GIAODUCVAOAOTAO BAN VE NQI DUNG GIANG DAY MON DICH KINH TE THlTdNG MAI Ha Van Riin Tom tat Gidng dgy dich Id mdt trong cdc mdn hgc chii dgo cua cde Khoa ngogi ngii tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Ngogi thuang Tgi[.]
GIAODUCVAOAOTAO BAN VE NQI DUNG GIANG DAY MON DICH KINH TE THlTdNG MAI Ha Van Riin Tom tat Gidng dgy dich Id mdt cdc mdn hgc chii dgo cua cde Khoa ngogi ngii: tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Ngogi thuang Tgi phdi cd dich thudt, vd dich cd cdc hinh thuc ndo Phdt trien cua ly thuyit dich, cdc ca sd ngdn ngii: hgc cua dieh Ihugt, vdn di giao Ihoa ngdn ngir vd giao thoa vdn hda dich thudt, vdn di chuyin djch tuang duang vd ede khd khdn gidng dcjy dieh Id edc vdn de dugc de cap bdi bdo ndy Txt khoa: dich Ihugt, tucmg duang, giao Ihoa vdn hda, giao thoa ngdn ngU, hd vdn rien, itnh Ihdi Ma so: 190.071015 Ngdy nhgn bdi: 07/10/2015 Ngdy hodn thdnh bien t^: 23/11/2015 Ngdy duyft ddng: Summary Teaching translation is one ofthe main study subjects ofthe Foreign Language Faculties al Ihe Foreign Trade University Why we have translators and how mcmy forms of translation exist? Development ofthe theory of trcmslalion, the linguistics basis of translation, problems oflcmguage interference and acculturation in translation, problems of translation equivalence and difficulties in teaching translation are the problems mentioned in this article Key words: translation, equivalence, acculturation, language interference, van rien, modality Paper No.190.071015 Date of receipt: 07/10/2015 Date ofrevision: 23/11/2015 Date ofapproval: 25/11 L Dat van de Khoa Tieng Phap da dua mdn Dich kinh te thuong mai vao giang day cho sinh vien tu nam thii d ca hai chuyen nganh Kinh tl ddi ngoai, Tieng Phap thuong mai Chiing ta se giang day va cung cip cho sinh vien nhirng gi ttong khoang thdi gian vat chit cho phep thyc sy la khdng nhilu ttong tdng thdi gian giang day cila Chuong ttinh Tilng Phap ciia Khoa Thyc te tryc tiep giang day mdn Dich kinh t l thuang mai cho sinh vien d cac chuyen nganh nhilu nam qua, chiing tdi thiy trinh sinh vien rit chenh lech Ly giai thich dilu la sinh vien dugc dao tao tieng Phap tvr trade d cac Tradng Phd thdng trung hpc (PTTH) nhieu noi khac Thi tuyen sinh hinh thiic ba chung eiing la nguyen vi chiing ta khdng phin biet duge va khdng tuyen chgn dugc cho minh cac khda sinh vien co chat lugng diu vao nhu Sinh vien von la eac hgc sinh ttudmg chuyen ngii, cac ldp song ngQ cd khdi lugng gid hgc tieng Phap nhieu born so vdi sinh vien vdn la hgc sinh den tu eac tradng PTTH khdng chuyen ngii Thuc te venh ve trinh diu vao nhung nam qua d cac Khda da lam cho viec thilt kl mpt chuang trinh giang day cho phu hgp vdi TS, Tnrong Dai hoc Ngoai thuong; Email: vantue257@yahoo.com 90 Tapchi KINH TE DOI NGOAI Stf 78 (12/2015) GIAODUCVAOAOTAO mdt ddi tugng khdng ddng dlu khdng phai la khdng gap khd khan nhit dinh Gia nhu sau cbiing ta dugc quyen ve tuyen sinh nhu nhiing nam trade, chiing ta ty dl thi, chim thi toi nghT se sat vdi ttinh cila cac thi sinh tham gia dy thi va chae chan se chgn lgc dugc cac sinh vien mdi cd chat lugng Cd nhieu van de can trao ddi lien quan den djch thuat Cd the ndi Dich thuat la mdt mdn khoa hgc cd svr dung kien thiic cua nhieu mdn: tvr vung, ngQ phap, ngU dung, tinh thai, dien ngon, van hda van minh Tac gia xin phep trinh bay so lugc, chim pha dudi diy ndi dung chinh nen phat trien d Chuang trinh giang day Dich cho sinh vien ciia Tradng DH Ngoai thuang Npi dung cua giao trinh day dich 2.1 Sucan thiit phai cd dich thuat Nhu chiing ta da biet, each day hang trieu nam ngudi da xuit hien cung vdi ngdn ngir cua mmh Trai qua qua trinh phat trien lich su xa hgi phan chia tilng vving lanh tho, cimg vdi sy da dang ciia cac cdng ddng ngudi, da xuat hien sy da dang cua ngdn ngir Nhu cau giao tiep giiia cdng ddng ngudi COtiengndi khac lam xuit hien sy can thiet ciia dich thuat Dich ndi hay dich viet la mpt boat ddng ciing lau ddi nhu tieng ndi va chir viet cua ngudi Nhu cau dich thuat cQng tang len ttong ddi song hien dai, trinh cua cac dan tpc cang phat trien va nhu ciu tiep xiic, giao lim giira cac dan tgc trd mgt nhu cau khdng thl thieu dugc Tvr nhirng nam 50, ngudi ta da chiing kien mdt sy gia tang khdng ngiing cua cac an pham, cac tai lieu dich, cung nhu chiing kien mdt sy phat trien cua cac quan he cua cac td chirc qudc te (5 Cgng ding chung chau Au, mdi nam ngudi ta dich gin mia ttieu trang sach 90% lugng thong CA'-ro m / n i S tin dugc luu trir cac van ban tieng Anh, tilng Phap, tieng Nga va tieng Diic De dap iing nhu ciu dd, cac tradng phien bien dich da dugc xiy dyng, eac hiep hdi qudc gia va qudc te da dugc hinh de hd trg va phat trien cdng tac dich thuat Xa hgi thay ddi, thi tradng cua dich thuat ciing thay ddi va nay, hom bao gid het, dich thuat ddng mgt vai trd quan trgng ttong boat ddng giao tiep giOa cac dan tgc Dich thuat kinh te thuang mai ciing nam nhu cau dd 2.2 Cdc hinh