J t e / m j H ^ S6 7 2016 45 DANH GIA HOAT DONG TRAI NGHIEM SANG TAO CUA HOC SINH I''''ii^dj BAT VANDE Hogt ddng trii nghi|m sing tgo l i mdt logi hinh hogt ddng giio dye cd myc dich, cd td ehflc dtfpc t[.]
J t e / m j H ^ S6 7-2016 45 DANH GIA HOAT DONG TRAI NGHIEM SANG TAO CUA HOC SINH I'ii^dj BAT VANDE 33 ' i(i! ^ iii* jrf;' BJ ThS DUONG THj T H O Y H A \ n | n Nghiln eflu stf phgm, Trtfdng Dgi hgc stf phgm H i Ndi dugc chuyin tii tdi HS bing nhilu dudng, nhieu each thflc khic Nhu; hgc tip via hoa, suu tam, hay c6 thi thdng qua nhflng thdng tin thu dugc tfl cic phuang tipn tmyin thong dgi chiing Mdi dirdng, moi each thflc c6 uu thi rilng cua minh Song tit ci diu nhim myc dich giiip HS nang cao hilu biet ve cic luih vuc khic ciia ddi song x i hdi - Dinh gii mflc dp dgt dtfdc cae ky ning HDTNST Khi ndi vl ki nang HDTNST, ngfldi ta thtfdng dl cap tdi ki ning bd phin nhfl: ki ning glao tit^, ki nang td chfle Id ning thflc hi^n, ki nang dinh gii kit qui hogt dpng, d6 giao tilp dtfpc xem la Id nang xuyin sudt cac ki ning bp phaa Ddi vdi ei nhin HS, dinh gii mflc dd dat dflpc ve kl ning boat dpng, can chii y tdi eie kl ning: thtfc hien hoat dpng (bao gdm: nhin nhi|m vy, thflc thi nhi|m vy dflpc giao, ttf dieu chlnh ban thin qua trinh thtfc hi|n); kl ning ttf danh gia kit qui dat dtfpc ei vl m | t nhin diflc, thdi dp va hanh vi; kl nang giao tilp Mdi HS, tu^ thudc vio dac dilm cd nhin m i hinh va phit triln h | didng cdc Id ning hogt ddng ttfdng flng - Dinh gid ve thai dp, tinh cim cua HS doi vdi HDTNST Ndi dung cua danh gia niy li xem xlt sfl hflng thfl, khuynh hfldng, nhu cau doi vdi hogt dpng, tam li san sang tham gia hogt ddng mdt each chii dpng v i sing tgo, thdi dp tdn trpng lln nhau, cung giup dd hogt dpng, va nilm tin vao nhflng kit qud dat dflpc sau hogt dpng Tuy thdi dd vd t k h eim la rat kho ddnh gid, soi^ n l u bilt dfla Danh gii HS qua HDTNST, la khing dmh ning tham gia nhflng tilu chi cy th^ phu hpp lfla tudi tifl ed t h l se thu dtfpc kit hogt dpng cua cic em Khi ning thara gia bo?t dpng thi hi|n cac qui ^ n h gii tich cflc In ning boat dpng, ki ning giao tiep cua HS Hoat dpng ciia HS 1.2 Ndi dung dinh gia tap t h l l o ^ dupc tfch cyc hoa tren co sd npi dung hoat dpng, hinh thuc td Dinh gid kit qui hogt dpng cfla tip the Idp dflpc t h l hi|n d: chirc boat dpng da dang v i phong phu Tinh da dang v i phong phu - So Itfpng hpe sinh tham gia hogt dpng; cila hogt dpng mpt mat phy thudc vio ngudi GV, vio tinh sing tao, chju khd thn tot suy nghi ciia hp Mit khac, trln co sd djnh - Cdc sin pham boat dpng; hudng, gpi -jf cua GV, HS se cung xay dyng nhihig hinh thflc - thflc cdng dong trach nhi|m; hogt ddng mdi, phu hpp vdi die diem lfla tudL - Tinh than hpp tdc hogt dpng Danh gia HS qua HDTNST, xlt cho cung chinh li sy xem xlt - l a nang hpp tic cfla hpe smh hogt ddng Dilu ndy rat mflc dp hoan thinh cac myc tieu d i de Can cfl vio myc tilu ciia quan trpng d l gdp phan hinh thinh mdt b i n try cdt cfla HDTNST, d trudng THPT, ndi dung danh gia HS (ci nhan va tap gido dye the kl XXI li "HQC de chung song vai mpi ngucri" thi HS) bao gdm nhiing diim sau day: - Danh gia mflc dg hieu biet cua