Hồ chí minh với sự nghiệp xây dựng đội ngũ nhà báo

DmjvaH^ s6i2 2 HO CHl MINH VOl SII NGHIEP X A Y DlfNG DOI NGO NHA GIAO 1 QUAN D l iM CUA HO CHf MINH VE VAI TRO, NHI§M VU CUA NGl/dlTHAv GIAO Sinh thdi, Chu tich Hfi Chi Minh eoi nghi gilo II nghi cao[.]

DmjvaH^ s6i2-2 HO CHl MINH VOl SII NGHIEP XAY DlfNG DOI NGO NHA GIAO ThS Dd THj PHUONG HOA Trfldng Dgi hpc Thfldng mai VU THj NGQC HOA Khoa Ngogi ngfl - Hpc vi|n Cdnh sat Nhin din QUAN D l i M CUA HO CHf MINH VE VAI TRO, NHI§M VU CUA NGl/dlTHAv GIAO Bflde vio thdi ky hin gan vlt thfldng chiln tranh, khfii phye kinh te, phit trien van hoa (1958-1960) dat yeu clu bflc thiet vl dfii ngu can bfi chuyen radn cd trinh dp ve khoa hpc Sinh thdi, ChutichHfi Chi Minh eoi nghi gilo II nghi cao qui nhit, dflpc el xa hpi tfin vinh Ngfldi ndi: "ngfldi thiy gido ky thugt, trinh dp qudn ly kinh te, van hda, xa hdi Ngfldi thiy tfit - thiy gido xflng ddng la thiy gido - la ngfldi ve vang nhit dflpc coi 11 khau then chdt qud trinh dao tao dl "cung Dfl II tin tuoi khdng dang trin bio, khfing dflpc thfldng huln dp dfl can bp eho ndng nghiip, cfing nghiep, ^l^d cdc ngdnh chfldng, song nhflng ngfldi thay gilo tfit Id nhflng anh hflng kinh te vi van hod" [Sdd, t.8,tr.l38] Ding linh dao nhin din vd danh Dly la mpt dilu vl vang" [Ho Chi Minh: Todn tdp, thflc hien hai nhilm vy chiln Iflpc: cdch mgng xa hfii chfl Nxb CTQG, HN, t.ll.tr.331] Trong tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, nghia d mien Bac vi edeh mgng din tfie din chu nhin dan ngfldi thay la la nhin tfi quylt djnh qua trinh v|n hlnh cua h| d miln Nam nham thflc hi|n mye tilu ehung 11 thfing nhit thfing gido dye vl chat Iflpng gido dye: "khdng cd thay gilo thi To qufic Trong thdi ky niy, nhi gido cd nhi|m vy "ddo tgo khdng cd gilo duc"[Sdd, t.8,tr.l84], "hpe trd tfit hay xlu li nhflng cdng dan tfit, nhflng cin bfi tdt sau nay, gdp phin xiy dflng chfl nghia xa hpi Ilm cho miln Bac vflng mgnh thinh thay giao, cd gilo tdt hay xlu" [Sdd, t.9,tr.492] hgu thuan dio cudc diu tranh thong nhit nfldc nhi" [Sdd, Theo Ho Chi Minh, ngfldi thiy cfi sfl menh ddo tgo Idp t.9,tr.494] Vdi y nghla dd, ngfldi thay gido eung la ngfldi ehiln ngfldi cd dflc, cd tii phuc vy cho sfl nghiip cich mgng Ngfldi si each mgng trin mat trgn gilo dye - ddo tgo vilt; "VI lpi ieh mfldi nam thi phal eiy, vi lpi ich tram nam thi phdi trfing ngfldi Chflng ta phai ddo tgo nhflng Vai trfi vi nhiem vu cfla ngfldi thiy gido dupc thi hiln cfing dan tfit vl ein bfi tdt eho nfldc nha Nhin din, Ddng vi d viec xiy dyng npi dung chfldng trinh ddo tgo phfl hpp Theo Chlnh Phfl giao ele nhi|m vy ddo tgo thi h | tfldng lai cho d c Ho Chi Minh, ngfldi thay giao xay dflng nfii dung chfldng cfi, cdc chfl" [Sdd, t.9,tr.222] Ngfldi thiy phdi dem sfl hieu trinh phdi theo cac nguyen tac sam bilt, ning Iflc vk phim chit cfla