I g p cfai so 17, thing 4 2016, trudng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859 4611 111 Jl T i r Q U A N N I E M VE NGlTOl D Q C T R O N G L Y T H U Y E T TIEP N H A N DEN VTEC X A C J " " ^ VAI T R O C i l A H[.]
I g p cfai so 17, thing 4-2016, trudng Dai hoc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 111 Jl T i r Q U A N N I E M V E NGlTOl D Q C T R O N G L Y T H U Y E T T I E P N H A N D E N VTEC X A C J " " ^ VAI T R O C i l A H p c S I N H T R O N G D A Y H O C V A N TRUCfNG % ,, PHO TIIONG Thai Thi Hoai An' Ngay nhan bai: 25/02/2016; Ngay phan bien thdng qna: 14/3/2016; Ngay duyet dang: 21/3/2016 TOM TAT Ly thttyet tidp nhan vdi viec nhdn manh ddn vai trd cua ddc gia da tac ddng khdng chi Ifnh I L " o h ' ° " , T ™? '\ " ° : ; ' ™ ^ " * " "'>" ^'" ^'" * ""^° PM th6ng hien nav Sd dung ph'uong phap phan feh ^ tong hop ket hop vdi phuong phap so sanh ddi chidu, bai bao lan, r o5 ssir tac " *='^ tidng cua^ ly thuyet tiep nhjn ddn viec xac lap vai trd cda hoc s,„h day hoc Van d trudng p3hd h i thdng t h d n tren r ^ n ca " ba khau la thay dot ten goi eua phan mdn, xac dmh n i - = - - - - J • • • u ™ , uen c hpc cua giao vien ' ' ' " " ' "^ ° " - ' ' ' ' ' " ' '^'^ ' ' ° ' ''^ ' ^ ' '"^^^ Pbuong phap day Tu khda: ly ihuyil nip nhdn hoc sinh tnrdng phd thdng vat iro inmg lam M DAU Bude vao nhiing nam 60 ciia t h l ky XX, ly thuyet tiep nhan biing nd d cac nudc ehau Au va trd mpt ly thuyat duoc danh gia cao gidi hpc Ihuat Tu nhung nghien cuu ly thuyet ciia cac nha lap thuyit Iy Iuan tiip nhan van hgc vai Ird ciia ngudi dpc dugc nhan manh va ngudi dgc cung nhu sir tiep nhan ciia ngudi dpe, trd rapt phan eua ly thuyit van hoc Khdng nhirng vay, Iy thuyet tiip nhan vdi viec nhin manh din vai trd ciia ngudi doc cung da anh hudng sau sic tdi quan nipm ve vi tri cua ngudi hpe tiep nhan tac phdm van hoc d trudng thdng NOI DUNG VA PrnTONG PHAP NGHIEN Ciru 2.1 Ngi dung nghien ciru Tren co sd quan mem ve ngudi dgc Iy thuyet tiep nhan, phan tieh su anh hudng eua quan niem ngudi dpc Iy thuyit tiip nhan tdi quan niem ve vai tro ciia hpe sinh day hgc Van d trudng phd thdng, Cu xhk la: _ - Khai quat quan niem cua ly thuyet tiip nhan ve vai trd cua ngudi dgc qua sir sang tao eiia nha van, tmng van ban va qua trinh' tiip nhan thuc te ciia ddc gia Tir quan niem ve ngudi dpc ly thuyit tiip nhan phan tich su anh hudng ly thuyit tiip nhan den cac yeu id ten gpi ciia phan mdn Van, nguyen tac day hpc Van va su lua chpn phuang phap day hpc Van Irong Irudng Phd thdng d i dam bao vi tri trung tam cua ngudi tiep nh^n - ngudi hpe 2.2 Phucmg phdp nghien ciru - Phuang phap phan tieh - tdng hpp: Phan tich quan niem ve ngudi dpc ly ihuyit tiip nhan tir dd chi su tac dpng ciia quan niem ddi vdi quan mem ve vai trd ciia hoc sinh day hpc Van d trudng phd lhdng _ - Phuong phap so sanh - ddi chiiu: So sanh ddi ehieu giira nhirng quan niem khae ve gid day hgc Van d tnrdng phd lhdng d i tir dd danh gia dling ve su ddi mdi quan niem ve vai trd ciia hpc sinh day hpc Van K E T LUAN VA T H A O LUAN 3.1 Quan niem vi ngudi dgc qua ly thuyit tiip nhdn Trong ly thuyet tiep nhan ngudi dpc va su tiip nhan eua ngudi doc duoc dat vao vj Iri trung lam Vai tro ciia ngudi dgc duge thi hien d e a ba khau: sang tac, van ban va Irong ddi sdng thuc ti 3.1.