)aijyaSb^ S68 2014 35 Vai suy nghi ve viec giang day thtf Hai Cu" trong trifcfng THPT ThS HO T A N N G U Y E N M I N H Trudng THPT Chuyen LUPng Van Chanh, Phu Yen Hai eU (Hai cU) la thanh tUU ruc rd e[.]
)aijyaSb^ S68-2014 35 Vai suy nghi ve viec giang day thtf Hai - Cu" trifcfng THPT ThS H O T A N N G U Y E N M I N H Trudng THPT Chuyen LUPng Van Chanh, Phu Yen H ai-eU (Hai cU) la tUU ruc rd eua thi ca Nhat Ban - dat nUde cita hoa anh dao, eua dfnh Phu ST quanh nam tuyet phiJ, ciJa ho Ty Ba bat ngat en thd Trong vudn thP xU Phu Tang, Hai-cu ti/a mpt i^i hoa binh di, dPn sP ma thoang thoang hUPng thPm im say dam Idng ngUdi Viet Nam nhQng nam in dSy, thd Hai-oU da dupc dich va bien kha nhieu, a xu^t hiSn Ccic c6ng trlnh nghiSn cdu c6 gia trj v4 th^ Id nhQng trung tam van hoa ldn cOa ca nUdc da Inh thinh nhQng eaul$c bo thd Hai-cU v i d ^ y Ign phong l i m thp Hai-cU Tuy nhien, vdi da s6' ngudi Viet, the IP linh di^u £y vin eon kha xa 1^, VI the ma viec dua iP Hai-eU vao giang d^y chUPng trinh thong n5m trd 1^1 dSy g i y khdng It kho khan, bd ngd cho ca lay l l n trd, Trong khudn kho bai viet nay, ngUdi viet xuat phat td iin bl^t v i kinh nghigm thi^c te, man phep de xuat mgt hudng di ma bSn t h i n cam tha'y hieu qua vdi mong \u6r\ gdp mOt ti^ng ndi nh6 eCia riSng minh v i o viee ghi§n cQu vi gidng day thd Hai-cU nha trudng phd i6ng D$t thtf Hai-cu c^i nhin lign h| vdi vdn i6a NhSt Bin (Tich htfp v3n hda) Chd h i i rSng t^i nhQng bai thP mang "ve dep nguyen inh nhu nUdc su6'i tQ khe da tuon ra, nhU hoa mpc tQ hiSn ngoii d6ng npi"[4] lai ddi ci Nhit Ban ma I6ng phii l i bit oil mflt quoc gia nao khae Chi co nen =tn hda d^c d i o cua xQ sd mdi l i minh dat mau md i Hai-cU hinh thinh, phit trien v i hoin thien minh Cho §n mu6n hilu thp Hai-cu, mu6n dgy thP Hai-eU eho sau ^c nhSt thiet phii d$t no cai nhin lien he vdi dat Ude, ngudi v i d$e bi0t l i ngn van hoa Nhit Bkn D i t nude m|t trdi mpc mang minh mot vd dgp i n hda huy^n bl, i o digu Cai huyen bl, ao dieu ay da \im sdu v i o thP Hal-eu t^o n i n vS dgp md h6, sUPng i6i, b i n g b^c sic "liSu trai" Thidn nhiSn Nhit Ban dilm I, duyin d i n g , trang nha nhdng cung rat b^o vdi Ji IQa, d$ng dfit, sdng thSn S6ng giQa m^t thiin nhidn i u thd, ngudi Nh$t y i u thidn nhiin tha thiit v i cd m^t cam thQe dae biet tinh te trQde ve dgp ciia thien nhien Hieu dieu niy, ta se hieu vl thidn nhidn da trd mgt de tai vTnh cQu thd Hai-cQ, hieu vi hau he't eac bai Hai-eU deu dCing qu;^ ngQ (TQ ehl mua - dau an eija thien nhidn) Neu khdng co mpt tam Idng tri ki danh eho thien nhien thi l i m Ba-s6 co the viet ve nQi Phli ST, ve ho Ty B i bang nhOng van thP chan thanh, tham thiet den vay: ' SUang mu bao phCi Phu ST ehim khu^t roi nui hidn hinh toi" (Doan Le Giang dich) " TU bin phuang trdi xa Canh hoa dao la ta gpn song hd Bi - oa" (Doin Le Giang dich, SGK lObp chuan) Ngudi Nhat tgo di/ng eho minh mpt nen van hda dpc dao theo dac trUng van hoa A Dong - nen van hda cua cai dgp Hiem ed ndi n i o tren the gidi