HS ve npi dung cfla cac 2.ViHlNHTHlJrCDANHGlA hogt dgng De ddnh gii dupc ning tham gia hogt ddng cfla HS can cin Mudn dat dupc Id nang hogt dpng, cd thai dp fich cyc hoat cfl vio myc tieu, npi dung cfla hogt dpng, Qiin gian dinh cho hogt dpng v i cic dilu k i ^ khic cd lien quan tdi hogt dpng Ddi vdi dpng dli tnidc het can phai cd sy hilu biet diy du ve npi dung hogt tflng hogt dpng, cd thi tien hanh nhiiu hinh thflc va phuong phip ddng hay ndi each khic phii cd tri thiic v l hogt dong Vi viy, ndi danh gid khic Tuy nhien, du tien hinh dudi hmh thflc vd diing diu tiln cfla danh gia HS qua hogt ddng chfnii li diiJi gia phuong phdp ddnh gia nao cung deu phii tinh den sy phu hpp vdi nhiing hiiu bilt cua cic em ve hogt ddng Nhflng hiiu biit •^' S67-2016 46 myc tieu danh gii Bdi vl myc tilu ddnh gii li dau cy die phin anh mflc dp dgt dupc cua HS hoat dpng Chinh vi viy, hmh thflc vi phuang p h ^ dinh gii phii thfch hpp cho mdi dau cg tiii Do vgy, cd thl ndi hinh diuc va phuong phap danh gid HS qua HDTNST, phii mang tfnh da dgng v i phii phfl hpp vdi die diera HS cua rainh Sau diy la rapt so hinh diflc v i phuong phap dinh gii phd bien: 2.1 Dinh gii bing quan sit Quan sat li qua trinh tri gidc tryc tilp ddi tupng nhira thu thgp thdng tin ve doi tupng hoic kiera tra thdng tin ve doi tupng Quan sit dupc sfl dung nhu li mdt phucmg phip kiera tra, tu dd dua nhihig nhgn xet ddnh gii budc dau, cd tfnh chat djnh tfnh vl kit qua cua hogt dpng Khi quan sdt, GV sfl dyng t6ng hpp cac giac quan (chii yiu bing mit) d i theo ddi, tri giac rapi dien biln hogt ddng v i t ^ the HS nhim thu thap nhflng thdng tin phin inh vl cac bieu hi|n cua hdnh vi, thai dp, ki ning, tinh tfch cyc hogt dpng cua HS, lira co sd cho vi|c dinh gii NhQng thdng tin thu dupc tii quan sit raang tfnh smh ddng, da dgng, phoag phu, cbin thyc nhung ddi bi nhieu tmh chu quan cua chfl die quan s i t Do dd nhihig thdng tin ihu t h ^ dupc tfl quan sit cin dugc xfl U, cd sy so sanh, ddi chieu vdi cac thdng tin im dugc tfl cac phucmg p b ^ khic nhira tgo co sd cho vile danh gia HS rapt cdch khich quan 2.2 Dinh gii bing phieu t ^ daub gii Mau phieu ty dinh gia dugc Uiiit ke phfl hpp vdi tun^ boat dpng t i ^ fteo ndi dung hoat ddng Nen co sy thdng nhat mau phieu cho tit ca rapi diinh vien lrong tgp the Philu ty danh gia cd tic dyng giup HS ty nhin bilt bin thin, ty xem xet lgi qui trinh lam vi|c cua minh Do dd can thiit ke mpt cich khoa hpc, cin than, bao dam gii^ HS nim dupc npi dung va cich dinh gii, giiip HS cd the ty danh gia tmng thyc 2.3 Dinh gii bing phieu hdi Phieu hdi sfl dui^ he thdng ciu hdi di ddnh gii raflc dp nhan thflc v i thai dp cua HS ddi vdi cic npi dung hogt dpng H | thong ciu hdi nhim djnh htfdng giup HS phat bilu trln giay nhflng thu hogdi cua bin than sau hogt dpn^ dUa nhQng nhan xet, danh gii k& qua hogt dpng e ^ nhdra, to, cfia tap the Idp Ciu hdi dinh cho danh gii HS sau hogt ddng phdi i ^ i n gpn, cy the vi rd ring, trdnh sfl dyng nhflng cau rtfdm ra, khdng rd nghk hole d ^ khudn theo ralu eiu hdi cua radn h p c Ciu hdi trotig philn hoi ed t h l li: Ciu hdi tfl lugn (ciu hdi md) di phit huy ttf suy nghi cua HS Cdc em cd