thiec dich thuat Cd the phin nhieu kieu dich khac nhau, tdy theo tieu chi dugc lya chgn de phin chia Tyu chung lai, Nguyen Hdng Cdn cho chiing ta thay cd ba tieu chi cu the nhu sau: a Dya vao sd lugng va tinh chat ciia cac td ngdn ngii dugc dich Theo tieu chi nay, cbiing ta thay cd hai kieu dich sau: * Dich ddi iing: la kieu dich ma dich chiing ta phai tim kiem cac tuong duomg cua ngdn ngir dich cho tit ca cac td ndi dung va hinh thiic cila van ban gde, chil yeu la tuomg duomg d cip ndi dung * Dich ban che: each dich ddi lip vdi each dich binh thudng, chi gidi ban ttong pham vi mdt hay hai td d binh dien bieu hien va dugc bieu hien ciia van ban gde Chiing ta chii giai khdng nhirng ve loai tir ma cdn phai chii giai chiic nang ngii phap cila cac phan cau Chiing ta phai chi rd tvr loai, tvr nao la chu ngO, tir nao la vi ngir, va d dang thi nao, tir nao la tan, bd ngvr b Dya vao cac phuang tien bieu hien cila van ban goc va van ban dich Theo tieu chi nay, chiing ta cd the phan biet hai loai la phien dich va bien dich, ndi mgt each khac la dich ndi va dich viet Trong thyc te, chiing ta thiy cd cac hinh thvrc dich khac nira, tvr van ban /.hf ITTM u T U t \ r » i ^^^f^r\ k GIAODUCVAOAOTAO ngudn sang van ban dich, dd la: Ndi-Ndi, Vilt-Vilt, Ndi-Vilt,Vilt-Ndi, Vilt/Ndi-Dieu bd, Dieu bg-Viet/Ndi c Phan loai dich dya theo loai hinh van ban Cach phan loai chu yeu dya vao cac hinh thiic khac cila van ban gde Theo tieu ehi nay, chiing ta thiy cd dich van hgc nghe thuat (van xudi, tho ca, kich ), dich van ban khoa hgc ky thuat, dich cac van ban chinh luin hanh chinh sy vu, dich cac cdng trinh bien khao (nhu van ban Thien chiia giao) Mdi loai hinh van ban cbiing ta thiy cd mdt ly thuyet dich rieng, ttong dd cd cac yeu td dugc nhin manh, cd cac yeu td dugc phep xem nhe Vi du: Ddi vdi cac van ban khoa hgc ky thimt, cac chi tiet giai thich phai dugc chii ttgng, ttong dd ddi vdi cac van ban hanh chinh thi hinh tbiic lai rit dugc coi ttgng Trong van ban kinh te thuong mai, chiing ta phai chilttgngdich khdng nhiing cac chi tiet, ndi dung ma hinh thuc cua nd ciing khdng dugc nhang, xem nhe cac nganh khoa hgc, dac biet la ngdn ngir hpc Id gic hgc, tim ly hgc, va phuong phap su pham Tai cae tradng Tolede, tir thl ky thii 12 cac chuong trinh giang day cua Tradng ngdn ngO phuomg Ddng, dai hgc Geneve, Turin, Vienne, Paris ngudi ta da giang day thyc hanh ngdn ngii va dich dugc xem la rapt boat ddng thye tien Tvr liu, cac ten tudi nhu Ciceron, d'Horace, de Saint-Jerdme, de Dante, d'Erasme, d'Etienne Dolet, de Joachim du Belley, de Monstesquieu, Chateaubriand, de Paul Louis Courier, de Humboldt, de Gide da keo dai danh muc cac nha van cd chinh kiln cila minh ve dieh thuat, song dai da so cac tradng hgp, hg chi dua eac cam nghT chung chung, mang tinh ca nhin, chi dya tren tinh chit liet ke eac kinh nghiem Tit ca cac vin dl dd, eac nhin dinh dd deu dyattenkinh nghiem (empirisme) Nguge ddng thdi gian, dau vet diutienciia dich thuat cd the tim thiy tvr nhung nam 3000 Cbiing ta cdn cd the ehiing kien nhieu BC ttong thdi dai vuong qudc Ai cap cd, ttong dang dich khac niia ma boat ddng cvia chiing khu vyc cua Caracal De nhit Elephantine, noi cd khac ddi chilt: Dd la dich nhac (par ngudi ta tim thiy vet tich eila ban thao bang chuehotage), ldng phu de (sous-lilrage) va hai ngdn ngu Vao nhumg nam 300 BC, dich long tieng phim, phien dich cd dich dudi trd mdt boat ddng cd tim quan ttpng isimultanee) va dich tiep sau (consecutive) dac biet d phuang Tiy, ngudi Roman sii Nhin tdng the, cbiing ta cd the ndi cac net khac dung nhieu yeu td cua nen van hda Hy lap, biet cua ngdn ngvr da tao nen nhirng khd khan dd cd toan bd cac co eau tdn giao Vao boat ddng chuyen dich tvr ngdn ngO the ky thii XII, phuomg Tiy cd quan he voi sang ngdn ngO khac Ndi mdt each cu the hom, Islam d Moorish Spain Tinli hinh tao nen nhirng dac trvmg rieng biet ciia loai hinh van dieu kien thuin lgi cho viec dich tren pham vi ban, nhiing dang thiic dac thu cua boat ddng rdng ban, dd la: ngdn ngir ciing chi phdi nhieu each dich • Sy khac ve chit lugng ttong nen Dich ciing ludn ludn thay ddi Chinh vi viy, van hda (Phuomg Tay thi phat ttiln mugn hon Ivan Nabokov, phu trach phan van hgc nudc nhvmg diing ve mat khoa hgc ma ndi, lai cam ngoai cua Nha xuit ban Plon da ndi vui la ''cic thu va chip nhin nhanh nhiing y tudng mdi) khodng vdi ehue ndm chiing ta cdn phdi dem • Sy tilp xiic lien tuc giua hai ngdn ngO dich lgi, vi ngPn ngU thay dPi chdng vdnh" Khi chinh quyln tdi cao Moorish bj tan 2.3 Qud trinh phdt triin cua ly thuyit dich Spain, Tradng Phien bien dieh Toledo da dich Dich thuat la mdt nganh khoa hgc d giira nhirng tac phim cd dien khoa hgc va trilt hpc 90 Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI Stf 78 (12/2015) GIAODUCVAOAOTAO bang tieng A rap Ban dich kinh cila Luthen nam 1952 da dat nin mdng cho tieng Dire hien dai va kinh cila King James (1661) da cd anh hudng ban diu den ngdn ngir va