} Trong qua trinh sdng lao Trudc dat biit viit, nha van da hinh dung ngudi dpc cua minh va vi vay hp ludn hudng ldi mdt kieu ngudi dpc li ludng nao dd eho tac pham W.lser Irong cdng trinh "Kit ciu vSy gpi"' phal hien kieu "ngudt doc tiim dn'\ kiiu ngudi dgc du kien eua tae gia d i thdng qua dd nha van du kien y nghTa tiim tang ciia tae phim Kiiu ngudi dgc ton tai thi gidi Iinh ih^n cOa nha van, ed mat qua trinh sang tao ciia ngudi nghe sT va tiem an cau tnic ciia van ban La ngudi dpc qua sy hinh dung trudc ciia nha van, ngudi doc tiem an phan anh nhu ciu, udc mong ciia nha van ve dpc gia thuc lien Nhu vay y thuc ve ngudj dpe xuit hien y cua tac gia va mdi nha van tiiy theo y dd ciia minh hudng \ e mdt dpc gia li tudng ciia hp Cd thi ndi vdi quan niem ve ngudi doc tiim an, ly thuyit tiip nh5n hien h;^„ dai A^- cA^ i^hing dinh vai ud chi phdi ciia nhan "§"'°'' ^^"^ ^°^ ™ ' ^"3 finh sang tao ciia nha v I Tir gdc van ban I ThS Khoa Sit Pham irudng Dai hoc Tdy Nguy^en Tdc gta li,n he Thai Th Hoai An: OT 090586,-975 Entad ihatandhnragmatl com 87 Tap chi 50 17 thang 4-2016 trudng Dai hpc TayNguyen I.SSN 1859-4611 Mdi van ban \aii hpc khdng phai la mpt cdng lac phdm hodn chmh vd dua tdc phdm vdo quy Irinh khep kin da hoan tat R.lngarden cho rang dao cua nen vdn hgc Nghien eim sir liep nh^n cho "inoi tdc phdm vdn hoc diu dang da muon dot thay bang kha nang ciia minh ngudi dpc tao sinh hoi sir bo sung md khdng bao gtd dat lai gidi ban J nghTa ciia van ban, nga> ca ban than nha van cudi ciing bdng vdn ban " [2.43] Su da nghia va khdng tir y thirc ve y nghTa cua van ban U.Eco su chua hoan tat chua trgn ven ciia tac pham van Irong phan phu lue giai thieh "Ten sach va y nghTa" hpc xual phal lu hai phuong dien: chat lieu eiia ciia cudn tieu thuyit "Ten cua dda hong" nhin van hpc va ket cau ciia lac pham Tir hai yeu to manh' "Khong dieu gi Idm lac gta mgt cudn sdch nay, van ban tiem an kha nang da ddi hdi phdn chdn hem kin biet cd nhimg cdch diin djch ngudi dpc phai lap day nhirng khoang trdng chinii minh khong hi nghi tdi dirge dgc gia ggi y van ban H.R.Jauss quan niem "Tdcphdm vdn hoc Phdn ldn cdc cdch dien dich dem dnh sdng khong phat la mot vdt ton tgi chinh nd ludn ninmg ttrang quan ngu nghia md chinh lac gid trao cimg mdt canh ttrcmg cho idi ca nhtnig nhin viel khdng he iigliT den " va vi vay "Vdn bdn da ngdm nd, cUng khong phat Id lirong ddi ky mini hodn tdt vd ttr no sinh nhihig tirong quan ngir cdng bo tinh chdl phi thdi gtan hinh thtrc nghia mat cug no Cd le lac gia nen gia tir duong dgc ihoai cua no Toi vi no v&i bang long co the viet xong De khdi can trd hanh trinh eiia the dua nhimg lieng vgng mdt me chung gicii van ban" [3, 552-553], Nhu vay cd thi ndi, y nghTa phong vdn bun khoi chdl Iteu cua ni ngir dua van ban phu thupc vao kha nang dien djch ciia dpc nd den vai ddt sdng hien tgi" [4, 86] Quan he gia, vay dieu hien nhien la "cdi "tirdien bdch luong tac qua lai giira van ban va ngudi dpe vi khoa" ciia ngudi dgc ldn chtrng ndo thi kha the vay trd mol quan he ddi thoai d dd ngudi cita sir dten djch se phong phii chimg dy"[\, 233] dpc ciia nhieu the he bd sung vao nhung gam mau - Ngtt&i dgc cdn la "ndng