TAPCHIKHOAHQCSO 13*2016 TIM HIEU G U I PHAP KET HQl* CUA TCP RENO VA VEGAS VOfI GIAO THirc DINH TUYEN ZRP TREN MANG MANET Vo Thanh Tu* Le Thi Bich Phiromg** Tom tat Su kit hgp giira giao thuc dieu khi[.]
TAPCHIKHOAHQCSO 13*2016 TIM HIEU G U I PHAP KET HQl* CUA TCP-RENO VA VEGAS VOfI GIAO THirc DINH TUYEN ZRP TREN MANG MANET Vo Thanh Tu* Le Thi Bich Phiromg** Tom tat Su kit hgp giira giao thuc dieu khien truyen vdi dinh tuyen lai irong mgng MANET ddng mgt vai trd quan trgng viec dieu khien truyen dir lieu tir ddu cudi den ddu cudi Bdng gdp chinh ciia bdi bdo Id tim hiSu qua cdc kich bdn khdc tren giao ihirc dinh tuyen lai ZRP vd cdc giao thirc dieu khien truyen cdi tiin (Reno, Vegas) tren mang MANET Thong qua thuc nghiem mo phdng bdng cong cu md phdng mgng NS2 (phien bdn 2.34) dua tren cdc tham so: ty le phdl gdi tin ihdnh cong, ty le rai gdi tin, thong lugng trung binh vd Ire irung binh, hdi hdo lien hdnh phdn li'ch, xic ly dH lieu vd ddnh gid hieu nang Tir khoa: Mang MANET, TCP-Reno, TCP-Vegas, giao thicc dinh tuyin ZRP \ Giol thieu Mang bien khong day di dong (MANET) la tap hgp tat ca cac diem di dong, cung la tap hgp cac thiet bi dinh tuyen di dong dugc kSt n6i bdi cac lien kSt khong day, cac ket noi tao m6t cau true lien ket ngau nhien Nha vao Igi the kh6ng day va tir di chuyen ma mang MANET phu hcrp vol cac tinh huong khan cap nhir thien tai, tham hoa nguai gay ra, cac xung dot quan su, cac tinh huong y te khan cap Mot so nghien cuu sir ket hop giGa cac giao thuc truyen tin va giao thuc dinh tuyen theo nhom chu ung va phan ung tren mang MANET cung da c6 nhung ket qua nhat dinh Su ket hgp cua giao thuc truyen tin TCP-Vegas voi giao thiic dinh tuyen AODV (giao thuc phan ung) tren mang MANET da nang cao dugc hieu suat truyen tin voi ty le phat goi tin c6ng cao hon so vol TCP-Vegas kat hop vai DSDV (giao thucchu u'ng)[l]; hieu suat truyen tin cua TCP-Reno dugc danh gia cao hem * PCS TS, Tmong Dai hoc KJioa hoc Hu6 ** ThS, Van phong Tinh Uy ket hgp voi OLSR (giao thiic chu mig)[5] Tuy nhien, tinh chat nang dgng cua moi tniang mang MANET, cac nut di chuyen vira theo nhom, vira rai rac thi nhiing sir ket hgp CO hieu qua khong cao[4] Vi vSy, CO sir ket hgp giiJa giao thiic truyen tin va giao thiic dinh tuyen lai tren m^ng MANET phii hgp s6 gop phlin cai thi?n hieu nang su dung va giam chi phi truyen thong Chinh vi vay ciing da c6 nhieu nghien ciiu nham cai tien va phat trien cac giao thiic dinh tuyen theo nhom bang nghi, thich nghi, dinh tuygn lai (DSDV,AODV, ZRP)[8], giao thiic truyen tin (Tahoe, Reno, New-Reno, Vegas)[l][3], va nghien ciiu sir kSt hgp giiia cac giao thiic vai d6 gop phSn nang cao hi?u nang tren MANET Trong bai bao se tap trung nghien cuu anh huong ciia su k8t hgp giiia giao thiic truyen tin TCP-Reno, TCP-Vegas vai giao thirc dmh tuyen vimg thugc nhom dinh tuySn lai ZRP, dong thai thong qua mo phong de so sanh, danh