nit vi chdt lugng vd hiiu qud ddo tgo " Mgc tiiu eua gido dgc dgi hgc Id cung cap ngudn nhdn lgc dirge ddo tgo & trinh dg nhdl djnh cho xd hgi, thue ddy suphdt triin kinh le - xd hgi ciia ddt nu&c V&i each tiip cgn ndy, chdt lugng ddo tgo co thi dirge ddnh gid qua ndng luc ddp img nhu cdu nhdn luc ciia ngir&i dugc ddo tgo sau hodn thdnh chirong trinh ddo tgo Tren linh thdn do, viec lim hiiu cdc vdn de lien quan din vige ddnh gid chdl lugng dao tgo dai hgc qua y kien ddnh gid ngu&i sir dung lao dgng vi nhiing lao dgng co trinh dg dgi hgc Men dang ldm vige cdc to chuc nhu Id mgt phuang phdp tiip cgn hiiu qud n6 lgc ndng cao chdl lugng ddo tgo dgi hgc Bdi viil ndy tap trung nghien cuu khdi nigm vd xdy dung chi s6 ddnh gid mirc ddp img v&i cong viec cua sinh viin t6t nghiip dgi hgc qua y kiin ngu&i sir dung lao dgng Tu khoa: Chat Iupng ddo tgo, tifiu chi ddnh gia, chi so ddnh gid, m&c dap iing, sinh vifin tdt nghifp dgi hpc, s& dgng lao ddng, ngudi sir dgng lao dpng Mpl so khai niem cd lien quan den van de nghien curu nang, nhu cdu, hiing ihii, dgc tinh nhan cdch, ) Trong giao dgc, cdc nhd nghien ciru cd nhftng quan nifm eg thfi hon vfi khdi nifm ddnh gid cho phii hpp vdi ddi tupng nghien ciiu Ddnh gid (assessment) Id mpt khdi nifm biln va khdng thdng nhat gi&a cac nhd nghien ciiru trfin thfi gidi Tuy thupc vdo mye lieu ddnh gid ma moi Nha nghifin ciru giao dye Ralph Tyler quan nifim: tac gia cd nhung djnh nghTa khdc Ndi tong Qud trinh ddnh gid chii yfiu Id qud trinh xdc djnh qudt thi bat ky phuong phdp ndo dupc su dgng dl -mdc dp thyc hifn cdc mye tifiu cdc chuong tgp hpp, thu thgp thdng tin (quan sat, phdng van, trinh gido dyc (Robert L.Linn vd M David Miller, nghifin ciin ho sa, nghifin ciiu vdn bdn, nghien ciru 2001) 6ng cdn triln khai thfim: danh gia chdt lupng sdn phdm, bdng hdi, trdc nghifm, ) vl doi tupng gido dyc la xem xet miic dp dgt dupc ciia muc tifiu can ddnh gia nham mye dich ndo dd (ra quylt djnh, giao dyc sau mpt giai dogn nhat dinh va the hifn tap tinh todn hifu qua, so sdnh vdi chuan, ) deu dupc trung d "san phim gido due" Trong do, A.I gpi la ddnh gid Danh gia Irong khoa hpc xa hpi thyc Vroeijenslijn Igi cho rdng, danh gia chdt lupng la chat Id md td, ly gidi sy cd m§t hay vdng mdt (tan mpi hogt dpng cd cau tnic nhdm dua den su xem xfit suat, m&c df quan trpng, ciia nhihig bilu hifn cy ve chat Iupng cua qua trinh dgy hpc, bao gdm lir the) cua dgc tinh can ddnh gid (kiln thftc, thdi dp, ky danh gid hay danh gid bdi cac chuyen gia td ben So 186 Ihdng 12/2012 67 KiDhliPMt trien •iflODUC-BtoTflO ngodi (Educational Psychology 1997) Xem xet nhftng dilm tuang dong vd khac bift cac quan nifm vl ddnh gid gido dgc, cd Ihl hilu: a/ Ddnh gid Id mpl qua Iriiiln b/ Ddnh gid Id qud trinh thu thgp thdng tin ve lufn trgng chat lupng