thl trd ldi nhflng y ehinh thu hoach dtfpc sau hoat dpng hoic ngu cim ttfdng cfla nflnh YSu eau ciu tri ldi can ngin gpn, cd t h l ehi neu mpt vii gach dau ddng Nhflng cau trd Idl cfla HS se giflp GV nira dflpc mflc dp hilu biet cua cic era vl npi dung hogt dpng Cau hdi dai^ trie nghiem khdch quan Sfl d y i ^ trie nghi|m khdeh quan vio vi|e danh gia kit qui giio dye dang dtfpc chii trpng v i cing dupc flng dyng rpng rai n h i trfldng, dgy hpc ciing nhfl Uong boat dpng giao due Nd ed t h l li rapt hinh thflc (hay Ii mpt phtfdng phip) thfch hpp kilm tra ddnh gii kit qua HDTNST Bdi ll, trie nghiera cd kha nhieu tfu thl, cd nang khic phyc dtfpc nhflng D0sp>^E^ khilm khuylt, nhflng hgn c h l cfla cic phtfdng thflc danh gia truyen thdng Trln t h l gidi, trie n ^ | m dflpc fli^ dung rdng rai, trd thdnh rapt phfldng tl|n Ifldng v i kilra dinh chat Iflpi^ giio dye dam bio dd tui cgy cao Ngtfdi ta cd nhieu bi|n phip de khac pkic nhflng han chl cua phfldng p h ^ n i y Trong dd, die bi|t chti trgng d&i vi|e phdi hgp sfl dyng trie nghiim vdi cic phfldng phdp danh gid truyen thing Trong vi|c dinh gii kit qui HDTNST, cd t h l sfl dyng phoi hop cac logi eiu hdi trie nghi|m sau day - Cau vdi hai phfldng an tra Idi: dfli^ - sai, ddng y hay Idioi^ ddng^ - Cau nhilu Ifla chgn - Ciu diln khuylt - Bai trie nghilm hinh vL - Bai trdc nghi|ra thai dd- Bai trie nghi|ra djnh htfdng gfi tri 2.4 Danh gii qua bai v i S Cd cie log! bii viet sau: - Bii vill ttfdng trtnh hoat dgng: Mdi HS vilt mdt bdn ttfdng trinh, neu tat cd nhflng v i ^ nn rainh da thara gia vio hogt dpng cfla Idp Bin tfldng trinh nhd b mpt thuylt minh cho vile thfle hi|n nhiem vy dtfpc giaoraatrong dd cic em nlu rd raflc dd tham gla, ttf dinh gla y diiic tham gia cfla bin than va ket qui dgt dtfdc Sau dd, ban tudl^ trinh se ditdc thdng qua td d l cic ban gdp y kiln bd sung GV dgc bin tiffn^ trinh eua HS se cd t h l bilt dtfgc kha nang ty ddnh gia dia cac em - B i i r i i t thu hoach: Cho hpc sinh vilt bai thu hoaeh la tgo cac dieu ki|n ml le bpc sinh the hi|n rapt cidi tnmg thflc nhflng kioi thfle da Enh hdi, nhflng thdi dp d i dtfpc hlnh doi vdi nhflng van dl d\ix dl c ^ npi dung hogt ddng Bii thu hoaeh eung thl hien day du cac kl ning ngdn ngfl, kl nang tgo vin ban Nd the hi|n m9l cich ddc ddo ca tinh, phong each, ttf tddng, ldi ttf duy, y thfic vk thdi dp hpc tgp cfla c i nhin Vi v^y, bii thu hogch cua hpc sinh la ca sd rat xdc dang d l GV danh gii trung thtfc kit qui boat dOng cfla hpc sinh va de hpc sinh tfl ^ n h gii bin thin Bii viet thu hogch cd the dvigc the hj|n dfldi hai hinh thdc Bai viet ttf do: HS tfl tdng kit Igi nhOi^ ^ minh thu hogch qua hogt ddng Qua bii vilt cd the bilt dtfpc nhflng ndi dung boat dpng nio de Igi & tflgng nhat ddi vdi hpe HS v i radc dp dm nhgn cua cae em Bai vilt theo htfdng dan: HS viet thu hoach tgp trung vao nhflng ndi dung theo ylu cau cua GV Bii vilt Iogi niy c6 die tip trung kiera tra raflc dp cira nhgn cfla HS ddi vdi nhting ngi dung trpng tam e) Ddnh gid qua sdn phdm hoat ddng San ph Jm hogt ddng cfla HS chinh la kit qua dat dtfpc sd dS ging thflc hi?n trieh nhi?m cfla minh Nhin vao sdn phwn hoat dpng cfla