m i cai dep trd ndn huyen didu va thi'm sau v i e tam hon mdi ngUdi nhU d day Hie'm cd mot dan tpc nao m i udng t r i eung dao (Tra d^o), danh vo cung dao (Vo sTdgo), danh kiem eung thinh dao {Kid'm dao Kendo) va lam thd cung cb mot cai dao { Hai cQ dao - Dao lam thd Hai-cQ) Tim ve vdi van hoa Nhat, ta nhU tim ve mot mign hU ao m i ru sach tat ca nhQng phien muon, lo au coi ddi Kho ed thd' hie'u dupe ve dgp treo b i i thd sau d i y eua Bu-son neu khong dat nd cai nhln lien he vdi van hda Nhat Ban " Hoa xuan nd tran Ben lau du nQ Mua sam dai idng" (LQU DQC Trung dich, SGK 10 nang cao) Van hda Nhat la mot nen v i n hoa tham dam ve dgp triet II, dac biet l i tnet li thien Cai dgp dpn sp vdng lang theo Thien hpc da tham sau v i o tam hdn mdi ngQdi cua xQ sd H i l u dilu do, chung ta se khdng nggc nhien la tgi nhOng nhgc phlm giiu y vj thien cua Trjnh Cdng Sdn Igi dQpc ham mp Nhat hPn b^t cQ mpt qudc gia n i o khic Chieu sau tridt ly cQa v i n hda 8(58-2014 Nhat tudn chay nhieu nhat thd Hai-cQ Con dQdng thd Hai-cU khong ehi la dUdng tim v l vdi thien nhien m i edn la dQdng tim ve vdi tam linh theo triet li thien, Dieu giup ta hieu vi thd Hai-cU an ehiJa nd eai dep treo, thuan khiet eua thien, mang no nhQng earn thQc vd cung tinh te: Sabi (vang lang), wabi ( ddn sd), karumi (nhe nhang), shi-o-ri (mem mgi), yCl-gen (u huyen) Khong hieu le "nhan the vo thudng" ciia Phat giao se khdng the li giai dUpc vi Ba-sd viet: " Kdu chi vac dl di dau thi cung edi phu the thai" (Nhat Chidu djch) Cung nhu vay, neu khdng hieu le "trdi dat vdi ta cQng mpt gde, van v i t vdi ta l i nhat the" (Gia danh phap ngQ)[3], se khong hieu dupc dieu ma ft-sa viet bai thP: "Bin ddng Sumida ChO chudt udng nUde MUa mOa xuin pha" (Nhat Chidu djeh) Cd the th£y, viee dat thd Hai-cQ eai nhin Qng chii'u vdi van hda Nhat Ban la rat can thie't vide hudng d i n hpe sinh tim hieu the thP n i y PhQdng phap tloh hop van hda l i phQPng phap khong the bo qua giang day thP Hai-cU nha trUdng Silr di^ng phU'dng phap so sanh, dd'i chi§'u Ly thuylt lidn van ban chira rang, bat cQ van ban n i o eung l i mot lien van b i n NghTa la mdi van ban deu chQa dQng nd nhQng quan he khic vdi nhQng van ban khac khdng phy thupc v i o vide tae gia cua nd eo y thiJe dQde dieu hay khdng ThP Hai-cQ eCia Nhat Ban, nhOng tQdng dong ve van hda ma da tim dupe sQ ddng dieu Idn lao thd Viet Nam (Ca trung dai va hien dgi) VI vay m i dat thP Hai-cQ eai nhln so sanh, dd'i chieu vdi thd Viet se giup eho nhQng gid day thd Hai-cQ nha trQdng trd nen sinh dong, hap d i n hdn Ca ngQdi day lan ngQdi hpc se d l dang hdn vide tiep can, tim hieu mot bai thP Hai-cU Ehdng qua nhQng bai thP Viit Nam co diem tQdng ddng vdi no Xin neu day mpl vai v i d y : Bii 1: "Ving iang u trim Tham sau vao da Tieng ve ngam" (Ba-s6, Doan Le Giang djch, SGK 10 bp ehuan) Ba-sd dung cai dpng eua tieng ve de' d i l n ta cai tTnh cua tgo vat Tieng ve la am thanh, da la v i t the NhQng cai tjch lang, vang ve cua vu tru, ngudi ta nghe tieng ve nhu xuyen