hrgng igg hch mdi cho tae pham, lam eho nd sdng qua nhiing str" vi mdi su that don gian la "sir tdn tat hch su thai dai lich su khae vdi nhieu ting y nghTa cua tdc phdm vdn hoc khdng the cd dtrgc niu thiiu khac str tham gia tich circ cua ngiroi dgc " Titc gia ciia 3.1.3 Vat trd cua ngtrdi doc ihi/c le cdng trinh "Lieh su van hoc nhu la sir khieu khich ddi vdi khoa hgc van hoc" lu^n giai ngudi dgc Nhu vay tren ca hai phuong dien tao lac va tac bang su chuyen tiep tac pham qua nhiiu the he dua pham, ngudi dpc hien hien vdi vai tro trung tam "tdc phdm mat thdm nhdp du(,rc vdo ddng chay Tren ihuc tc, vai ird edn the hien mdt each ro hen Ittc phia sau thuoc vi kinh nghiim dang thay ret Ngudi dpc ticm an Irong phat hicn eua W.lser ddi, noi md sir tiip nhgn don gidn thu ddng tra la ngudi doc y nghT ctia nha van d qua trinh thdnh su ttep nhcm cd phe phdn, chu dpng nhung sang tao nhung ngudi dpc ihuc ti mdi ehinh la chudn muc fham mi dd dtroc cong nhgn tro thdnh ngudi doc cd the phat hien nhiing diiu ma nha van tdc phdm mdt mdi hon " [4, 84] giri gam tac pham ciia minh Nha van vi vay khdng chi "nghr' den mgl cdng chimg li tudng d i Nhan thuc ve vai trd ciia ngudi dgc ddi dmh Inrdng sang tac ma cdn mong muon tim dugc sdng van hpe lam thay ddi quan niem v i nghien nhung dpc gia li tudng de cd the hiiu thiu nhirng cuu ljch su van hpe Trong trudng phd thdng, vi?c suy tudng ciia minh duoc chuyen lai qua lae phim van dung quan nicm ciia ly thuyit liip nhan in diu nhu kieu Nguyen Du ban khoan trirdc cai le "Bdt tri quan niem ve ngudi dgc - hgc sinh lam bdch du niin hdu/ Thten hg hd nhdn khdp T6 3.2 Quan niem vi vai tro cua hgc sinh gid Miu" Vai trd ciia ddc gia the hien d nhirng diim' clay hgc Vein trudng phd thong - Doc gui Id nguai quyil dmh thir bgc, gid tri Trong trudng phd lhdng, hgc sinh, ngudi dpe cua lac pluim van hoc: Gia Iri eua tac phim phu Ihuc te ciia van hoc theo lmh thin eua ly thuyei Ihudc vao ngudi dpe nd phu thude vao thai dp tiep nhan eiing se trd chii the trung tam ciia don nhan hay khdng ddn nhan khen ngpi hay ehe gid day hoc, ehii the ciia qua Innh tiip nh^n vSn bai dang gia cao hay thap Ban v i ham y lich hge Irong nha Irtrdng Quan niem ddi mdi dd dupc su quan he gifra lae pham va ngudi dpc ghi dau vice thay ddi ten gpi eua mon H R Jauss khang dmh "Hdm V hch su the hien qua hpc van hpc nha irudng vice xae djnh vice dn Itrgng cua ngtrdi doc ddu lien dirge liip nguyen lac eung nhu lua chpn phuong phap ciia noi nhu Id ildy vich liep nhgn lir ihi he qua giao vien flic lie khde nd cd the phong phu len thdm chi co 3,2 I vi lin goi cuu phdn mdn nlumg n mrng hap no ddnh gtd tn ihdm mi vdy Trudc day, mdn Van hpe nha trutTug dugc nghia hch \u cua mot lac phdm " [A 85] goi la mdn Giang van Ten ggi phan anh kiiu - Sir gtai mu ctia ngir&i doc hiin vdn ban ihdnh Tap eh i sd 17 thang 4-2016 trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguv en td chirc dav hpe cd tinh dac thii dd vai trd ciia thay la chu dao Hoat dpng ehii yeu gid day hpc la giao vien cat nghia, giang giai tac pham (cai hay eai dep), hoc sinh nghe, tiip thu ghi chep Nha giao Phan Trpng Luan quan niem "Gidng vdn cdn diroc htiu Id cdng viec ciia ngirdi gido viin phdn lich phdt hiin cdi hay cdi dep