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Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Biti Hong Quan SO SANH TU*©ANH GIA CUA TRE TAI CAC TRUNG JAM BAG TRO XA HOI VOfI TRE CO HOAN CANH BINH Tm/OfNG 6 THANH PHO HO CHI MBVH BUI H6NG QUAN'''' TOM TAT Bdi viet di ti[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Biti Hong Quan SO SANH TU*©ANH GIA CUA TRE TAI CAC TRUNG J A M BAG TRO XA HOI VOfI TRE CO HOAN CANH BINH Tm/OfNG THANH PHO HO CHI MBVH BUI H N G QUAN' TOM TAT Bdi viet di tim su khdc biit giiea tu ddnh gid (TDG) eua tre tgi cdc trung tdm bdo trg xd hgi (BTXH) vdi tre ed hodn cdnh binh thudng a Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) di dinh hudng edng tdc gido due eho tre tgi cac trung tdm BTXH Cdc phuemg phdp nghien cuu chinh dugc sie dung Id phuang phdp dieu tra bdng bdng hdi, quan sdt vd phdng vdn Kit qud eho thdy, tre tai cdc trung tdm BTXH TDG cao han so v&i tre ed diiu kiin, hodn cdnh binh thuang tgi Trudng Hermann Gmeiner nhung mue phii hgp lgi thdp han Tie khda: tu danh gia, trung tam bao trg xa hpi, hpc sinh ABSTRACT Comparing the adolescents in social centers with their counterparts of normal conditions in Ho Chi Minh City in terms of self-assessment The article identifies the differences in self-assessment between adolescents in socia centers and their counterparts of normal conditions in Ho Chi Minh City to provide some directions for educational activities in social centers Major research methods include survey, observation and interview Based on the findings, it can be noticed that the adolescents in social centers have higher self-assessment than their counterparts of norma conditions in Hermann Gmeiner high school but the level of appropriateness is lower Keywords: self-assessment, social centers, students Dat vin de Ty danh gia cd vai tro quan trgng ddi vdi su phat trien nhan each cua ca nhan Trong qua trinh phat trien tam li ca nhan, din tudi thieu nien, sy phdt trien ciia ty y thiic, TDG la mdt nhiing net ndi bat cua nhan each Mot si nghien ciiu ve cdc yeu t6 anh hudng den TDG cho thay mdi quan he cha me - cai co vai trd ddc biet TDG ciia tre Vay, vin di dat la ddi vdi nhiing tre cd hoan canh ddc biet - bi bd rai, mo cdi, lang thang, nhiim HIV/AIDS khdng co cha me hodc phai xa cha me, dang sdng tai cdc trung tam BTXH TDG ban than cd khdc vdi TDG cua tre co hoan canh binh thudng khdng va neu co thi khac nhu the nao? Thuc te cong tac nudi dudng, giao due tre tai cac trung tam BTXH cho thay da phan tre deu c6 mac cam ve ban than, gia dinh va thudng thieu tu tin Ket qua la tre thudng gap kh6 khan hoat dpng hpc tap, hoat ddng giao tiep, mdi quan he ban be va lau ddi la tre se gap nhieu khd khan viec gia nhap cac moi quan he xa hpi den tuoi trudng phai rdi khoi trung tam Trong Idii do, cd rat it cong trinh nghien cuu ve TDG cua tre tai cac trung tam nay, ddc " NCS, Hpc vi$n Khoa hpc xa hOi Vi$t Nam 63 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM sS 63 nam 2014 nien phd, Lang thieu nien Thu biet la nhung nghien ciiu so sanh giua Diic, Lang Pre em SOS); nhdm thu hai TDG cua tre tai eac trung tam BTXH vdi gdm 49 tre dang hgc Idp va Idp tai tre cd hoan canh binh thudng Trudng thdng dan lap Hermann Phuong phap nghien cthi Gmeiner d quan Gd Vap Hai nhdm tre Nghien ciiu