van hgc Anh qudc Nhirng giai doan quan trgng ve dich da di trudc Shakespeare va nhung ngudi ddng thdi vdi dng, nhirng tie gia thugc chil nghTa cd dien Phap va cac trao lim lang man E Cary, ttong cudn "Les grands traducteurs francais" da gidi thieu nhieu dich gia Phap Trade bet dd la Etienne Dolet, ngudi ma ttong tieu luan cua minh mang ten " i a maniere de bien traduire d'une langue en autre" da neu len qui tac dich tdt nhu sau: * Dich gia phai hieu dugc hoan chinh y nghTa va phong each cua van ban phai dich * Dich gia phai cd hieu biet siu ve ngdn ngii cua tac gia * Can phai dich bang cac tii thdng dung, gan giii vdi tieng latinh * Dich gia khdng dugc chuyen dich "tic bdm tic" * Can phai cd mdt sy quan sat va gan nghe thuat djch vdi nghe thuat hvmg bien G Mounin da so sanh hai each dich sau: * Cach dich thii nhit uu tien den van ban dich (den ngdn ngir, den thdi dai va den nen van minh) * Cach dich thil hai uu tien den van ban goc (den ngdn ngii, den thdi dai va den nen van minh) Tuy nhien, cho dii da nhan manh den lich svr van de, cd gang xac dinh, nhin manh mdt vai sai lam cac thao tac chuyen dich, G Mounin ciing van khdng ndi ro dugc vin de trang hay khdng trang dich nam d dau Cd thl ndi bat dau tir nhirng nam 50 vdi sy tham gia cua cac nha ngdn ngQ hgc, dich thuat /I'i/'jnio da phat trien manh me, din den viee xiy dung mdt ly thuyet tdng quan va toan dien ve dich Cac nghien ciiu cd lien quan den ly thuyet dich da phat trien ram rg ttong nhung nam 60 Cac nghien ciiu bao gdm cic nghien ciiu ve ngdn ngQ hgc cung nhu cae chuyen nganh khac nhu tim ly hgc, xa hdi hgc va nhin chiing hge Cff Sff ngon ngu hoc cua djch thuat 3.1 Cdc nhdn to ngon ngir Theo Nguyen Hdng Cdn, don vi dich la mdt don vi cd nghTa ctia ngdn ngQ Dom vi cd nghTa thap nhat la hinh vi, cao nhit la van bin Cau la mgt don vi dich ty nhien nhit Trong thao tac dich chiing ta cin phai nhan dugc sy phi ddi xiing (asymetrie) giua hinh thuc va y nghTa cua cac don vi dich Cd hai loai phi ddi xiing: phi ddi xiing pham vi mdt ngdn ngQ va phi ddi xiing giQa cac ngdn ngu vdi Cung nhu ddi vdi cac ngdn ngQ khac, tieng Phap va ttong tieng Viet, chiing ta thay cd nhirng quan he phi ddi xiing giQa hinh thiic va y nghTa Nguyin Hdng Cdn da neu bat cac phi ddi xiing, cu the nhu sau: a Phi ddi xiing d cip tvr * Cac tvr ddng am: la cac tu cd mgt vd ngu am nhu song lai cd nhieu khai niem bieu vit khac Vi du: "mats'" la "nhung", "song" va "mai"" la "thdng ndm" * Cac tir da nghTa: Vi du: "prix" cd the chuyen dich cd lilc la "gid cd\ cd lai la "gidi thudng' * Cac tir ddng nghTa: Vi du: "bon marchc", "meilleur marche", "prix peu eleve", "prix bas", "prix modique" deu cd the dugc dich la "gid re" * Hien tugng chuyen loai: Trong dich thuat cd the mgt tu nao dd d ngdn ngu ngudn la tir loai nay, song khdng nhit thilt ngdn ngu dich tir chuyen dich cung cung thugc mdt tii GIAODUCVAOAOTAO loai dd Vi du: "Trong cde ong giao hdng (ciu tnic tilng Viet la C+V), chiing tdi se tiin hdnh cde thii tuc todn tien hdng" Ciu cd thl chuyin dich tilng Phap la "Lars de voire livraison des marchandises (cau ttiic danh tvr), nous procedons a des formaliles de paiemeni" b Phi ddi xiing d cap ngu Trong thyc hien thao tic djch, chiing ta phai xac djnh cho sinh vien nam dugc cac quan he Id gic ngu nghTa ma cac ngQ doan bieu thi: * Phi ddi xiing giQa hinh thiic rut ggn va y nghTa hoan chinh Trudc thyc hien thao tac chuyen dich, chung ta phai giilp sinh vien khdi phuc Iai dang hoan chinh cua nd de chuyen djch Vi du: "an dua" neu chuyen dich "manger les baguettes" thi rit ngd, ma phai hudng din sinh vien chuyen dich "manger avec les baguettes"; hoac "vous serez expedies" chuyen dich "cdc Png se hi gici dr thi rat thd thien, bdi diy la mdt each dung dac biet cua ngdn ngu thuong mai, cd nghTa la "hdng hoa se duac gici di cho cdc Png"; cau tieng Phap hoan chinh se phai la "ies marchandises vous seront expediees " * Phi ddi xiing cau tnic da nghTa (hoac da chirc nang) Trong cac van ban tieng Phap ciing nhu cac van ban tieng Viet, chiing ta thudng thay ciu true sau: Nom (danli tu) + dc (cua) Nom (danh tu) Y nghTa sd hiiu la mgt the hien ndi trdi cua cau true Vi du: "Les hiens de celle societe" (lidng hda ciia cdng I)' ndy) Tuy nhien, doi cau tnic thl hien quan he giua chinh the va bd phan, hoac quan he vl sd lugng, vl loai Vi du: "la tele du corps", "la production de riz ", "I 'exportation de produits d'artisanat et de beaux-arts, "desproduits de bonne qualite" Chving ta cin xac dinh diing nghTa thuc sy ctia ciu true 100 Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI * Phi ddi xiing e i p cau: Nhu cbiing ta deu bilt, ciu la mdt dom vi dich ty nhien nhat Dich la phai chuyin tai nghTa thdng bao Van dl phi ddi xirng giQa hinh thiie va y nghTa d cap ciu dugc thl hien d cac phuong dien sau: - Phi ddi xiing giQa cau tinh lugc va npi dung thdng bao hoan chinh ciia ciu hoan chinh Vi du: "Bonjour", "Salut", "Ciao" la cac phuong tien