mtnh truyin dgt cho ngfldi Mfit 11, xay dflng npi dung chfldng trinh phai toan dien, bao hpc, lira cho ngfldi hpe phit huy dfli?c "nang Ifle vdn cd", phdt triln cae mgt dflc dye, tri dye, the dye, my dye de trd thinh gfim cac mgt, van hda, chinh tq, khoa hpc ky thuit, chuyin nhflng cfing dan, nhflng ngfldi lao dfing chin chinh, cd ich mfin nghiip vy, lao dpng cho xa hfii Day 11 nhiem vu nang nl nhflng rit dfii ve vang Hai II, ele nfii dung tren co moi quan he mat thilt vdi nhau, cfla nhflng ngtfdi Ilm thay clu tgo hpp If vl phu hpp vdi tflng giai dogn Vai trd, nhiem vu cda ngUdi thdy tU iUdngHo Chi MinhBa la Xiy dflng nfii dung chfldng trinh phii thilttiifle,tilp cdn trinh dp khoa hpc ky thugt tien tien cfla the gidi gin vdi ludn gdn liin vdi nhiim vy chinh tri, dUdng loi phdt trien gido due di ddo tgo nhdng ngiidi ddp 'Ung yeu cdu cua sif thfle tien Viet Nam nghiip edeh mgng tiingpai dogn Bdn li, xay dflng nfii dung chUdng trinh phai phfl hpp vdi Sau Cach mgng Thing TIra nam 1945, dat nfldc ehung ta d tflng cap hpc Ngfldi neu rfi npi dung dio tgo cua tftng cap vio tinh thi "ngin ein treo spi tdc", phai ddi phd vdi ba logi hpc: "Dgi hpc thi can kit hpp ly lugn khoa hpc vdi thflc hinh, gidc nguy hilm: gi|c ddi, gige dfit vl gigc ngogi xlm Hfi Chi sflc hpc tgp \f luan vi khoa hpetientilncfla d e nfldc bgn, Minh khSi^ djnh: Mfit dan tfie dfit 11 mpt dan tfie yeu Trong kit hpp vdi thflc tien cfla nfldc ta, de thilt thflc giflp ich cho boi eanh dd, i ^ d i thay dflpc coi la ehiln sitienphong troi^ edng cupc xay dflng nfldc nhi Trung hpc thi cin dam bdo cho phong trio di|t gigc ddt, cfi nhi|m vy chfing ngn mu chfl hpc trd nhflng tii thfle phfi thfing chac chin, thilt thflc, tiiich Theo Hd Chi Minh, ngfldi thay Idm nhiem vy di|t giae dot, hpp vdi nhu elu vl tien xlydflng nfldc nhi, bd nhflng phan xoi ngn mfl chfl 11 giin tiep chfing gigc ngogi xlm, bio v| nio khfing ein thilt vdi ddi sfing thflc tl Tieu hpc thi ein gido chinh quyin each mang, gdp phan dfla cong cufic khang ehiln due cho ele chiu thilu nhi: ylu To qufic, yeu nhan dan, ylu nhanh chdng di din thang lpi lao dfing, yeu khoa hoe, coi trpng cua cdng" [Sdd, t.8,tr.81] 12 Ngfldi ludn dpng viln nganh gilo dye theo tinh thin "du khd khan din dau eflng phii thi dua dgy tfit, hpc tfit" Dly thflc sfl li nguon cd vu Idn lao dfii vdi nhflng ngfldi lim cdng tie giio d y e QUAN D l i M CUA H CHf MINH V€ DAO DITC C O A NGUdi T H A Y Hfi Chi Minh dge bi|t d l eao vai trfi cfla dgo dflc, eoi dgo dflc 11 gfic cfla ngfldi thiy Ngfldi ndi: ehinh trj li dflc, chuyin mdn la tli, cd tli ma khfing cfi dflc li hdng, hay "chinh tri Id linh hSn, ehuyin mdn Id xdc Cd chuyin mdn md khdng cd chinh trj thi ehi la cdi xdc khdng hon" [Sdd, t.9,tr.492] Hfi Chi Minh nhan manh d i n vai trd dgo dflc cfla ngfldi thay, song khfing tuy|t doi hoa