HS, GV cd the ddnh gii dtfdc y thfle trach nhiem d a eac era edng vi|c dflgc giao, nhgn K t dtfpc thii dp va tinh cam ddi vdi boat ddng cung nhfl ki ning hoat ddng Nlu sin phSm boat ddng cd chat Iflpng thflc sfl du chflng to HS ro y thflc tfl ^ tham gja vao hogt dpng Ngflpc lai, san phJm hogt dpng khong Ai • D f l ^ l l ^ j F ^ S6 7-2016 thoi man yeu cau cua GV, cfla tgp t h l ldp till cd t h l cho ring HS chfla hoan thinh nhilra vy dflpc glao 2.5 D i n h gii b i n g dilm sd Thdng thfldi^ dilra sd phdn inh chit Ifldng vi kit qud hpe t^p cfia HS, dd bao him cd tinh thin, tliii dd hpc tap GV sfl dyng diem sd d l dinh gii kit qui hpc tip cfla HS dfla trln mflc dd nlm kiln thfle cfla cic em Ddi vdi HDTNST dilra sd cd t h l sfl dyng di dinh gid vl raflc dd nhin thfle ndi dung hogt dpng, vl y thflc tham gia boat dpng cfla cdc em Lflpng hoi bdng diera s l hoat ddng cd the ip dyng cho dinh gia ci nhan HS hogc nhdm HS Chang hgn nhfl: diera so dung cho cde cupc thi cfla cde ddi tham gia thi, cho ci nhan HS vdi ttf cich Id khan gii cudc thi Thang di&n ciing rat Iinh hogt thupe vio hhih thfle hogt ddng Cd thl cho dilra bic 10, bic 20 hoac hdn the nfla Id diudc theo sfl quylt djnh Ifla chpn cfla GV vd HS Dilra sd boat ddng li mpt cin cfl giflp GV cd thira cfl li|u d l dinh gii HS sau boat dpng 2.6 D i n h g i i qua tpa d i m , trao ddi ^ kiln, qua nhgn xlt G V (» die td ehfle eac cupe toa dim, trao ddi y kiai vdi ca nhan HS, rapt sd ngtfdi ed moi quan h | vdi HS de cd nhQi^ thdng tin trtfc tiip Iam cd sd eho viee ddnh gii 2.7 Danh gia qua bai t i p v i trlnh diln Stf dung bai tap thfle hdnh hay bii tgp U thuylt v i vile trinh ^ dien cfla HS d l kilm tra dinh gii kit qua HDTNST Ii hinh tiiflc ^ phu hpp Khi lim bii tgp vi tiinh diln, HS khdng ehi bpc lp hilu ^ bilt vi vin dyng li thuyet m i cdn t h l hiln raflc dp thdnh thao, , dflng dan cfla thao tdc, cfla hdnh vi Kit qui lira bai tip vd trbih dien cung t h l hi|n rd nit thdi dp v i nang dyih hfldng gia tr( ciiaHS GV nen Ifla dipn bii tgp vi vi|e trinh dien phfl hdp vdi mye tilu ddnh gii, npi dung hogt ddng v i raflc dp yeu cau phu hpp vdi ' trlnh dp, £ e u kiln cfla HS d l cd the ddnh gia dtfpc toan dien stf : phit trien nhan cdch ' 2.8 D d n h gia c u a G V chu n h i ^ m v i c i c Itfc Itfdng g i i o due khac ' Thy thudc vio ede boat ddng cy t h l m i cd the phdi hgp vdi ede Iflc Itfpng giio dye khic nhtf: GV bd mdn, cae td chfle doan thl, gia dlnh HS, cpng ddng d dja phUdng d l dinh gii kit qui cua hogt I dpng va stf trtfdng thanh, phdt trien nhin edeh HS dtfpc glao dye ; tiidng qua cic HDTNST Ltfc Itfpng tham gia ddnh gii cd val trd hd trg eho hoat ddng ddnh gii cfla GV Hp cd nhi|m vy giup dd eho ddnh gia cfla GV bing vi|c cung dp tiidng tui n h | n xlt v l nhflng trfldng hgp die , bift, biy td quan diem ddnh gii cua minh Nhflng giiip dd cua hp se rat cd y nghia cho vi|c quyet djnh cudi eung cfla GV vi|c xip Iogi HS Sfl t | p hpp ddng dao cic Iflc Itfpng tham gia ddnh gii se Iam cho q u i trinh dinh gii khdch quan hdn, ed dp tin cgy hdn Vi?c sfl dyng hmh thflc ddnh gid nio Ii GV Ifla chpn Tuy nhiln, quylt djnh lfla chpn hlnh thflc dinh gli, GV can