gia hieu nang tren cac kich ban khac va dua phuong an lira chgn toi iru gop phSn nang cao hieu nang tren MANET TRUONG DAI HQC PHU YEN Su- ket hop giua giao thiic TCP vfri giao thu'c djnh tuyen 2.1 Giao thirc TCP-Reno TCP-Reno la mot giao thiic giao van cai tiSn cua TCP dugc ap dung rpng rai tren Internet nay, nai ma luu lugng cang tang nen viec nghien ciiu ket hgp voi cac giao thiic dinh tuyen tren mang dien rgng de dieu khien tranh tac la rat c6 y nghTa De dieu khi^n truySn thong, TCPReno sii dung nhieu ca che dieu khien tac rieng biet nhu: ca ch6 bat dau cham, ca che tranh tac nghen, ca che phat lai nhanh va ca che phuc hoi nhanh Thudt loan TCP-Reno[2] nhu sou: Ban dau mot ket noi dugc thi6t lap thi TCP-Reno dat nguong ciia cira so phat CO dp Ion toi da va kich thuac ciia cwnd bang segment Tai thai diem (t+1) thi chi xay a cac truong hgp sau: * Trwdng hgp I: Tram phat nhan dugc segment hoi dap ACK (Truyen nhan cong): N6u w ssth): Tang kich thuac w theo tuyen tinh: Kich thuac cua so dugc cap nh|t: w(t+l) = w(t)+lw(0 * Trudng hop 2: Tram phat nhan dugc segment ACK h6i dap triing lap so hieu: Su dung CO chS phat lai nhanh va phuc hoi nhanh: Dat lai nguang: ssth ^ w(t)/2 Kich thuac cira s6 dugc cap nhat: w(t+l) = ssth * Trurrng hop 3: Khi phat hicn c6 segment bj qua thai gian cho Dat lai nguang: ssth = w(t)/2 Kich thu6c cira so dugc cSp nhat; w(t+l)=l Sii dung ca che bat dau cham Trong do, w: kich thuac cira sd phat; ssth: nguong bat dau cham Nhu vay TCP-Reno dieu khien cira s6 phat bang each nhan thong tin tir segment hoi dap ACK va segment bi het then gian cha (time out) Sir cai tien cua TCP-Reno dSy la sau sir dung ca che phat lai nhanh no sir dung co che phuc hoi nhanh,TCP-Reno da tan dung dugc duang truyen va cai thi?n dang ke ve thong luang 2.2 Giao thiic TCP-Vegas TCP-Vegas la mot giao thiic cai tien tranh tac nghen, no dugc phat trien va ke thira tir giao thiic TCP-Reno Thay vi tang ty 16 giri cho den xay ta mat goi tin thi TCP-Vegas c6 gang de ngan thiet hai bang each giam ty le giii no nhan dugc tinh huong chuSn bj tac ca chua CO dau hiSu mat cac segment[2] Chinh vi vay TCP-Vegas c6 the dugc xem nhu la mot giao thiic TCP cai tien "chii ling" va no trai ngugc hoan toan vai TCPReno la "phan ling" vi TCP-Reno chi xu ly dap ling xay viec mk cac segment TCP-Vegas sir dung cac ca ch6 qua trinh dieu khien truyen thong nhu: ca che cira so trugt (slide windows), co che bat dau cham (slow start), co che tranh tac nghen, ca che phat lai nhanh, phuc hoi nhanh va ca ch6 diSu khi6n truyen thong ciia no Cac hanh dgng dilu khien tac chii irng cua TCP-Vegas dua tren phep RTT (Round Trip Time, thai gian goi tin di trpn mot vong) Tren m6i RTT, TCP-Vegas tinh thong lugng thuc te va so sanh no voi thong lugng du kien - Thong lugng du kien dugc tinh toan nhu sau: Expected= cwnd/BaseRTT, TAPCHI ICHOAHOC SO 13 * 2016 Trong do, cwnd: kich thuac