ngdn ngu de the hien ldi chao cua tieng Phap Nhirng dang ciu tinh Iupc ddi hdi dich phai tray hieu dang hoan chinh cua ciu, cd tie the "tdr va cd ddi the tiep nhin "anh", dc ehuyen dich la "Tdi ehdo anh" hoac "Chdu chdo Z^ac" Chiing ta co the tim thiy nhieu vi du khac the hien sy phi ddi xiing giQa cau tinh lugc va ndi dung thong bao ciia ciu hoan chinh Vi du: "Mua I", de chuyen dich cau tinh lugc tu cau hoan chinh "Troi mua '", dich gia phai nhan dupc cd sy xuit hien cua ehu tu vd nhan xung "//" tieng Phap de chuyen djch la "Ilpleut!" - Phi ddi xiing giQa ciu tnic ngQ phap va y nghTa bieu hien (hay giQa ciu tnic ndi va cau tnic chim) Van de dugc the hien rit ro net cae dang eiu chii ddng va cau hi dpng Vi du: "Mpt tin dung thu da duac md Igi Ngdn hdng Vietcombank Hd npi" Ciu tieng Viet cd the duge ehuyen djch bang cac each sail ttong tieng Phap: "Une letlre de credit a ete oiiverte a Vietcombank Hanoi", hay "L 'on a ouverl une leltre de credit a Vietcombank Hanoi", hoac la "L'ouverture d'une letlre de credit a ete effecluee d Vietcombank Hanoi' Nhu vay, cung mdt cau ttilc chim, y cd the bieu dat bang nhieu cau ttiic ndi khac Phi doi xiing giua dang thilc ngQ phap va hanh ddng ngdn trung Theo ngQ phap trayen thong, chiing ta thay cd dang ciu sau: cau tudng thuat, cau nghi vin, ciu menh lenh, cau cam than Theo hanh ddng ngdn trung, Stf 78 (12/2015) GIAODUCVAOAOTAO chung ta ed cac dang ciu nhu: ciu trinh bay, CO quan Vi du "A Bercy, on vient de declarer cau hdi, ciu ciu khien, ciu menh lenh, ciu que " v.v , hay each dien dat nhin hda "la de nghi, ciu lenh, ciu mdi chao, ciu biia valse des monnaies " ndi den bien ddng hen, ciu tuyen bd Trong tieng Phap ngudi cua ddng tien ta hay dvmg ciu hdi de the hien ldi mdi, ldi Yeu td van hda, van minh ciing phai dugc de nghi Vi du: "Voudriez-vous nous accorder luu y ttong boat dgng chuyen dich ngdn ngQ une remise de 20%?" hay "Voulez-vous visiter Phap Viet, ciing nhu boat ddng dich notre exposition de machines outils?"; hoac til tieng Viet tieng Phap CO the dung cdng thiic "Si + dpng tic chia a thi Van de giao thoa ngdn ngir va giao imparfail" de the hien ldi mdi, hay ldi de nghi nhe nhang, hay de the hien mdt sy mong udc thoa van hoa dich thuat 4.1 Giao thoa ngon ngif Vi du: "Si on allait au cinema " hay "Si vous n'en retardiezpas la livraison " Giao thoa ngdn ngQ la hien tugng xay Trong hudng din sinh vien chuyen mdt each khdng y thuc va thudng xuyen ttong dich, giao vien phai chi rd dugc la cd nhieu tiep xiic cua hai ngdn ngQ Bally da ggi van dang thiie bieu hien vdi nhieu loai hanh ddng de giao thoa la mdt ban nang loai suy ngon trvmg khac Ciu hinh thuc hdi lai (instinct analogique) Trong qua trinh hdi khdng cd muc dich hdi Vi du: "Ai lgi ldm the nhap, tilng Viet da chiu anh hudng cila nhieu bao gid? "(ngan can) hay "Toi co noi the bao ngdn ngQ nude ngoai Do hoan canh lich su, gid ddu ? " (bac bd) va "Que voulez-vous que tieng Phap, tieng Anh, tieng Nga la cac ngdn ngQ cd anh hudng nhieu den sy phat trien ciia jefasse ?" (cau khien) tilng Viet Anh hudng rit dl nhin thiy d 3.2 Cdc nhan to ngodi ngon ngir sy vay mugn (emprunts) tu ngQ Cac nhin td ngoai ngdn ngQ, ben eanh cae Trong qua trinh hdi nhip va phat trien cila nhan td ngdn ngQ, la nhan td eiing rit cin dugc chiing ta, giao thoa ngdn ngQ la mgt hien chii y boat ddng thao tac chuyen dich tugng duong nhien xay Ngoai tu vay mugn, Trong cac van ban kinh te thuang mai tieng chiing ta cdn thiy cd sy phdng (caiques) Phap hay tieng Viet cd rit nhieu yeu td Cac tu ngQ, chuyen dich mdt mdt (traduction thuat ngQ kinh tl thuang mai la dac thvt rieng litterale), sy cai bien (adaptation) va tuomg ttong dang ngdn ngu chuyen nganh Trade duomg (equivalents) dich, giao vien cin cho sinh vien hieu thdng 4.2 Giao thoa van hda thao cac thuat ngQ dd The nao la "naxdu", the nao la "tin dung thu", "trdi phiiu" Cac thuat Trong giao dich kinh doanh qudc te, yeu td ngu la tuong ddi nhieu tieng Phap van hda ciing la mdt nhung yeu td quan va ttong tieng Viet Cd cac thuat ngQ vdn cd trgng Mdi mdt din tgc cd mdt phong tuc tip ciia Viet Nam ngudi Viet tao nen tten co sd quan rieng biet Cach suy nghT va each nhin, nhiing tu thuan Viet, nhu "mua", "bdn", "giao each danh gia d tiing hien tugng kinh hdng tgi tdu" song cd cac thuat ngQ lai tiep doanh, nhin chvmg la gidng nhau, song vin cd nhin tu tilng Han, tiep nhan tu ngdn ngQ chiu nhirng diem rat rieng Au,ttongdo cdtiengPhap Tieng Viet cd nhieu tvr ngQ cd gde la tu Trong cac van ban kinh tl thucmg mai, tieng Phap, ciing nhu chiing ta cd the thiy ngudi Phap hay dung ten dl chi mdt ttong tieng Phap cung cd tir glc Viet Sy tilp ca'^o /^n/ini^l ITTM XI TT? n r * T XTrf^r* A T GIAODUCVAOAOTAO thu ed chgn lgc cac ylu td cin cho sy tiep xiie da lam eho mdi din tgc manh dan bd xung vao ngdn ngu eua minh cac yeu td ngoai lai dl lam phong phii them van hda va ngdn ngu cua din tdc "tuang duang dpn^' Theo dd, cd nhilu ttrong duomg