mat dao dflc eoi nhe linh vflc ehuyin mfin, nghi|p vy Theo Hfi Chi Minh gifla dflc v l tli, hfing v i ehuyen, phim chat v i nang lye cfla ngfldi thay gilo ed mfii quan h | gan bd hflu cd vl tdc d p i ^ qua Igi lan Cfi dflc 11 d l tdi ning phdt triln dung hfldng, vl ed tli thi dflc mdi p h i t huy dflpc tie dyng Ngfldi nfii: "cd tii rai khdng cd dflc II hdng, cd dflc m l chfl i td thi dgy t h i nao" [Sdd, t.9,tr.492] Theo Hd Chi Minh, phdm chdt dgo ddc quan trgng nhdt cua ngUdi thdy gido Id phifc vu To quoc, phuc vu nhdn ddn Ngfldi can dan: "chin ly II d i gl lpi cho Tfi qudc, cho nhan din, eai gi trdi vdi Ipi fch cfla To qufic, cfla nhin d i n khfing phdi Id chan ly Ra sflc phyng sfl Tfi qufic, phyc vy nhdn dan tflc II phye tflng ehan \f" [Sdd, t.8,tr.216] Ngfldi thiy gido phii ddt Ipi ieh cfla To qudc, cfla nhin d i n Ien trflde hit trin hit vl bat ky hoin d n h nio cung phai thfle hi|n tdt dfldng Ifii gilo dye cfla Ding vd Nhi nfldc, phai kinh trpng nhan dan, tin vio sflc mgnh cua nhin din Ben cgnh dd, ngddi thdy gido phdi eo tinh thudngyiu hgc trd sdu ngng nhd rudt thit, song cdch thi hiin phdi phii hdp vdi tdng Ida tudi vd cdp hgc tilu hpe, mau gido ngfldi thay phai dinh cho hpc trd mfit tinh thfldng dgc bi|t nhfl tinh d m cua cha me dfii vdi ngfldi eon Ngfldi can dan: lim mau gilo tflc la thay me dgy tri Mufin Idm dflpc thi trflde hit phii thfldng ylu cdc chdu nhfl eon em mfit thjt cfla minh cap dgi hpe vl trung hpc chuyin nghiep thi tinh thfldng eua ngfldi thay ddi vdi hpc tid, dflpc xay dflng tien cd sd d i n ehu, ky cfldng vd trich nhi|ra Dly la mfii quan h | tot dep cua thiy vd trd xa hfii din chfl, cd sfl kl thfla nhflng gil trj dgo ly tdn sfl trpng dgo cfla dan tpc Cdn liin vdi phdm chdt dgo ddc thUdng yiu hge trd Id phdm chdt dgo dUc "thdt thd yiu nghi" cda ngddi thdy Pham chat yeu nghi cfla ngfldi tiily dflpc bieu hi|n trflde hit la sfl gan bd thilt tha vdi nghi nghiep bat efl hodn einh nao Nghe gido ll mfit nghe lao dfing khd nhpc, ddi hfii phii diu tfl nhilu thdi gian, cdng sflc, nhflng khfing phii Id nghi cd thu nh^p eao Nlu khdng thilt tha vdi nghe nghiip se bj dao dfing trflde hoan d n h khd khan Vi vay, Hfi Chi Minh thfldng ein dgn nhflng ngfldi lam tiiay nin yen t i m cdng tdc, khdng nin "dflng nfli niy trfing nfli np, mufin thay dfii edng tie, kin cfla vi dja vj", Trong mfii trfldng sfl pham, Ngfldi hilu rat rfi gid t4 cua sfl doin kit Doin kit se tgo bau khfing vui ve, thodi mil, kich thich sfl khim pha sdng tgo giang dgy vinghien cflu; s612-2015 D g l / y a f i p C dong tiidi sl tgo mdi trfldng thi dua linh mgnh, phit huy dflpc k h i ning cfla el nhin v i sflc mgnh cfla cpng ddng, cfin^ hiln cho sfl nghiip gilo dye Chmh vi vgy NgUdi luon gido difc tinh thdn dodn kit ddi ngu thdy gido, cdgido vd coi ddy Id phdm chdt dgo dUc quan trgng cua ngUdi