tham vao da Cach didn ta ay cung tQng dupc the hien thp Nguyin Trai: " NgQ ca tam xudng yen hd khoat Mpc dich nhit thien nguyet cao" ( 6ng c h i i cat len tieng h i t lam cho mat hd phu khoi md rpng Tre muc ddng thdi mpt tieng l i m eho trang tren trdi cao hOn) (Chu trung ngiu 2- Nguydn Trai) D^Vj Bai 2: " Tieng vUpn hd nao ni hay tieng tre bj bd rai than khdc? gid mOa thu tai te" (Ba -so, Doan Le Giang djch, SGK 10 bp chuan) Tieng vugn hu nao ne lan gid thu td t i i hayS tieng khdc bi thUdng cDa nhQng linh hdn nhd bd bi bd rait B i i thd la tieng nac nghgn n g i o ci^a nha thd dinh di nhQng dQa tre ddi khd, bat hgnh Tam sy ay cOa Ba-j{ rat gan vdi Nguyin Du nhQng cau thd nhdi Idng: "Kia nhQng dUa tiiu nhi tim be Loi gid sinh lla me lla cha Lay bdng be vao U d tieng khde thie't tha not Idng" (Vin ehiSu hin- Nguyin Du) B a i 3: "Chim quyen hot d kinh dd m i nhd kinh do" J (Ba-s6,Doan Ld Giang djch,'SGK lObpchuii Ba-sd trd Igi kinh sau 20 nam xa c i e h , nghe tien; ehim dd quyen hdt m i nhd kinh dd nam nao TrUde c| mgng thing 8, nha thd chan qud Nguyin Binh tif Nam Djnh phidu bgt v i o Hue, de'ntham NgQ V i e n - k h u vi/ii thupng uyen xUa gid trd trpi, hoang t i n N h i thflllii hign ndi h o i i cam cOa minh qua hai c i u thp ndi tieng; " Dim ed mdt ngudi du khich Ngi/ Vien m i nhd NgQ Vien" (Xdm Ngi/ Viin - Nguyin Binh) ^ Bai 4: "Dat khach mUdi mCia sUdng ve tham que ngoanh Igi E-dd la edhUdng" (Ba-sd, Doan L i Giang djch, SGK 10 bd chain] Que Ba-sd Mi-d, dng ehuyen len sdng d £-dd MU* nam sau, Ba-s6 rdi E-dd Ird lai qud nha Trong khoaf* khae ay, ong ehdt nhan rang E-dd cung than thiltvJi minh nhU qud hUdng ciJa minh vay, Chfnh tinh yeu thi/dnj sQ gan bo da khien " dat k h i c h " trd t h i n h "cd hUiJntf tam tudng Triet If liy, Che Lan Vien eung tQngni b i i thd Tiing hit tiu " Tinh yeu iim dit ia hda qui huang" ( Tiing hit eon tiu - Che Lan Vien) TQ nhQng vf dy tren, ed the thay phUdng p h i p so8il* ddi chieu l i mdt nhQng hudng di dung dan, " qua q u i trinh giQp hpc sinh k h i m p h i , tim hlluW Hai-cQ n h i trudng Khdng n€n gidng binh qud nhi^u, ch) nSn gfi mii d l phat huy ngng li/c tiT cdm thu cda W sinh Chl vdi 17 am tiet, thd Hai-eQ khdng If giii, k l le ddng ma thUdng ehl hQdng den mot khoanh khie ciia Sit^i hay dinh d i l m eua mdt cam xQe n i o d6 Thp Hai-cU chi Iff ChQ khdng ta, nd danh mdt khoing khdng rpng Idn cho* (Xem tiip trang 41) ... chay nhieu nhat thd Hai- cQ Con dQdng thd Hai- cU khong ehi la dUdng tim v l vdi thien nhien m i edn la dQdng tim ve vdi tam linh theo triet li thien, Dieu giup ta hieu vi thd Hai- cU an ehiJa nd... dQde dieu hay khdng ThP Hai- cQ eCia Nhat Ban, nhOng tQdng dong ve van hda ma da tim dupe sQ ddng dieu Idn lao thd Viet Nam (Ca trung dai va hien dgi) VI vay m i dat thP Hai- cQ eai nhln so sanh,... se giup eho nhQng gid day thd Hai- cQ nha trQdng trd nen sinh dong, hap d i n hdn Ca ngQdi day lan ngQdi hpc se d l dang hdn vide tiep can, tim hieu mot bai thP Hai- cU Ehdng qua nhQng bai thP