vi noi dtmg vd hinh thin: ciia mdt bdi vdn de dem gidng day tren Idp cho hgc sinh bdng nhung phuang phdp sir phgm thieh hgp nhdm dgt hiiu qud cao nhdt vi cd hai mdt hieu biit, gido due ren luyen theo yiu cdu dd diroc quy dinh" [5 7] Sau dd tir sau 1980, vdi quan niem mdi ve day hpc van, ten ggi phan mdn thay ddi tir giang van sang Day hoc tac pham van chucmg Ten gpi nhu vay cho thay cac nha giao due da quan tam den tinh chat ciia gid day hgc ed hoat dpng tac ddng hai ehieu giira thiy va trd "Thtrc chdl phdn lich tdc phdm vdn chtrong nhd irudng la ngudi gtdo viin tren ca so kinh nghiem cua bdn than td chiec mol cdch khoa hoc vd nghi thtidt cho hgc smh cam thu, phdn tich bai vdn mol cdch sang lao"' [6, 5] Sau nam 1986 quan niem ve day hpc da bat dau nghieng ve hudng coi Irong sy lu chil eiia hpc sinh irong qua Irinh chiim ITnh lac pham Nha giao Pham Toan nhin manh "Day vdn cho hoc smh thdng Id clay hoc sinh giai md tdc phdm nghe ihudl vd chiim linh rung dgng nghe thudt ihong qua nhung hoat dong hoc van ciia hgc stnh " (Pham Toan - 1988) Tu sau nam 2000, vdi viec ddi mdi da> hoc Van, ten gpi eiia phan mon duoc xac djnh la "Dpc van" hay '"Day hoc dpe - hieu van ban" Khai niem "dpe van", "dpc - hieu van ban" cho thay su tac ddng rat rd ciia ly thuyet tiip nhan van hoc trudng phd thong Khai mem van ban duoc thay the bang khai niem lac pham Van ban la pham sang tao eiia nha van duoc cd dinh hda bing mpt he lhdng ki hieu mang tinh vat chit Tac phim la su cu the hda ciia van ban qua ngudi doc, Nhu v^y tac pham chi ldn tai ed ngudi doc nd giai ma va nhan thuc ve nd thdng qua cae cip dd dgc ciia minh Hpc sinh ngudi dpc trung tam Irong gid dav hpc van chinh la kicu ngudi doc thyc t i dd Thai dd vdi ngudi dpc thay ddi keo theo sy thay ddi quan mem day hpc Hpe smh ea chi day hoc mdi trd ehii thi ciia gid day hpc d vi tri trung tam Hoat ddng chu yiu khdng phai la nghe ghi chep va ghi nhd ma true liip tham gia vao qua n-inh daj hoc^ tu phal hien chiem ITnh tri Ihirc dudi su hudng dan td chuc ciia eiao vien 2.2 Thav dch iigu\-en tdc dav hoc vd ca che dav hgc Quan niem d.^y hoc se keo theo ca su tha> ddi nhimg ngu\en lac day hoc ciing nhu co chl dav 89 ISSN 1859-4611 hoc nham xac lap \ trd ciia ngudi hgc \ di tu each la mdt chu the trung tam cua qua trinh da> hpc Ve mat nguven tac can phai chii Irong vai trd hgc sinh kham pha \ nghTa tac phim Tac pham cd tiem nang \ nghTa to Idn, y nghTa dd chi bdc Id cd hoat dpng dpc ciia ngudi dgc Khi hudng dan hoc sinh tu kham pha y nghTa ciia van ban la giao vien hoan loan tin cay vao kha nang ciia hpe sinh viec kham pha y nghTa phong phil dd ciia lac pham Viec dd cd nhiiu y nghTa gnip md rpng mdi trudng sdng cho tac phim, giiip lac pham phat xa nhieu y nghTa mdi mc Nhung dieu quan trpng hon la ,vay dung thdi quen hoc tap chu dpng cho hpc sinh, giiip eho hpc sinh ren luyen nang lye ty hgc tu sang tao ehir khdng thy ddng chel cirng Ben canh dd viec giao phd sy tiep nhan sang tao nghe thuat cho hoc sinh eiing giiip giao vien nhin nhan dupc nhung diem cdn non ndt ciia hpc sinh de ed hudng diiu chinh Ve phuong dien co che dat hpc sinh vao vi tri trung tam ciia gid day hpe, nghTa la ciJng da thay ddi il nhieu vi tri cua ngirdi giao vien ciing nhu