vd hifu qua ngujen nhan vd khd ndng ciia ngudi hpc; c/ Danh gid gdn bd chdt chfi vdi cdc mgc lieu, chuan gido dgc; vd 61 Ddnh tiia tgo co sd dc \udt nhftng quyet djnh thich hpp dc cai thifn thyc trang nang cao chat Iupng va hifu qua dgy hpc vii giao dgc cong vifc cua sinh vien t i t nghifp dai hpc qua y kiln ngudi sir dung lao d$ng Ddnh gid mdc dp ddp ung vdi cdng vifc ciia sinh vien tot nghifp dgi hpc chinh Id ddnh gid muc dp ddp lgi nhftng yfiu cau ciia cdng vifc dya trfin ndng lyc ciia sinh vifin l6t nghifp dgi hpc phan tren, chimg la da biet ve cdc chi so ludng vd ddnh gia ndng Iyc ciia sinh vien tot nghifp dgi hpc theo quan dilm Clia mpl so nhd nghifin ciiu Tuy nhien, ngudi su dgng lao dpng khdng phdi liic ndo cung cd nh&ng tifiu chi/ tieu chuan vl ndng lyc ciia ngudi lao dpng gilng vdi cdc nhd nghien cuu vd vdi trudng dgi hpc ien CO sd dd va cdn cu vao nliftng nfit d$c thii cua Mdc dil v§y, mpt s6 tifiu chi cd Ihl triing gido dgc co thi su dgng djnh nghTa ve danh gid Theo Hifp h^i cdc doanh nghifp ciia My ngudi gido dgc nhu sau: Ddnh gid Irong gido dgc Id qud Irinh ihu thgp vd iy giai kip th&i, co hg thdng thong lao d$ng cln cd ndng lyc then chot (Report on tin vi hign trgng, kha ndng hay nguyin nhdn vi chat Employment and Labour Market, 2002): luprng vd higu qud gido dgc cdn cu vdo mgc lieu dgy hgc muc niu ddo tgo ldm ca s& cho nhCmg chii trirang, bign phdp vd hdnh dgng gido dgc liep theo 1/ Thu thgp, phan tich vd to chdc Ihdng lin; 11 Truyen bd nhflng lu ludng va Ihdng tin; 3/ Ke hogch hoa vd to chuc cdc hogl dpng; Ddnh gia la qua trinh thu thdp thdng lin nhd sft 4/ Ldm vifc vdi ngudi khdc; dgng cac phuang phdp, ihii lgc hay kJ thugt nhu 5/ Su dgng nhl^ng y tudng vd ky thuat todn hpc; quan sdl, phdng van, nghifin cuu ho so, sdn phdm 6/ Gidi quylt van dfi, & qua cdc bp cdng eg nhu: phieu trung cau y kien, bdng hdi, phieu dieu Ira, bdng lift kfi vd trdc nghifm 11 Su dyrg cdng nghf Nhu vay, mpi sy ddnh gia Ihudng bdt dau lir sy Theo kit lugn ciia Hpi nghj Giao dyc - Dao tgo lu&ng Dd cung la ly khdi nifm ddnh gia va vd Vifc Idm cua Uc diln ndm 2006 vdi sy tham ludng thudng dupc su dgng chung gia ciia nhieu doanh nghifp thi ndng Iyc md ngudi Xay dirng chi so ddnh gia mirc dp dap urng lao dpng can phdi cd Id (Lorin W Anderson, 2006): "Trinh dd chux en mdn Id dieu chung ldi quan ldm nhai cdc cudc phdng xvn tuyen nhdn vien the ddnh gid dw/c tnnh dd vda nhdn viin qua i dch hf> gidi quyet < uc tinh huong gid dinh hoijU: id trinh bdy ve nhirng viec dd ldm" (nam, 57 tudi, gidm (toe) "Ngogi ngir thdi dgi ndy khdng the khong c6 ngogi ngif Ngodi ra, muon cd dufrc vifc ldm tdi h^ phdi nhanh nhgn tg lin vd bicl cdch phoi hpp \-di ngudi khdc" (nam 46 tuoi trudng phong nhd sg) "Nhieu sinh vien phdng \an ihi rdt lot trinh dg chuyen mon tot trd