khac nhu sau: 5.1 Tucmg duemg vi thong tin miiu ta Trong ngdn ngQ hgc, thdng tin mieu ta duge ggi la thdng tin sy kien, nghTattinhbay Cd thl ndi ylu td van hda la mgt nhung (Halliday) Thdng tin mieu ta thyc tl nham ylu tl ngoai ngdn ngQ rit quan trgng dieh trinh bay cae sy tinh the gidi hien thuc thuat Cac dac dilm van hda bao trum len tat hoae mdt the gidi kha nang nao dd Thdng tin ca cac ITnh vyc ddi sdng cila ngudi, ttong dlu duge logic hge va ngdn ngQ hgc quan dd cd kinh tl thuang mai Van hda thuang mai tim, bdi vi thdng tin quylt dinh gia tri chan ciia mdi nudc la khac dugc hinh tu thyc, diing sai ciia menh de Vi du: "Ngdy 15 nhQng kinh nghiem thyc hanh kinh doanh cua thdng 4, chiing tdi da xep hdng len tdu " ma l?i moi nudc Van hda kinh doanh cdn the hien rit dugc chuyin dich la "Le 10 avril, nous avons ro net qua each thiic cua cac van ban giao dich recu ces marchandises", hoac "chiing ta nhgp thuang mai: chao hang, dat hang, tta ldi thu thiit bi chinh xdc" ma lai chuyin dich chao hang, khilu nai, tta ldi thu khieu nai, each "nous importons des articles d'artisanat" la thilc dam phan, each thilc dat van de cila cac hoan toan sai lech ve thdng tin mieu ta dang van ban neu tten Trong dich thuat chiing ta nen hieu rang Dich thuat la mdt hoat ddng lien ngdn ngQ, nhQng tQ ngQ bieu thi thdng tin thudng lien van hda dugc ggi la thyc tu, cdn nhirng tu bieu hien thdng tin khac nhu thdng tin tinh thai, thong Tuffng duffng dich thuat tin nhin manh thi dugc ggi la hu tu Con Nida, Taber, Nguyen Van Hiep, Nguyen binh dien phin tich eiu tnic ngQ phap cua cau, Hdng Cdn, Dinh Van Due deu cho rang tuomg thi cac nhan hieu (label) phin cau duomg dich thuat la vin de trang tim trayen thdng nhu ehu ngQ, vi ngQ, bo ngii, cila ly thuyet dich va la mdt vin de lam trang ngQ, dinh ngu chinh la cie phan sinh nhieu quan diem khac nhau, thim chi ma ngdn ngQ hgc sii dung de the hien thong hoan toan ttai ngugc Nguyen nhin eila tin mieu ta sy trai ngugc la cac tic gia xuit phat 5.2 Tuffng duffng ve thong tin tinh thai tvr cac each nhin nhan khac ve ban chit cua ngdn ngu, ban chat cua dich thuat va ap Khai niem tinh thai la mdt nhQng khai dung cac ly thuyet ngdn ngQ hgc khac niem phure tap nhit eiia ngdn ngQ hgc hien vao nghien ciiu dich thuat Nida va Taber de dai V.Z.Panfilov da tvmg nhan xet "khong co xuit khai niem "tuang duang dpng", nhan phgm trii ndo md bdn chdt ngdn ngu: hgc va manh den tam quan trgng tuong duong ve thdnh phdn cdc y nghia bp phdn lgi gdy chile nang, bieu hien tie dgng ciia van ban nhieu y kien khde biet vd ddi lap nhu dich va van ban gde phai nhu Theo phgm tru tinh Ihdi" Ch Bally la ngudi dau Nida va Taber, tviy theo ddi tugng tilp nhin tien phin biet ttong ciu tnic nghTa cvia phat ban dich ma chiing ta cd cac van ban dich ngdn cd hai phin co ban tuong iing la khac Md hinh tilp tuc dugc phat modus (bd phin tinh thai) va dictum (ngon trien bdi Bakhudavov va Koler Cac tac gia lieu) Theo dng, ndi dung ngQ nghTa cua da phat trien hoan thien cai ggi la md hinh ciu, cin thiet phii phin biet hai ylu td khac 102 Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI Stf 78 (12/2015) GIAODUCVAOAOTAO 5.3 Tuomg duffng vi thong tin chu de la dictum va modus Dictum la ndi dvmg bieu hien lam cdt loi ngQ nghia cua ciu Trong nhQng nam gin diy, rit nhieu nha mieu ta mdt sy tinh nao dd ctia thl gidi, cdn ngdn ngQ hgc tten the gidi da ban ve thdng tin modus la nhumg thai do, la each danh gia khac chu de Cac nha ngdn ngQ hgc da cd nhiing cua ngudi ndi doi vdi ndi dung dugc thai do, dinh gia khac ddi vdi vai trd ciia bieu hien ciing hu mdi quan he giQa ngi dung thdng tin nay: cd tac gia xep thdng tin la ay vdi hien thye cich nhin nhin cua chii thdng tin thude ve ldi ndi va nd gan lien vdi the phat ngdn rang dd la cai mong mudn hay ngQ canh su dung Cau tnic De - Thuyet, hay khong mong mudn, dd la cai hien thyc hay phi eiu tnic thdng diep ctia ciu Chiing ta quan sat hien thyc, gan vdi muc dich phat ngdn nao vi du sau: va ong cho rang diy mdi la "linh hon cua cdu" - Ong dy khong hut thuoc (cdu 1) Fillmore ttong "Ngirphdp cdch", xuit phat tii - Thuoc, ong dy khdng hut (edu 2) viec nghien ciiu cau tnic cau ciing chia ciu hai phin Menh de P va tinh Ihdi M Quan niem Ciu va ciu duge coi la ddng nhit ve cua dng ve ciu tnic ngQ nghTa ciia ciu S gdm thdng tin mieu ta va thdng tin tinh thai, nhung khung tinh thai cdng vdi ldi menh de phan anh hoan toan khac ve thdng tin chu de: Ciu mpt ngi dung su tinh nao dd Cdng thuc ndi ve "dng iy" (de), cdn ciu ndi ve "thude" \kS = M+P N.Chomsky, dai dien tieu bieu (de) Ciu tnic De-Thuyet ciia cau cd lien quan cua ngQ phap tao sinh, chia ciu da dung chat che den td chiic cua dien ngdn Trit ty tu cap thuat ngQ Tinh thdi va Hgt nhdn Ong cho caufrongnhiing trudng hgp va kha nang rang diy la hai yeu td can yeu, quan ttgng tao cho phep cd the thay ddi va sy thay ddi dd phu ciu co sd - la don vi thugc ciu tnic be sau, thude vao y dd trayen