thdy Viee doin kit, nhit tri cfla ngfldi thay can dfla tren nhflng ed sd vi myc tilu chung, 1^ sfl phit trien cua nha trfldng v l cfla nen gilo dye nfldc nha; doin kit phdi thflc sfl, chin thinh vl mgnh dgn ttf phe binh v i phi bmh QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH Wt CHUYEN MdN NGHIEP VU CUA N G l / d l THAY Theo Ho Chi Minh, ngfldi thiy gilo phai gidi vl chuySn mdn v i thuan thyc vl phfldng phip giing day Cy t h i li: Phdi gidi vl Ilnh vflc m l minh d i m n h | n giing dgy Phii dflpc trang bj ly lu|n gilo dye bdi vi "Lira m l khfing cd If lugn thi khong khac gi di md d i m tdi, vfla ch|m ehgp, vfla hay vIp vIp Cfi ly lugn thi mdi hieu dflpc mpi vi|c xa hpi, phong trio di chu trfldng cho dflng, lam cho dung"[Sdd, t.6,tr.47] Phii nam chac quan dilm, dfldng Ifii gido dye cua Ding Ngoii kiln thflc chuyen mdn, ngfldi thiy giao phai cfi nhflng kiln thfle liln nganh bfi trp eho chuyin nginh ddm nh|n Nhflng ngfldi lira thay phii truyin dgt kiln thfle cfla minh cho ngfldi k h i c Neu ed chuyen mdn gidl m l phfldng phdp truyen dgt khdng tot thi hi|u q u i giing dgy se bj hgn ehl Gifla chuyin mdn vl phfldng p h ^ giing day cd mfii quan he mat thilt vfii nhau, tac dyng tfldng ho vfii nhau, ehuyen mfin Id npi dung Vi vgy Ho Chi Minh eho rang, ngudi thay gilo ngoli kien thfle chuyin mdn siu rpng phai thuan thye vl phfldng phap gidng dgy Ll ngfldi da tflng dflng tran bye gidng dio tgo nhieu t h i he cdn bp lanh dgo, Hd Cbi Minh da ed nhflng chi d i n ey the vl phfldng phip giing dgy: ; Gidng dgy phdi phii hdp vdi doi tUdng, theo khd nang nhdn tilde cda ngddi hoc Theo Hd Chi Minh, ngfldi tiily gido phai sau sdt, nam rfi kha nang nhgn thfle va hoin d n h cfla tftng i^fldi hpc de tim each tiiflc gili^ day phfl hpp Cd ddi tflpng phii ton nhilu tiidi gid, dgy ty ml tin mdi hilu vin dl Nhflvgy, HoC3ii Minh dfla quan dilin dgy tiieo ngfldi hpc chfl khfing phii bat ngudi hpc phdi hpe theo cdch dgy cfla mmh PhUdng phdp gidng dgy Id phdi xudt phdt til muc tiiu, ndi dung ddo tgo vd tdm ly Ida tuoi Ngfldi ndi phai tfl "myc dich cua gido dye, nfii dung cfla gilo dye sau dd tun d c h dgy" ; Theo phflpng e h i m dd, phfldng phdp dgy hpc d cap dgi hpc II phii din chfi sinh hogt hpc thugt, ting cfldng thio lugn de ngfldi hpe chfl dfing chilm linh tri thfle, dd, ngfldi tiiay gido "phdi nang eao vd hfldng din viec tfl hpc"[Sdd, t.6,tr.50] ^ Phfldng phdp giing dgy d dp tieu hpc 11 phii "nhe nhli^ | vui vl, ehd gd Ip thilu nhi vdo khufin kho cfla ngfldi Idn" [Sdd, t.8,tr.81] Cdn d e chiu mlu giao, can Ilm eho chflng vui, Ifle vui eflng can ldm eho chfing hpc vk phii Idm kilu mau mpi vi|e cho d c em bat chfldc Bii giang phdi sinh dfing, 1;^ lugn phdi gin vdi tiiflc tien dl ngfldi hpc de hilu,"mau hilu, mau nhd" Vi vgy, Ngfldi vilt van d l gl, ndi van d l gi, k l cl nhflng vin de