chfl ^ tdi dgc dilm HS cfla minh, tdi nhflng yeu cau v l hoat dpng ma nha trtfdng dgt v i dgc bi?t phdi bam vio myc tilu cfla hogt dpng Hinh thfle ddnh gji dtfpc chpn ciing phdi n h i m d d i ^ viln, khieh 1| hflng thfl ho^tf ddng cfla HS, hfldng cie em tham gia tich cflc hdn vao nhflng hoat dpng t i ^ tiieo 47 Ddnh gid HS qua HDTNST ddl hdi phdi tuin tiieo rapt quy trhih ch$t die vi khoa hpc Thflc tiln ciia vi§c t l chfle HD cho HS d i chiing rauih ring: n l u khdng cd ddnh gii kit qud hogt d$ng vd nlu cdng tdc dinh gii khdng theo quy trinh ch^t che thi de tgo n l n nhflng chu quan vi sfl thilu hflng tini ddi vdi hogt dpng cfla cdc em VI vgy, ddnh gii HS qua HD theo rapt quy trtnh chat die vi khoa hpc d n phii dira bio nhflng yeu cau i M t dinh nhfl dira bio tinh khdeh quan qui trlnh ddnh gid, tfnh h | thing eua quy trinh dinh g i l D i n h gii kit qua HDTNST d mdi ldp v i sau cip hgc cin phib - Dya vio ehuin Moi thfle, ki nang cfla hogt ddng giio due tflng radn, tflng ldp; yeu eiu ed bin can dgt vl kiln thfle, ki nang, thdi dd (theo dinh hfldng t i ^ cgn ning Iflc) cfia hpe sinh cfla d p hpe - Phli hpp gifla dinh gii thtfdng xuyin vd dinh gii djnh kl, gifla ddnh gii ciia giao viln va tfl dinh gid eiia hpe suih, gifla ddnh gia cfia nhi trtf di^ vd dinh gii cua gia ifinh, cdng ddng - Kit hpp gifla lilnh thflc ddnh gid bdng trie nghi|ra khddi quan v i ty ludn nhdm phdt buy nhfli^ tfu dilm ciia radi hhih thflc ddnh gii niy - Cd cdng cy ddnh gli thieh hgp nhira dinh gid toin di|n, cdng bing, trung thtfc, cd nang phan Iogi, giiip gido viln va hgc sinh dilu chlnh ldp thdi vile day v i hpc T A I U ^ U THAM KHAO Bd Gido dye va Dio tat^ 2014 Di an dot mdi chudng trinh vd sdch gido khoa sau 2015 (Bdn dtf thdo) Chiin lUdc phdt tiien gido due 2011 • 2020 cda Thd tUdng (hinh phu, phe duy|t ngdy 13 thing nira 2012 (Quylt djnh sd 711/QD-TTg cfla Thfl Wdng Chflih phfl) Bii/ Nggc Diep vd cdc tdc gid (2009), Tdi liiu t&p hudn GV cot c&n HDGD NGLL trUdng THCS SUMMARY Assessment is an indi^ensidjle stage in teaching process which helps teacher know students' learning competences through resolving situations, concerning the lesson contents, educational activities or one learning period Ther^ore, the requirements and contents of assessment must stick to learning processes, subject objectives, with differentiation for each student Keywords: Assessment, activity assessment, creative experience, creative experiential activity Nhan bdi ngdy 26/6/2016 Sda chUa xong 3/7/2016 Duy^t ddng 10/7/2016 VI St; nghiap phat trl^n GIAO DUC ... tgp cfla c i nhin Vi v^y, bii thu hogch cua hpc sinh la ca sd rat xdc dang d l GV danh gii trung thtfc kit qui boat dOng cfla hpc sinh va de hpc sinh tfl ^ n h gii bin thin Bii viet thu hogch... dtfgc kha nang ty ddnh gia dia cac em - B i i r i i t thu hoach: Cho hpc sinh vilt bai thu hoaeh la tgo cac dieu ki|n ml le bpc sinh the hi|n rapt cidi tnmg thflc nhflng kioi thfle da Enh hdi, nhflng... ed bin can dgt vl kiln thfle, ki nang, thdi dd (theo dinh hfldng t i ^ cgn ning Iflc) cfia hpe sinh cfla d p hpe - Phli hpp gifla dinh gii thtfdng xuyin vd dinh gii djnh kl, gifla ddnh gii ciia