dat thdng tin ve chu de ton tai ttong tu ngudi mdt cich triu cua ngudi phat ngdn tugng Ciu tnic be sau chuyen ciu tnic 5.4 Tuffng duemg vi phong cdch hay gid be mat (nhiing phat ngdn cu the), ciu co sd phai ttai qua nhQng phep cai bien nhit dinh tri tham my cua vdn ban Trong dich thuat chiing ta nen chii y mdt van de lien quan den tuong duong ve phong each hay gia tri thim my cila van ban Chiing Mgt sd nha ngdn ngu hgc Viet Nam nhu ta thudng thiy ed trudng hgp hai ciu tnic 06 HQu Chau, Hoang Tue, Cao Xuin Hao, gidng ve nghTa bieu hien, song phong Nguyen Van Hiep da nhdm khai niem tinh thai each la khac nhau: trang trgng, lich sy hay theo cac nhdm: cac y nghTa the hien muc dich khdng frang trgng, binh thudng Viec quylt phat ngdn, cac y nghTa khac the hien sy dinh chgn cac tuomg duong phy thude vao tri danh gia, thai lap tradng, y nghia thuge ddi thiic va tryc giic cila ngudi dich Chit lugng lap khang dinh va phu dinh ddi vdi sy tdn tai cita ban dich phu thugc vao muc hilu bilt cua sy tinh, nhung dac trung lien quan din sy thiu dio ciia thdng diep, vao kha nang nam tinh (thdi, thl hay cac y nghTa dugc thl hien vQng ngdn ngQ gde va ngdn ngQ dich, phu bing vi tir tinh thai ) thugc vao kha nang hieu bilt vl ddi tugng, vl Trong dich thuat, chiing ta cin Ivm y dl ban muc dich, ve tinh hudng giao tiep, sy thdng dich cd tuong duong ve thdng tin tinh thai so thao ve kien thiic van hda xa hdi vdi ban goc Dich thuat la mdt hoat ddng chuyin ma Quan diem cila dng la mdt co sd khoa hgc rat can thiet cho ly thuylt dich Sft'-re n 7/701^1 GIAODUCVAOAOTAO ngdn ngQ, la mdt boat ddng giao tilp lien ngdn ngQ va lien van hda Cic ylu td ngdn ngu va ngoai ngdn ngQ anh hudng nhat dinh den qua trinh va ehit lugng ban dich Ngdn ngQ hgc chile nang va ngdn ngu hgc ciu triic da ddng gdp rit nhilu tyu vao hoat ddng dich ma chiing ta khdng the phil nhin dugc Tuomg duong dich thuat la mdt hien tugng cd thyc Trong thao tie chuyen dich cic van ban kinh te thuong mai tu tieng Phap sang tilng Viet ciing nhu cie van ban kinh te thuong mai tu tilng Viet tieng Phap, xem xet dudi goc dp ngdn ngu hgc, cic ttrong duong ndi tren can phai dugc chuyen dich cang nhieu cang tdt de cd the dua mgt dich pham tin, dat, nha cd chat lugng Cac kho khan viec giang day dich 6.1 Vi sinh vien Nhu chiing tdi da trinh bay d tren, trinh sinh vien khdng ddng deu ve ngdn ngQ, ma giang day Dich cd chat lugng chi sinh vien da hoan toan thdng thao dugc Phin ngdn ngu CO sd Nhieu nam giang day mdn dich d Khoa cho chiing tdi thay mdt thyc tl "khong lin duac dii la su that" Thye t l la sinh vien ciia chiing ta khdng hieu tilng Viet Sinh vien hieu ngdn tu rit khac va sai Sinh vien hieu dien ngdn tieng Viet sai nen din din viec chuyen dich sang tieng Phap cilng sai "Traduire c'est trahir" (Dich la Phan) cd le diing tradng hgp nganh Vi tit ca cic kiln thiic dlu thl hifn cic van ban kinh t l thuang mai, ttong giao dich ngoai thuong Sinh vien phai nim dugc kiln tbiic nin, tu dd nam dugc nghTa cila tu, cua cum tir Nicolas Boileau da cd cau ndi ndi tieng "ee qui se concoit bien, s 'enonce clairement et les mots pour le dire arrivent aisement" (cdi gi suy nghT mgch lgc, dien dgt dt rd rdng, vd ngon tie tu nhien rdt troi chdy) Sinh vien ehiing ta nhieu viet chua dau vao diu, chua van (ed the tham khao qua cac loai Giiy xin phep eua eac sinh vien gui cho giao vien Cach diln ngdn ttong cac Giay xin phep cua sinh vien cd the eho la tham hga: sinh vien dilng tvr lin ldn, ttinh bay cau, ngat ddng chiing ta deu cd the danh loi) Diln ngdn nhu viy thi dieh phim eung se hi anh hudng nhieu: ndi va viet se rit true trac, viet khdng viet va tay cung chang tay 6.2 Vi gido trinh vd phuong tien gidng dgy Tiep theo eac bai luyen dich cd ndi dung van hda, chinh tri, kinh te, thuang mai cua Viet Nam va the gidi ed ndi dung chung chung, khdng di siu ehiing tdi da tich hpp dugc mdt loat tai lieu giang day cho mdn Dich kinh te thuong mai Mdt tip hgp tai lieu bao gdm cie van ban ve chuyen nganh kinh te ngoai thuomg: xuit nhap khiu, nghien ciiu thi tradng hang hda, tien te-thanh toan, van taibao hiem hang hda, tinh hinh thi trudng hang hda va cac ndi dung giao dich mua ban Kien thuc nen (donnees de base) ngdn ngQ va kien thiic ngoai ngdn ngu (background) cdn thilu nhieu khiln cho sinh vien khdng thl chuyen djch tdt va dung van ban ngudn sang van ban dich Sinh vien nhim lan khdng phan biet dugc giua djch chuyin ma (traduction reflexe hay traduction litterale) vdi djch phin tich (traduction reflechie) Phuang tien giang day d diy la gi ? Chimg tdi mudn cd mdt phdng ehuyen dl day dich ndi va day dich viet Dich ndi va dich viet bao gid cung bd trg cho nhau: sinh vien noi troi chay va viet cQng se thuan lgi hon Kit qua la chiing ta se cd mdt dich phim ehit lugng tit, theo yeu ciu Sinh vien phai cd nhQng kiln thuc hilu biet, CO kien thttc ve cac mdn nghiep vu Giang day dai hgc la day nghi d trinh dp cao Ngoai nhumg yeu ciu vl phim chit noi 