chii ylu dugc thitc hien cd su tuang ddng ve tudi, dac biet vdi phuong phap dilu tra bing bang hdi, la tre tai Lang tre em SOS (mlu khao sat phuong phap phdng van sau va phuong ddng nhat cac tnmg tam) va hgc phap quan sat sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner cd chung TDG cua tre dugc thi hien qua ba mdi trudng hgc tap (tre tai cac trung tam ndi dung: TDG vl dac dilm the chit, cdn lai hgc d cac trudng khac nhau) nen nang luc hgc tap va giao tiep xa hgi Ca cd su tuang quan nhit dinh so sanh sd dl nhan dinh, danh gia vl TDG cua tre Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung toi la cao va tinh phii hgp (phu hgp cho ring: TBG ciia tre tgi cdc trung tam giira TDG cua tre vdi danh gia cua ngudi BTXH la su xet dodn cua tre vi ban than, Idn - ngudi nudi day hoac phu huynh) bao gdm nhimg xet dodn cua chiing ve Do cao TDG eua tre dugc chia cdc Sac diim, gid tri, ndng lire, muc tiin ba miic tucmg ling vdi miie DTB vd tiim ndng cua chinh minh thong qua theo thang (diem thap nhat la va cao viec so sdnh vai ddi tuang khdc nhit la 5): miic thip 3,78 dilm the chat cua Ire (xem idng I) D I lam ndi bat su khac biet vl TDG 3.1.1 So sdnh ve cao cua TDG giira tre tai cac trung tam BTXH vdi tre Kit qua nghien ciiu eho thiy, tre tai cd dieu kien binh thudng, chiing tdi da eac trung tam BTXH va hgc sinh truong tien hanh nghien ciiu so sanh tren hai Hermann Gmeiner diu TDG d miic tnmg nhdm tre: Nhdm thii nhat gdm 202 tre tu binh vl mat the chit (DTB lin lugt la 11 din 15 tudi tai 05 trung tam BTXH 3,41 va 3,24) cdng lap d TPHCM (Trung tam nudi dudng bao trg tre em Tam Binh, Trung tam nudi dudng bao trg tre em Linh Xuan, Trung tam giao due day nghe thieu ' / So sdnh TDG ddc diem the chgt cua tre STT Trung tam DLC Tre tai trang tam BTXH 3,41 0,48 Hgc sinh tai Tnidng Hermarm Gmeiner 3,28 0,54 Sig 64 DTB 0,09 Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Doi vdi ca hai nhdm tre, nhung biiu hien ben ngoai cua co thi (su can ddi, khudn mat, lan da) dugc tre danh gia d miic cao va kha cao, chiing td tre ed nhin nhan tich cue vi ngoai hinh ciia minh Ddi vdi nhung bieu hien ben cua CO the (siic khde, su sieng nang tap luyen thi due thi thao) cung dugc tre nhin nhan d miic cao va kha cao Nhu vay, cd sy thing nhit TDG eua tre vi nhijng biiu hien bSn ngoai va ben cua thi chdt Tii dd, tre khdng co mong ude dugc thay ddi ve be ngoai va Bui Hdng Quan tre cam thay tu tm ve hinh thiic cua minh xuat hien trudc ngudi khac Xet vi diim sd, DTB TDG cua tre tai eac trung tam BTXH "nhinh" han mpt chut so vdi hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner (DTB la 3,41 so vdi 3,28) nhung sy khac biet kh6ng cd y nghTa thdng ke (Sig = 0,09 > 0,05) Do vay, cd the nhan djnh rang, dieu kien, hoan canh gia dinh khdng tao nen su khac biet y nghia giQa hai nhom tre TDG ve ddc diem the chat Bieu Do cao cua TDG cua tre ve the chdt zTBGthiip • TBGtniBgb] xTDGCM So sanh ve mdt ti le, bieu dd cho thdy cd 17,3% tre tai cac trung tam BTXH TDG thdp vi thi chit, ti le d nhdm hgc sinh Hermann Gmeiner la 30,6%; cd 52,5% tre tai trung tam BTXH va 46,9% hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner danh gia trung binh ve thi chit ciia minh; ti 1? tre tai cac trung tam BTXH TDG cao vi thi chit la 30,2% hgc sinh trudng Hermann Gmeiner