cii'a so tac hien tai, BaseRTT: phep RTT quan sat Thong lugng thuc te dugc tinh nhu sau: Actual =RTTlen/RTT, Trong do, RTT chinh la RTT trung binh cua cac phan doan hoi dap ACK RTT cuoi cung; RTTlen la s6 byte dugc truyen RTT cuoi ciing Nhu vay, ca che bat dau cham dugc khai dgng tai thdi diem ban dSu hoac sau sir kien timeouts va kit thiic cwnd Ian hon nguang ssthresh Kich thuoc ciia so CO che bat dau cham dugc mo ta nhu sau: cwnd- r cwnd + \ if Ay Trong CO che tranh tac nghen, nhan Su khac giiia hai phep dugc mot ACK m(M, nut nguon tang kich thu6c tinh toan cac phan doan RTT ca sa, cira so them 1/cwnd neu A nho hon a, giam gia tri A dugc tinh theo cong thiic sau A= (cwnd/BaseRTT - RTTlen/RTT)/BaseRTT mot luong 1/cwnd neu A Ion hon p, va khong doi A nam khoang a va p TCP-Vegas thiet lap cac gia tri a, P va y, Kich thuac cira so ca che tranh tac viec lua chgn cac gia tri phii hop cung dugc mo ta lihu sau: se anh huong Ian den viec dieu khien truyen thong Nut nguon so sanh A voi y giai doan bat dau cham va so sanh v6i cwnd cac gia tri a, p giai doan tranh tac de dieu chinh kich thudc cira so giii cwnd sau moi vong round trip time (RTT) va tinh cwnd cac gia tri, dugc the hien qua ca che (Hinh Trong a, fi vd y thuang dugc thiet lap 1) Idn luat bdng I, vd L Trong giai dogn trdnh tac co hai ca che phat Igi nhanh vd phuc hdi nhanh cho phep gidi quyet nhanh chdng tinh trang tac mgng TCP-Vegas nhanh chdng phat lai cdc gdi tin bi mdt nhan ba A CKs lap md khong quan tdm den thdi gian het hgn cua gdi tin 2.3 Giao thiic dinh tuyen viing (ZRP) Hinh J Ca che dieu khien cua so truyen tin cua TCP-Vegas Trong ca che bat dau cham, nhSn mot ACK mai va A nho hon y, niit nguon tang cwnd them 1, ngugc lai cwnd giam mot lugng bang p%, ssthresh dugc dat lai bang cwnd va chuyin sang co che tranh tac ZRP[7] la giao thiic dinh tuyen lai, no ket hgp tinh nang giiia chu ling va phan img de ma rgng viec gia tang kich thuoc va so lugng nut mang ZRP dugc dinh nghTa la mot vimg xung quanh cac niit, vimg sii' dung dinh tuyen chii irng va ngoai vimg sir dung dinh tuyen phan ling Hieu nang ciia giao thuc co the duoc toi uu hoa dieu chinh tham so ban kinh viing phii hgp, viec dieu chinh phu thu6c vao cac yeu to nhu' toe di chuyen, mat niit TRUONG DAI HOC PHU YEN Cau true cua ZRP D6 phat hien cac nut lang gieng moi va lien kSt that bai, ZRP dua vao giao thirc kham pha lang giSng (NDP) duoc cung cap bai lap MAC NDP truyen th6ng diep HELLO canh bao deu dan Khi tiep nhan mgt tin hieu thi bang lang gieng dugc cap nhat Cac lang gidng khong nhan dugc tin hieu mgt thoi gian nhat djnh no se dugc loai bo khoi bang NSu tang MAC chua CO BDP thi tinh nang se phai dugc cung cap bdi lARP Moi quan he giGa cac phan dugc minh hga (Hinh 2): cap nhat tuyen dugc khoi dgng bdi NDP no thong bao cho lARP bang Idng giSng dugc cap nhat lERP su dung bang dinh tuyen cua lARP de dap irng cac truy