l&i linh huong tot nhimg kh qua duac giai doan lliu vige hdi thdi dd ldm viic khdng tu gidc, khdng hiit tu chfu trdch nhigm vdtutd chuc cdng vige Khong thay cd Sep thi xem phim online, xem truyin hinh chat - phdt hien raid tdi dud vifc Chimg ldi nhin ket qud Id biet nhdn vien dd ddu nr bao nhieu thdi gian vd biit cdch to chu cdng viic khong" (nu, 52 luoi, gidm ddc) "Lucphung van thi khd vdm linh chu yiu Id quan sdt cdch dn ndi, trinh bdy khd ndng hiiu sdu vd chuyen mdn Tuy nhien qua trinh thi vige Id rdt quan trgng, qua dd minh mdi biel duac nhdn vUn c hieu ve lihh vgc hogl dgng ciia doanh nghigp khong, cd biet tu tim kiim thdng tin di hodn thdnh vige khong, eg hda nhgp vd hpp ldc dugc \-ai nhdn \-ien cu khong " (nam 41 tudi gidm ddc) So 186 Ihdng 12/2012 68 Kinktyhattrjei GlfoDUC-fiflOTfll^ Hinh 1; Ket qua ddnh gid cong vifc Kh^ nSng giai qjy^t c ^ 'An d i , nhl^m MJ chuySn mAn iti^i CD (yfij thlch cOng vi$c, tOi Ung \0I (TILTC lirang) ^^6 Ilnh ky kJ^ Irrmg cAng \it$c Hiiu biit \6 mN tn/O'ng hoal d^ng cCia doanfi nghifip/1& chCrc vi Vl M cflng viOc Kh^ nSng sir dung ngoai "^ cArg \10c Kh^ ndng giao U6p Kh^ nir)9 tA cWrc «a lh|;c hign cfiog ufic Kha n ^ tim ki&m \A t i r d^ng thAng Im Kha ning Si> d^rg cAng nghfi IhAog tm cflng u ^ Kha ndng Um \*Cc thoo nhAm Kha n ^ n^ng dAng ^ s ^ tao Irong cAng ^fic Khan^ldmuecdOciap Ral phu hi7p 1/ Thu thgp, phdn tich vd td ch&c thdng tin; 2/ K I hoach hda vd td chftc hogl dpng; viec cung nhu giiip hp ty hodn thifn, nang cao kien thiic nghfi nghifp ciia minh Dfi cd thfi tim hifiu cdc tifiu chi chung nhat ciia doanh nghiep Vifl Nam ddnh gid ngudi lao dpng cong vifc Tdc gid da tiln hdnh phdng van dai 5/ Sft dyng cdng nghf, & difn Hiep hpi cdc doanh nghifp Vifl Nam va Hifp 6/ Cdm thu van hda nghf thugt hpi cac doanh nghifp vfta vd nhd Ha Npi Kfit qud Day la nhftng ndng lyc chu ylu giiip ngudi lao cho thay hifp hpi doanh nghifp chii yeu hd trp sy dpng cd dupc vifc Idm thudng xuyen vd cdng phdt triln ciia doanh nghifp chft chua nghifin cftu, cdng vifc ciia minh Cdc chuyen gia ciing phdn phdn tich cdc tifiu chi danh gid ngudi lao dpng lich rang ngudi chu doanh nghifp cd the khdng phdi mdi trudng doanh nghifp Hdng nam cdc doanh liic ndo cung sft dgng cd 06 tieu chi ndy de danh gid nghifp deu Id chftc hpi nghj cdng nhan vifin chuc, va quyfit djnh nhgn/sa thdi mOt ngudi lao dfng dd cd ddnh gid cdng nhdn vien nhung cac tifiu nhung vifc ddp irng kfim 3/6 tifiu chi ndy dii dl chu chi khd ting hpp nhu phdm chdl dgo due, ky ludl lao doanh nghifp quylt djnh sa thdi va ddi vifc dgng, muc dg hodn thdnh cong vige dugc giao vd dap ftngtdt 1-2 tifiu chi cung du de ngudi chu doanh sdng kiin/sdng tgo Tdc gid cung da phdng van 30 nghiep thu nhgn ho|c thang chuc cho ngudi lao dpng chu doanh nghifp tham gia hpi chp vifc