ly lugn to Idn thi tfl ngudi : IktyvaUpC 13 s(512-2015 cd^trlnh dp hpc van eao din ngfldi d i n blnh thfldng diu ed the hilu dflpc Trong phfldng phdp giang dgy, Ngfldi dfla nhflng diem n i n trdnh Dfi la "tranh Ifii dgy nhdi sp, chu y tranh ndi tieng nfldc ngoii qua nhilu Nhflng tilng ta ed thi khong nen dflng tilng nfldc ngoli Vi vile hfii hpp cdn qui nhilu hgi den sflc khoe vk lanh phi thdi gian cua thay gilo vl hpc trd" Phdi phdt ddng phong trdo thi dua gidng dgy vd hgc tgp Dgy tfit phai trd thinh mfit phong trao quin chflng, thi can bfi gidng dgy cd dilu ki§n hpp tic, hpc hdi, trao dfii kinh nghiem hpc tiiugt vi giing dgy Dfldi sfl chi d i n cua Ngddi, nganh gilo dye d l phat dfing phong trio thi dua "hai tfit" (dgy tfit, hpc tdt) Phong trio "hai tfit" phit ti:ien c l be rdng lan ehieu siu vi da xult hiln nhieu dilm hlnh tiln Uln giang day vd hpe tap ddng gdp cho sfl phdt trien cua nginh giao d y e Ketlu|n Nhfl vgy, Hfi Chi Minh ed quan n i | m kha hoin chinh va sau sie vl vai trd, dgo dflc, ehuyin mdn vd phfldng phap gidng day cfla ngUdi thiy giao Thflc hien tfl tfldng cfla NgUdi, Ddng v l Chlnh phu da xay dflng dfii ngu n h i gilo dfing dao ve sfi Iflpng v l nang eao chit Iflpng Nhieu ngfldi so hp d l trd thinh nhd gido flu tfl, n h i gilo nhin dan, nha khoa hpe, nha van hoi, n h i giao dye ten tudi Dpi ngu n h i gido da vi dang gop p h i n quylt djnh vi|e dao tgo nhflng tri thflc tre, ky sfl, bac si, cdn bd khoa hpe ky thu|t, ein bfi quin 1^ kinh tl, nhflng ngfldi lao dfing chan chinh cdc linh vflc khde nhau, phyc vy sfl nghiep xiy dflng vi bdo v | Tfi qufic TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO Hfi Chi Minh: Todn tdp nxb.Chinh Tri Qufic gia, H I Nfii, 2000, tgp 4,5,6,7,8,9,11 TOM T A T Sinh thdi Chd tieh Ho Chi Minh rdt quan tdm din sU nghiip gido due ndi chung vd xdy dying ddi ngd nhd g^do ndi rieng Noi din gido difcphdi ndi den cdc yeu tdmifc tiiu, ndi dung, phUdng phdp gido due, cd sd vdt chdt, ngUdi hoe vd ngUdi dgy Cdcyiu tddd gdn bd vdi nhau, hoat ddng mot the thdng nhdt, ti-ong ngUdi thdy Id yiu to quan nhdt Hd Chi Minh dd cd quan niem khd ddy dii vi vai trd, nhiim vy, phdm chdt dgo ddc, chuyen mdn vdphUdngphdp gidng dgy cda ngUdi thdy Nghien edu vdn di ndy cd y nghia ly ludn vd thiic tiin to Idn ddi vdi sd nghi&p xdy difng doi ngU nhd gido hiin SUMMARY President Ho Chi Minh was very interested in education in general and construction teachers in particular Education includes factors objectives, such as content, educational methods, facilities, learners and teachers These factors intertwine, operate in a unified whole, in which the teacher is the most important factor Ho Chi Minh had quite adequate conception about the role, responsibilities, moral quality, professional and teaching methods of teachers Shidy this issue has great