quan niem ve npi dung mdn hoc Giao vien Irong gid day hpe van la ngirdi Id chirc eac hoat ddng doc van ciia hoc sinh, vi vay vai trd ciia giao vien chinh la ngudi cd van, lai cho hoc sinh qua Irinh day hgc La ngudi ed vin, giao vien giilp hpe sinh ty nhan nhirng ky nang chiim ITnh tri thuc van hgc, nhan thuc nhu ciu cua ban than day hoc van Quan hon la giao vien de xual nhirng phuong an chicm ITnh lac pham va tham muu eho hpc sinh lua chon cae phuong an ldi uu Ben canh dd cd the cung cap nguon tai lieu, tao dicu kien cho hoc sinh the hien kha nang cua minh Trudc nhirng non not ciia hgc sinh giao vien goi y nhiing kien giai nhirng hudng giai quyit hpp li cho nhimg nhan dinh cdn sai lac ciia hpc sinh Tuy nhien, cd the thay chuyen trung tam ciia gid day hpc sang hoe smh, giao vien khdng ehi la co van Irpng lai ma cdn phai tham gia vao tiit hoe vdl tu each la ngudi tham du vdi diy dii nhung rung ddng nhu lan dau vdi lac pham, Vdi ndi dung bai hgc quan niem ve linh dpng cua van ban cho phep sutham dusang tao cua ngudi d o c - h o c smh qua trinh da; hoc 3.2 Thay dot vi phmmg phdp Vdi lu each la ngudi tdchue, giao vien \ac dinh phuong phap phii hop nham phal huy vai trd chu Ihe cua hpc smh Khdng lir ehdi nhirng phuong phap truyen thong nhu binh giang Ihuyet trinh nhung \ iec su dung chiing han che va phii hop Su dung nhieu phuong phap cd hieu qua tot hon doi vdl hpc smh theo hudng goi mo (phuong phap gai iim) hoac chu ddng sang tao (phuang phap thao Tap chi sd 17 thang 4-2016 trudng Dai hgc Tay Nguyen ISSN 1859-4611 ! l " phat ru^'"u;,!'^Ti5!?u';.T„l"l!::' 5° "^" ^^^ ^'^' ""^ ^^ ^^^ '^P ^^'''° ^rung tam cua hpc sinh mdi huy duoc tinh than ty hpc, sang tao cua ^rong day hpc Van Sy tae dpng tren nhieu phuong hoc sinh ddng thd, ciing dap ung tmh thdn mdi eua dienTtut'en gpi, nguydn tic, co chd cho tdi phnong day hoc van va cua ly thuyet tiep nhan van hoc phap Tidp thu tinh thjn cda ly thuydt tidp nhan tta Ddi moi day hoc, dac biet la day hoc Van ntang lai su thay ddi co ban nhan thijc vd vai trudng phd thdng la nhu cau tit yeu cua mdt xa ^^o hoc sinh ttong day hoc Van d trudng phd thdng hdi hien dai Trong tien trinh ddi mdi day hoc, cd cung nhu ddi thay hong phucmg phap day hoc Van the thiy su tac dong cua ly thuydt tidp nhan ddi cr trudng phd thdng hien APPROACH FRO.M THE CONCEPT ON READERS IN RECEPTION THEORY TO THE DETERMINATION OF STUDENTS' ROLES IN TEACHING LITERARY AT HIGH SCHOOLS Thai Thi Hoai An' Received Date- 25/02/2016, Revised Date: 14/3/2016; Accepted for Publication: 21/3/2016 SUMMARY Currently the reception theoiy that emphasizes the role of readers not only affects in the field of l.tera,y sUid.es, but m hterary teaching at high school Using the analysis - summaty method combined T "Z'^T'"' """^°'^- "" " " ' ' ' ' ''"" dramatically clarified the impact ofthe reception theoty to the establishment ofthe role of students in teaching Literatute at high school across three stages that are change ofthe name ofthe assigned subject, determination ofthe teaching principles and choice of teaching methods of teachers Keywords- Recephon ihcory slvdems h,gh school, cerdralrole TAI LIEU THAM KHAO " ' M t e ^ H a t - ' M V p ' ^ ™ t " ""l" ' " ' " ' " " ' " ' • '"'" '"" *