vdn tuy6n lERP chuyen tiep truy van cho BRP BRP sii dung bang dinh tuyen ciia lARP de hudng dan truy van tuyen di tii nguon truy van J2S H lABP \=^ EEP j > Packetflow L-«[~Mn I H MAClavii LM2EJ Hinh Cdu true cua ZRP 2.4 Su ket hop giu-a cdc giao thijc ZRP CO Igi the la m6t giao thiic dinh tuy6n lai, dugc ket hgp cac uu diem ciia giao thiic dinh tuygn chii ling (proactive) va giao thiic dinh tuygn phan ling (reactive).TCP-Vegas co thg dugc xem nhu la m6t giao thirc TCP "chii ling" c6 gang di6u chinh kich thuac ciia s6 phii hgp ca chua co dSu hieu mk cac segment TCP-Reno co th6 dugc ggi la giao thiic TCP "phan ling" vi chi xir ly dap ling c6 cac segment ton that xay 2.4.L TCP-Reno kit hop vdi ZRP ZRP k6t hgp hai phuong an dinh tuySn khac hoan toan cung mgt giao thiic Trong vimg dinh tuy6n, phan chu ling lARP tri bang dinh tuyen upto-date, CO nhiem vu tri thong tin dinh tuyen cho nhieu niit nam viing dinh tuyen cua niit, bat ky mgt nut viing deu luon tri bang dinh tuyen cija no th6ng tin dinh tuyen den tat ca cac niit khac viing Thong tin dinh tuyen dugc phat broadcast theo mgt khoang thoi gian quy dinh dS giiip cho bang dinh tuyln luon cap nhiit nhijug thong tin moi nhat Voi viec thuang xuyen tri thong tin dinh tuyen ciia lARP da giiip cho giao thuc hoan toan phii hgp vai TCP-Reno, bdiTCP-Reno lien tuc tang cira so phat cho den nhan thong tin tu segment hoi dap ACK va segment bi het thdi gian chd (time out), TCP-Reno da tan dung dugc dudng truyen nen cai thien thong lugng mgt each dang ke TCP-Reno co hieu nang sir dung tot hon so vdi cac giao thiic khac ket hgp vdi giao thiic dinh tuySn OLSR tren MANET (giao thiic dinh tuyen chu iing)[5] Tuy nhien, van d6 quan trgng ciia ket hgp la viec xac dinh ban kinh viing phii hgp, ban kinh viing tdi uu phu thugc vao mgt so yeu t6, bao gom ca toe dp nut, mat dp nut va chi^u dai mang Khi thong so thay doi thi ban kinh viing phai dugc dieu chinh de toi uu hieu nang 2.4.2 TCP-Vegas kit hgp vdi ZRP TCP-Vegas duoc lira chgn la phu hgp vdi phSn lERP cua ZRP, thay vi tang ty le giri cho d8n xay mat goi tin nhu TCP-Reno thi TCP-Vegas c6 gang dS ngan TAPCHI KHOA HOC SO 13 * 2016 thiet hai bang each giam ty le gui no nhSn dugc tinh hudng chuan bi tac ca chua co dau hieu mat cac segment Khi mgt nut yeu cau tuyen, neu viing thi cac tuy6n co san l§.p tiic nhung doi voi dich nam ben ngoai viing thi liic phan lERP (cd the dugc xem la giao thiic dinh tuyen phan ung cua ZRP) dugc de nghi tang kham pha tuyen va dich vu bao tri tuyen dua vao ket ndi cue bg bdi lARP Khi mgt niit yeu cau mot tuyen den dich, no phai khdi dau mot qua trinh kham pha tuyen de tim dudng di den dich (Route discovery) Qua trinh kham pha tuyen hoan tat cd mgt tuyen dS san sang hoac da kiem tra cac tuyen kha thi [2] Qua tai liSu nghien ciiu [1] da danh gia • rang voi su ket hgp cua giao thiic truyen tin TCP-Vegas vdi giao thiic dinh tuyen AODV (giao thiic phan ling) tren mang MANET da nang cao dugc hieu suat truyen tin vdi ty 18 phat gdi tin cong cao so vdi TCP-Vegas k6t hgp vdi DSDV (giao thiic chii img) Chinh nhd im diem cua phan "phan img" lERP cua giao thiic dinh tuyen ZRP va tinh nang "chu ling" ciia TCP-Vegas cd the ho trg lln nhau, giup tiet kiem dugc tai nguyen mang, cai thien dugc bang thong Danh gia ket qua bang mo phdng Trong bai bao thirc hien md phdng hai kich ban la giao thiic truyen TCPReno ket hop vdi giao thiic dinh tuyen ZRP, TCP-Vegas k8t hgp vdi ZRP, sau so sanh, danh gia va dua phuong an lua chgn t6i uu Cac tham s6 (Bdng 1) thuc hien md phdng nhu sau: Bang Cdc tham so thuc hien md phdng STT Gia tri Tham so Giao thuc dinh tuygn ZRP Giao thuc truyen tin Reno, Vegas Tang MAC 802.11 Kich thuac goi tin 512bytes Pham vi di chuyen cua nut lOOOmx 1000m So niit 40 Thai gian mo phong 100s Mo hinh di dong Random Waypoint Mobility 250'" Ban kinh phat song cua nut 10 Ban kinh di chuyen cua niit 500"' 11 Toe dp di chuyen toi da 40nVs 12 Ban kinh viing node 13 Gia tri a, p, y Ian luat 1, va Phan mem mo phong NS-2 phien ban 2.34 14 TRUONG DAI HQC PHU YEN Kich ban md phdng dugc thS hien (Hinh 3): 190 packets/TIL, thSp hon so vdi TCP-Vegas 200 packets/TIL Cac so lieu thi hien TCP-Reno da chimg to uu th6 tang kich thudc cira so truyen dli lieu nen ty le phat gdi tin cong doi luc cd gia tri dat dugc kha cao, nhien cac niit mang lien tuc thay doi va viec dinh tuyen lai cac tuyen dudng ciing chinh la diem bat Igi ciia giao thiic ty 16 phat gdi tin cong l^i thap hon so vdi TCP-Vegas \\ mh -•> ^ "'"• H| / Hinh Kich bdn md phdng Tir cac kSt qua dat duoc sau thuc hien md phong, chiing toi sii' dung phan mSm Trace Graph dS phan tich kSt qua luu vet qua cac file luu vSt va thirc hien phan tich bdi cac s6 lieu sau; Ty le phat goi tin cong; Thdng lugng; Ti 16 rai gdi tin; Do tre trung binh 3.1 Ty 1§ phat g6i tin cong Ty le phat gdi tin cong (PDR) dugc tinh theo cong thiic: PDR = (Tong so gdi tin nhan/tdng so gdi tin giii) X 100 Bilu dd (Hinh 4) cho thay ty le phat gdi tin ciia TCP-Reno dat cao nhat co liic len den 560 packets/TIL, cao hon so vdi TCP-Vegas 540 packets/TIL va ciing cd liic thap nhat la H Hinh Ty le gdi tin gici cong So sanh giiia hai bieu do, TCP-Reno ket hap vdi ZRP cd miic dao dgng Idn ban (Hinh 4), tdng sd gdi tin dat dugc la 33941, vdi ty le dat dugc la 90,70%, thdp hon so vdi ty le cua TCP-Vegas Khi TCP-Vegas kk hgp ZRP, bi6u dd dugc thi hien cd miic dao dgng nhd han, vdi 32428 sd lugng gdi tin gui cong nhimg cd ty le hieu suat lai dat cao hon dd la 91,65% (Bdng 2) Bdng Ty le phat gdi tin cong T6ng s6 goi tin So g6i tin gu-i TJ le% TCP-Reno 37420 33941 90,70% TCP-Vegas 35381 32428 91,65% TT Giao thiic sii' dung 3.2 Thong luong trung binh Thdng lugng trung binh la so lugng gdi tin gui cong/giay den cac niit dich sudt thdi gian mo phdng Qua bi6u dd (Hinh 