Id 22,4% Kit qua khao sdt cho thiy, hpc sinh Trudng Henmann Gmeiner cd xu hudng khiem t6n hon so vdi tre tai cdc trung tam BTXH idii TDG ve dac diem the chat ciia minh 3.1.2 So sdnh vi tinh phii hgp cua TDG (xem bieu 2) Tinh phu hop ciia TDG dupe xet tren ca sd danh gia ciia ngudi Idn (ngudi nu6i day tre tai cac trung tam BTXH hoac phu huynh hpc sinh) Neu tre va ngudi idn ddnh gia d ciing mdt gia tri (thap, trung binh, cao) thi TDG la phu hgp va ngugc lai Ket qud kiem nghiem T-Test theo timg cap cho thay, cd su khac 65 SS 63 nam 2014 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI biet y nghia giua TDG cua tre vdi danh gia cua ngudi Idn Ca hai nhdm tre deu TDG vl thi chat cua mmh thap hon so vdi danh gia cua ngudi Idn Tuy nhien, mile phil hgp frong TDG d hai nhdm tre la khac He so tuong quan giQa TDG cua fre tai eac tam BTXH vdi ngudi nudi day la 0,16; giiia hgc sinh Tnidng Hermann Gmeiner vdi phu huynh la 0,51 chiing td hgc sinh Tnrdng Hermann Gmeiner TDG vl dac dilm thi chit phil hgp hon so vdi tre tai cac trung tam BTXH Biiu So sdnh TBG cua tre ve thi chdt vdi ddnh gid cOa ngudi idn 3.2 So sdnh tu-ddnh gid cda tre vi nang luc hoc tap (xem bdng 2) 3.2.1 So sdnh vi cao ciia TBG nang luc hoc tdp cua tre (xem bieu 3) Cd su khac biet y nghia vl mat thdng ke so sanh giira TDG ciia tre tai cac trung tam BTXH vdi hgc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner Tre tai cac trung tam BTXH cd xu hudng TDG vl nang luc hgc tap cao han so vdi hgc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner Bdng So sdnh TBG ndng luc hoc tap ciia tre DLC DTB Trung tam STT Tre tai trung tam BTXH 3,71 Hgc sinh tai Tnrdng Hermann Gmeiner 3,47 Sig 0,69 0,56 0,02 ca hai nhdm tre, nhiing bieu hien mang tinh khai quat, tdng hgp frong hgc tap nhu su nd luc, kha nang ghi nhd, su tap trung dugc cac em danh gia cao hon so v6i nhimg bieu hien khac Trong dd, nhimg bieu hien cu the cua nang luc hgc tap nhu viec giai cac bai tap khd, kha nang hgc deu cac mdn, kha nang hudng dan bai lai clio cae ban khac dugc fre TDG thip ban Dilu dang luu y la kha nang lam vi$c nhdm, quan li nhdm cd vi tri thap nhat cac bieu hien cua ning luc hgc tap cua fre 66 Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Bdi Hdng Qudn Bieu Do cao TDG ndng luc hoc tap cua tre Tre tgi trung tdm BTXH Hoc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner Ket qua nghien eiiu cho thiy, co tdi 1/2 tre tai cac trung tam BTXH TDG cao ve ndng lye hpc tap ti le d nh6m hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner chi khoang 1/4 Cd khoang 1/3 tre tai cdc trung tam BTXH TDG nang lye hpc tap ciia minh d miic trung binh va ti Ip d hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner la hon 1/2 Ti le tre TDG thip ndng lye hpe tap d cd hai nhdm la tuang ddng Nhu v^y, cung tuong TDG vi thi chit, tre tai cdc trung tam BTXH cd xu hudng nhin nhan khd ndng hpc tap ciia minh cao han so vdi hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner 3.2.2 So sdnh ve muc phii hop cua TDG ndng luc hgc tap ciia tre Ddi vdi tre tai cac trung tam BTXH, DTB TDG ndng iyc hpc tap ciia tre la 3,71 ddnh gid ciia ngudi nudi d^y la 3,51 Ket qud kiem nghiem TTest hai dudi cho thay c6 sy khac biet y nghTa ve thdng ke va cd sy tuang quan thu^n giDa hai yeu t6 Tuy nhien, he so tuang