lam vfi cdc cua minh Cdc doanh nghifp cung cho rdng khd ndng tifiu chi ddnh gid ciia hp tuyIn dgng lao dfng qua Igp kfi hogch va td chftc hogt d$ng va kha ndng gidi cdu hdi: dng/ bd da danh gid mftc d$ ddp ftng vdi yeu quylt vdn de la nhftng yeu t6 co bdn dk ngudi lao e^u cdng vifc ciia sinh vien tit nghifp dgi hpc tdt dpng cd dupc nh&ng sdng tgo va hifu qua cdng nghifp dgi hpc qua nhihig tieu chi ndo? Kfit qua 3/ Ldm vifc theo nhdm; 4/ Giai quyfit van de; So 186 thdng 12/2012 KiDhtyiiailrl^ii e ino DUC - DfiO TflO Bang tifiu chf phu hpp nhSt dl ddnh gid ngudi lao dpng Logi hinh don vj su dgng lao dfng Khd nSng gidi quylt cdc vdn dl, nhifm vg chuyfin mdn Don vj hdnh chinh sy nghifp Khd ndng ll chdc vd thyc hifn cdng vifc Thdi dp vd tinh ky lugt c6nR vifc Doanh nghifp: Khd nang gidi quyll cdc vin dl, nhifin vy chuyfin mdn Nhd nudc tgp ihl Khd nfing ldm vifc theo nhdm KhA nang tl chftc vdthyc hifn cimg vifc TNHH Khd ndng nfing dfng vd sang tgo cdng vifc Hilu bifit vl mdi trudng hogl dfng cua doanh nghifp Khd nfing ehju dp Iyc cdng vifc Co phdn Hieu bill ve mdi trudng hogt dfng ciia doanh nghifp Khd ndng nfing dfng vd sdng tgo cdng vifc Khd ndng giao tifip Lifin doanh KJid nfing ndng dpng vd sdng tgo cdng vifc Khd nfing sft dyng ngogi ngu cong vifc phdng vdn dupc trich ddn vd minh hpa nhu Hpp I Khd ndng ndng dgng vd sdng tgo cdng viee Kfit qua tong hpp cdc cupe phdng van sdu cho thay cd 12 tifiu chi dupc cac chu doanh nghifp dua nhilu hem ca- Dl tdng tinh Ihyc tiln trfin co sd 12 tifiu chi trfin tdc gid dd tien hdnh trung cdu y kiln 150 quan ly nhdn sy vd Idnh dgo doanh nghifp trfin dja bdn Hd Npi ve sgphii hgp cdc lieu chi dd dupc dua hp muon ddnh gia mftc dp dap irng vdi cdng vifc Clia sinh vJen tot nghifp dgi hpc hifn dang Iam vifc lgi doanh nghifp ciia hp Cdch thirc trung cau y kiln Id lung lieu chi deu dupc ddnh gid theo mftc, tft "ral khdng phu hpp" cho den "rat phii hpp", mftc trung binh d gifta la "binh Ihudng" Tdc gia da sft dgng kit qua ddnh gid "phii hpp" va "ral phu hpp" Khd ndng gidi quyit cdc vdn di, nhiim vg chuyin i6n Khd ndng t6 chuc vd thgc hign c6ng vige Khd ndng ldm vige dgc Igp Khd ndng lim kiem vd sir dgng thong tin Khd ndng sic dgng ngogi ngO- cdng viic Khd ndng sir dgng cdng nghg thdng tm cua timg tieu chi de kit lugn ve suphii hgp ciia lieu chi dd vd kit qud dupc trinh bay hinh cong vtgc Khd ndng giao tiip (viit vd ndi) Khd ndng ldm vige theo nhdm Thdi dg (yeu thich cong vige, hdi long v&i mirc luang) vd tinh ky lugt cdng vige Hiiu biit vi mdi tru&ng hogt dgng eda doanh nghigp/ to chtic vd vj tri cdng vige Khd ndng chiu dp lgc cong viic (idm vige them gid, ^i cdng tdc, nhgn them nhigm vg mai th&i gian hodn thdnh cong vige it) So 186 Ihdng 12/2012 Hinh I trinh bay y kiln ciia ngudi sii dyng lao dpng ve sy phu h