104 Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI 6.3 Vi gido vien Stf 78 (12/2015) GIAODUCVAOAOTAO chung nhu ldng yeu nghi, sy tdn ttgng sinh vien giao vien phai vung vang ve ngdn ngQ ca sd va ngdn ngQ chuyen nganh Khdng cd nhimg dieu kien chiing ta khdng the ndi den ket qua cao hgc tap ciia sinh vien dugc Giao vien phai cd cac kien thiic ve ngdn ngu, nghiep vu va phuang phap Giao hgc phap mdn hgc la mdn giiip ehiing ta tiep can mpt each hieu qui nhit de truyen dat kien thuc cho sinh vien vien ludn ludn phai y thuc cho sinh vien hgc djch Tin la phai dich trang vdi ban gde, Dat la diing y vdi ngdn ngQ ngudn, cdn Nha la phii thuin Viet hay thuin Phap Van de phii trinh la dgc bin dich xudi Phap-Viet ngudi Viet lai ndi la ngudi Viet khdng dien dat the va nguge lai dgc ban dich ngugc Viet-Phip ngudi Phap lai lac diu ndi la ngudi Phap khdng ndi nhu the cho tinh hudng nhu viy Chiing ta quan sat vi du sau: Khac vdi nhumg nam trudc, trudng chiing ta CO md he Phien dich kinh te thuang mai, ma chil yeu ttong khda la giing day song song phien dich (dich tiep sau va dich dudi) va bien dich, nhieu nam qua, chiing ta chi day bien dich Phip -Viet va Viet-Phap +"Pas de nouvelles, bonnes nouvelles", chving tdi gidi thieu ciu dich la "Khdng tin tiec chdc duge binh an" Dich xudi Phip-Viet kinh te thuong mai la ren cho sinh vien kT nang dgc hieu, giiip cho sinh vien nam dugc ngtt nghTa cua tu ngu va cau tnic dien ngdn Tren co sd dd giao vien giiip cho sinh vien hieu dugc y cua timg cau, npi dung cvia bai Sau dd dung tieng me de de bieu dat y, ndi dung ay Chiing ta cd the minh hpa Dich xudi cd ba giai doan la Phin tichHieu-Dien dat Day Dich ngugc Viet-Phap kinh te thuong mai gdp phin quan ttgng vao viec ren kT nang dien dat Viet cho sinh vien Cai khd ciia sinh vien chiing ta la nhieu liic khdng hieu dugc dien ngdn tieng Viet Mdt ciu tieng Viet sinh vien hieu theo nhieu each khac Vi vay, sinh vien se dua nhieu each dich khac Tam that ban nen ban dich trd rit xa so vdi ban gde Trong dich ngugc chung ta phai giiip sinh vien bieu dat dugc ngi dung va dam bao dugc tinh ngdn ngu Theo chiing tdi, cung nhu thao tic dich xudi PhapViet, day dich ngugc cung cd ba giai doan Phin tich-Hilu-Dien dat Trong dich xudi ciing nhu dich ngugc, ba nhan to Tin-Dat-Nha la ba nhan td ma giao • -^f^nt c\ +"Dem khuya thin gai dam tradng", ehiing tdi ciing gidi thieu cau dich la "Seule dans la null sur la route sans fin" Hai ciu dich tren se minh hga cho ba khia canh Tin- Dat-Nha chuyen dich PhipViet va Viet-Phap Va "A bon vin, point d'enseigne" dugc chuyen dich "Hieuxg tu nhien huang", hay "Le lion amoureux", ten cua mgt bai tho ngu ngdn Jean de la Fontaine, vdi ndi dung thim tiiy, dugc Til Md dich la "Su tie me gaf; rdi Tuan Dd dich "Comedie humaine" la "Tdn trd daf' thi qua day la cae vi du miu myc ve dich thuat tin, dat, nha De xuat cai thieii giang day mon dich ff Khoa • Giao vien giang day mdn Dich cdn thieu nhieu d Khoa iChoa nen cd ke hoach de xuit vdi Nha tradng cho giio vien theo hgc cac khda dao tao ve phien, bien dich nudc hoac d ngoai nudc de cd the dap iing nhu ciu dao tao mdn hgc cang cip bach Giao vien giang day mdn dich, cho du la djch xudi hay dich ngugc can phai nim chic tieng Phap va tieng Viet Giao vien phai cd thdi quen cap nhat hang eac thuat ngQ mdi tieng Viet cung nhu tilng Phap dk tranh bi ddng tten ldp hudng din day dich cho sinh vien Giao vien cd thdi quen hang tao cae GIAODUCVAOAOTAO ngan keo ngdn ngQ "tiroir linguistique" ed san de svr dung giang day Khoa cd kl hoach xin phep Nha tiirdng de dugc cip kinh phi trang bi cho mdt phdng hge dao tao phien dich Tuy ring chiing ta khdng cd nhiem vu phai dao tao phien, bien dieh nhu cac nam trade diy song trang thiet bi phue vu cho viec dao tao phien dich giiip eho sinh vien kha nang diln dat ndi tdt horn ben canh kha nang diln dat viet Trinh ty len ldp mgt bai dich nhu the nao? Sau day la cham pha mgt vi du tham khio: fr, lenouveleconomiste.fr, lemonade.fr, lefigaro fr Sinh vien tilp xiie vdi van ban gde se giiip cho sinh vien nhanh chdng ning eao trinh dp su dung ngdn ngQ eua minh • Cae nguon tai lieu phue vu giang day Dich nguge: cic van bin kinh te lay d cac bao chi, tap chi kinh tl thuang mai Viet nam "Tgp chi Kinh ti ddi ngogi' cua Tradng DH Ngoai thucmg cQng la mdt ngudn tai lieu hay, hip dan day Dieh ngugc Ket luan Dich thuat la mdt mdn hgc rat can cho sinh Giao vien sau cho sinh vien dge toan vien ciia Tradmg DH Ngoai thuong ehiing ta bai, xac dinh the loai bai, van phong tac gia Cac cu nhin tuong lai san phim cila chiing diing la loai van phong nao: trin thuat hay ty ta khdng the gidi nghiep vu ma khdng the canh, binh luin hay nghi luin de xac dinh khdng thdng thao ngoai ngQ Dich thuat giiip cho viec dimg van phong d ngdn ngQ den cho sinh vien sau tradng cd the chu (langue d'arrivee) ddng edng viec hang Vdi kien Sinh vien phai thao luin de hieu cau d ngdn thuc trang bi nhQng frong tradng, ngQ ngudn (langue de depart) cin phii chuyen sinh vien se ty ehu dge lip tieh eyefrongviec dich de tranh hieu sai khac y ctia tac gia ty hgc sudt ddi cua minh Giio vien chung ta Sinh vien dich viet tren bang va cic sinh chi dua cic thao tic va cac ky nang nen ap vien khac cung thyc hien thao tie dich tren dung lam cdng tic dieh thuat Chiing toi giay Ca ldp tham gia gdp y ve cac mat; sil thiet nghT, day la cich trao ddi frang bi cho dung tu, ciu tnic cau, dien ngdn cua bai dieh sinh vien nhieu nhit cila sinh vien tren bang Sinh vien vdi bai Chiing tdi cung rit mong cd dip khac de ttao djch cua minh cd the ddng gdp cho phin thao luin cai nen va khdng nen bai dich cila ddi them nhQng y kien ve ndi dung phuang sinh vien khac Giao vien nit vl vai ttd hudng phip, cic budc len ldp cu the mdt bai Dich din va trgng tai cho cic de xuat Thao tac xudi, mdt bai Dich nguge kinh te thuong mai, chiing toi da va dang ip dung cho cae sinh vien rdi CO ciu bd cue giao trinh nhu the nao doi d cac Khda 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, vdi timg loai hinh dao tao Kinh tl ddi ngoai, 51 d ca hai chuyen nganh Kinh tl ddi ngoai vi Tieng Phip thuang mai cd sy tham gia cua Tilng Phap thuong mai Qua khao sat va tham giao vien Khoa Tieng Phap dd, sinh vien danh gia cao thao tic su pham Tan man tten day la nhQng dilu tic gia giang day dich va y kien phan hdi la rat muon chia se rieng ve bien dich (traduction) tich cyc, sinh vien tham gia nhiet tinh vao bai Dich lai cd hai hinh thtic: bien dich va giang, hgc dugc nhieu va nim dugc thao tac phien dich (interpretation) Phien dich ciing chuyin dich va nghe thuat dich cd hai dang: dich dudi (simultanee) va dich • Cac ngudn tai lieu phuc vu giang day Dieh tilp sau (consecutive) Cac khiu, nghe hilu, xuoi: cac van ban kinh tl thuomg mai cap nhat ghi chep (prise de notes), diln dat lai ttong tten cac bao glc cua Phap Vi du: lexpansion Phien dich lai ca la mdt vin dl khoa hoe khac 100 Tap chi KINH TE DOI NGOAI Stf 78 (12/2015) GlAO DUC VA DAO TAO Tie gia cung rit mong mudn cd dip dl ttao dli, trinh bay vdi cac dong nghiep siu horn vl Phien dich, dac biet vl cac thao tic day phien dich tten ldp cho sinh vien, vdi tim nguyen siu sic dugc gdp phin nhd be giao hgc phap eila minh vao viee ning eao ehit lugng dao tao Phien bien dich d eae Khoa Ngoai ngu Tradng • Tai lieu tham khao Nghi quyet 29-NQTW, Ddi mdi can bin, toan dien giio due va dio tao, dip iing yeu ciu cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa dieu kien Mnh te thi truang dinh huang xd hpi chii nghia vd hpi nhgp quoc te Georges Mounin, Les problemes theoriq ues de la traduction, Tel Gallimard Ferdinand de Saussure, 1973, Gido trinh ngPn ngic hoc dgi cuang, Nxb KHXH Ha ndi Fillmore Ch.J., 1983, Cdi mdi ngdn ngU hoc a nudc ngodi, Nxb Tien bd John Lyons, NgU nghfa hoc ddn ludn, Nxb Giao due (ban dich ciia GS.TS Nguyen Van Hiep) O.Girault et D.Nony, 1989, Situations et Techniques commerciales, Foucher Hatier Paris Dinh Trgng Lac, 1974, Phong each vdn bdn, Nxb Giao due Nguyen Hdng Cdn, Mpt sd vdn de ngdn ngic hgc cita dich thudt Dinh Van Due, Ve mpt cdch hieuy nghta tie logi tieng Viet, Ngdn ngQ, Ha ndi 10 Nguyen Van Hiep, Khdi niem tinh thai ngdn ngic hgc 11 Ha Van Rien, 2014, Tien tdi mpt tap hop gido trinh gidng dgy tieng Phdp mang sdc thdi rieng cita Khoa Tieng Phdp DH Ngogi thucmg, Ky yeu Hdi thao Khoa hgc Khoa Tieng Phap, thing nam 2014 12 Dinh Ngge Lam 2014, Cdi tien viec dgy vd hgc ngogi ngir tren quan diem phdt trien ndng lue nguai hgc Ky yeu Hdi thao Khoa hgc Khoa Tieng Phap, thing nam 2014 13 Alain Lempereur, L'argumentation, Colloque de Cerisy, Mardaga 14 Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni, La connotation Presses Universitaires de Lyon France 15 Armand Colin, Catherine Kerbrat Orecchioni, I'Enoncialion de la subjeelivite dans le langage 16 Durieux Ch., Fondement didactique de la traduction technique, Didier, Hatier 17 Claude Bedat, 1986, La traduction technique: Principe el Pratique Linguatech 18 Sophie Moirand, 1979, Situation d'Ecrit, Cle intemational 19 Sleseovieh Ti., L'lnterprete de conference, ESIT, Paris 20 Jean Delisle, 1980, L'Analyse du discours comme methode de traduction, Universite d'Ottawa 21 Jean Michel Adam, 1991, Elements linguistique textuelle, Mardaga 22 Chomsky N., 1997, Refexions sur le langage, Flammarion, Paris ... cd ndi dung van hda, chinh tri, kinh te, thuang mai cua Viet Nam va the gidi ed ndi dung chung chung, khdng di siu ehiing tdi da tich hpp dugc mdt loat tai lieu giang day cho mdn Dich kinh te... timg cau, npi dung cvia bai Sau dd dung tieng me de de bieu dat y, ndi dung ay Chiing ta cd the minh hpa Dich xudi cd ba giai doan la Phin tichHieu-Dien dat Day Dich ngugc Viet-Phap kinh te thuong... eao trinh dp su dung ngdn ngQ eua minh • Cae nguon tai lieu phue vu giang day Dich nguge: cic van bin kinh te lay d cac bao chi, tap chi kinh tl thuang mai Viet nam "Tgp chi Kinh ti ddi ngogi''