quan Kappa = 0,15 chiing td su lien he Idng leo, hay ndi each khac, muc dp phu hop giua TDG eua tre va danh gid ciia ngudi nuoi day la thap D6i vdi hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner, DTB TDG va danh gia ciia phu huynh ve nang lye hpc tap ciing la 3,47 He so tuong quan Kappa giGa hai yeu td la 0,6 chiing td mdi lien he kha chat ch6 va mirc dp phu hgp kha cao giua TDG cua tre vdi danh gia ciia phu huynh So sanh TDG ciia tre vdi xep loai hpc lye da minh hpa ro hon dieu Trong nhdm tre TDG nang luc hpc tap d miic cao, cd tdi 28,5% tre d cac trung tam BTXH xep loai trung binh va yeu thi ti le chi co 14,3% (khdng cd hpc sinh yeu) d nhdm hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner Ddi vdi nhdm TDG ndng luc hgc tap d muc thap, cd 17,9% tre d cac trung tam BTXH xep loai gidi ti le d nhdm hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner la 0% Ro rang, co nhieu van de can phai quan tam viec TDG ciia tre tai cdc trung tam BTXH, nhat la ve co sd, tieu chi ddnh gid 67 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM 3.3 So sdnh tif danh gid ciia trive giao tiep xd hoi 3.3.1 Bo cao ciia TBG giao tiep xd hpi ciia tre (xem bieu dd 4) Khac vdi xu hudng TDG ve the chat va hgc tap (fre tai cac tnmg tam BTXH TDG cao hon hgc sinh Trucmg Hermarm Gmeiner), TDG ve giao tiep xa hdi, cd su tuong ddng rd ret giiia hai nhdm tre (DTB lan lugt la 3,58 va 3,60) Ca hai nhdm fre deu TDG kha nang giao tiep xa hdi ciia minh d mirc kha cao va khdng cd su khac biet y nghia vl thdng ke (Sig = 0,8>0,05) Nhimg bilu hien dugc tre danh gia cao la mudn dugc SS 63 nam 2014 lam viec cung vdi cac ban khac, san sang giup dd ban be, biet lang nghe Nhirng menh dl vl kha nang kit ban, kha nang tao thien cam, kha nang md dau cau chuyen va doan biet tam ii ngudi khac frong giao tilp dugc fre TDG thip hon Xet ve ti le, sd hgc sinh d Trudng Hermann Gmeiner TDG thip vl giao tilp xa hdi cao gin gap ddi so vdi tre tai cac trung tam BTXH (ti le 12,2% so vdi 7,4%); ti le tre danh gia trung binh va cao ve giao tiep xa hdi tuong ddi ddng deu giira hai nhdm (ti le lan lugt la 53,1% 56,9% va 35,6% - 34,7%) Bieu Bd cao TBG giao tiep xa hpi cua tre Tre tgi trung tdm BTXH 3.3.2 Tinh phii hap cda TBG giao tiip xd hdi ciia tre (xem bieu dd 5) Khdng cd sir khac biet y nghta vl thdng ke giua TDG cua tre tai cac trung tam BTXH vdi ngudi nudi day cung nhu giiia hgc sinh Trucmg Hermann Gmeiner vdi phu huynh He sd tuong quan Kappa giira TDG cua tre vdi danh gia cua ngudi nudi day la 0,1 - chiing td mirc phu 68 Hpc sinh Truong Hermann Gmeiner hgp giira hai ylu td d mirc thip; h? sd tuong quan giua hgc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner vdi danh gia ciia phu huynh la 0,6 - chimg td muc dg phi hgp la kha cao Nhu vay, tinh phii hgp TDG cua hgc sinh Truimg Hermann Gmeiner eao ban so vdi fre tai cac trung tam BTXH Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Bui Hong Qudn Bieu So sdnh TDG cua tre ve giao tiep xd hdi vai ddnh gid cua ngudi Ion V: TDG COA TR^ S DG CCfA N G U ^ LCTH 3.4 So sdnh tue ddnh gia chung cua tre 3.4.1 So sdnh ve cao TDG chung eua tre DTB chung TDG ciia tre tai cac trung tam BTXH cao hon so vdi hpc sinh Trudng Hermann Gmeiner (DTB lin lugt la 3,56 - 3,45) va sy khde biet cd y nghia vi mat thing ke (Sig = 0,00