practical and theoretical meaningful for the construction teachers nowadays DANH GIA (Tlip theo trang 10) hay viet d u tra Idi dflng, Ifldng cl qud tiinh vl ca sin pham eua qua trinh dd, trinh biy van dl thflc - till gi^ thyc cho phep sinh win bfic Ifi khd nang v|n dyng kiln tiiflc vko tinh hufing tiiflc te Cho phip sinh viln bpc Ifi qui ti:inh hpc tap va til cfla lip tiifing qua viec tiifle hien bii till Day chinh la sfl flu viet cua ddnh gid tiiflc mfit hmh thflc ddnh gil dflpc el mflc dp nh|n tiiflc nfii dung kiln tiiflc el vl qui tiinh vgn dyng kiln tiiflc dd vdo cupc song Nhin ehung d c cfing trinh nghien cflu dflpc dl cgp phin ndy da gidn ti^ hodc trflc tilp khing djnh tim quan trpng cfla vi|c dlnh gil kit qui hpe tgp cua hpc sinh d nhfllig mflc dfi noi^ saukhlcnhau Cic cong trinh dl chira viii gili mpt each thuylt phye tam quan trpng cfla viec danh gil hogt dpng hpe t|p cfla hpc sinh vl suih vien (J pham vi hep hdn, nghien cflu vl tim quan trpng troi^ edng tae dinh gid kit qui hpc tgp cfla hpc sinh, d c tic gil da cung CE^ mfit Iflpng tii tiifle phong phu vd mdi me, eung d c h tilp cgn da chieu TAILIEUTHAMKHAO Bp Gilo dye va Dao tgo, 2006, Quy dii ddo tgo trung cdp chuyin nghiip theo hinh tiidc vita ldm vda hgc Ban hinh kem theo Quylt djnh so 13/2006/QD-BGDDT ngiy 18/4/2006 Bp Gido dye vi Dio tgo, 2007 Quy dii Ddnh gtd kit qud rin luyen cua hgc sinh, sinh viin cdc cd sd g}do due dgi hgc vd trUdng tmng cdp chuyen nghiip hi chinh quy Ban hinh kim flieo Quylt dinh sfi 60/2007/QD-BGbDT 16/10/2007 Chien Iflpc phdt trien gilo dye 2011 -2020 Weside.chinhphu.vn Nghj quylt Trung fldi^ khoa XI vl doi mdi d n bdn, todn di|n gido dye vi did tao TOMTAT Tren ed sd tong quan cdc edng trinh nghien cdu cda cdc tdc ffd vd ngo^ nUde, bdi viit da cho thdy hoqtdgng ddnh^d kit qud lm tdp cua hgc sinh Id mdt Ididu quan trgng vd c&i tidB quy trinh ddo tgo hge sinh danghgc tap tgi cdc cdsdgido dgc Thdngqua ddnh gid nhd qudn ly gido due, tiidy cd gido biit dUde hg dang ldm tdt cdi ff vd cdn tiiay dm cdi ^ died tiii ddo tgo hgc sinh tdt hdn Dong tiidi qua do, hgc sinh cdng biet dUdc ho tiip thu du^c edi gi vd cdi gi ehUatiipthu dUdc Kit qud hgc tgp g.dp cho hge sinh hiiu dddc hg dgt chudn ddo tgo vd mgc tieu ddo tgo d mdc dd ndo NgfiM kit qud ndy cdn ndi len kha ndng vd chdt lUdng ddo ti^ tda mgt tiTidng cung nhu khd ndng ihiic hdnh ddp Ung nhu cdu sd dung lao ddng cita cdc doanh nghiip SUMMARY Based on reviewing tiie research wotks of authors inside and outside the country, the article shows that the assessment of stiident learning outcome is a necessary and important step in the training process in each educational institutions Throu^ assessment education managers, teachers know what tiiey are doing well and what needs to change in order to train students better Also, tiiereby, students