5) cua ca hai kich ban md phdng ta th4y thdng lugng cua ca hai giao thiic deu cd miic dao dong Idn Viec tang kich thudc ciia so lien tuc ciia giao liiuc TCP-Reno da anh hudng rSt Idn den viec chiam giO dudng truySn gay thudng xuyen tit mang, cd it nhat lan thdng lugng trd ve d miic tai thdi diem thii 3s, 17s, 69s (xay ta hien tugng tat mang) i f t r ^ n i M-iUAMUL ^U 13 '2U16 PLR= (tong sd goi tin rai/tong so gdi tin gdi) X100 Bieu dd (Hinh 6) the hien ty ic gdi tin roi ciia cac giao thirc TCP-Reno va Vegas ket hgp vdi giao thiic dinh tuyen ZRP, So sanh cac ket qua cho thay ty le gdi tin roi cua TCP-Reno nhieu hem so vdi TCP-Vegas the hien d sd lieu 18,63% so vdi 17,98% (bdng 4) Sd lieu tren chiing to rang TCP-Vegas co the ngan ngiia cac gdi Hinii Thong tugng dat dugc cua cdc giao thuc tin bi mat qua trinh truyen thdng nhd vao vice theo doi cac RTT de dieu chinh kich Thdng lugng trung binh ciia TCP-Vegas thudc cua sd tang giam phii hgp Trai lai, la 196 packets/s, (Bdng 3), chiing to TCPTCP-Reno lai lien tuc tang kich thudc cira Vegas khd cd ca hoi tang kich thudc cira sd sd cua nd cho den phat hien dau hieu tat nhd vao cac tham so alpha, beta phii hop mang, chinh dieu da lam cho ty le Bieu dd (Hinh 5) ciing the hien hien tugng gdi tin rai cao hon so vdi TCP-Vegas tat mang chi xay mgt Ian tai thdi diem 44s Bang Thdng tugng dat dugc ciia cdc giao thiic -^ I i^ TT ;^ij Giao thirc sii' dung TCP-Reno TCP-Vegas Thdng lu'p'ng 225 196 3.3 Ty le roi goi tin Ty le roi gdi tin (PLR) dugc tinh theo cong thiic: Bdng Ty te gdi tin rai TT Giao thirc sir dung So goi tin Chung 37420 TCP-Reno TCP-Vegas 35381 Hinh Ty le gdi tin rat So goi tin roi 6974 6365 TJle 18,63% 17,98% 3.4 Do tre trung binh End-to-End Do tre trung binh End-to-End la thdi gian trung binh can thiet de mot gdi tin dupe truy6n cdng tir niit ngudn dSn niit dich Do tre trung binh chiu anh hudng idn bdi dai ciia tuyen dutmg truyen tin cung nhu cac bp dem tai cac niit, neu gdi tin den bg dem nhieu thi thai gian chd tai cac bp dem se tang len Vdi co chi cua minh TCP-Vegas cd gang tri mot lugng nhd cac gdi tm hang dgi thi TCP-Reno da chiem mgt lugng Idn cac gdi tin bg dem d bieu (hinh 7) tre cua TCP-Reno tang rat cao, cd liic len din 12s, chimg to viec tang lien tuc kich thudc cira sd da lam Hinh Do tre trung binh End-to-End cho bang thong tren dudng truyen tang cao, keo theo tri trung binh cua TCP-Reno cao: 0.1757s Ngugc lai TCP-Vegas cd tre trung binh rat thap: 0.0914s (bdng 5) nhd vao viec dieu khien kich thudc cira sd tang giam phii hgp IKUUNUWAl HUCI-HU YtlN Bang Bg tri End-to-End cua cdc giao thuc TT Giao thirc sir dung TCP-Reno TCP-VeRas Do tre trung binh 0.1757 0.0914 Ket luSn Nhu vay, bai bao da tim hieu giai phap kit hgp ciia TCP-Reno va TCP-Vegas vdi giao thiic dinh tuyen ZRP, qua hai kich ban md phdng cho thiy TCP-Vegas ket hgp vdi giao thiic dinh tuyen ZRP cd hieu suat tot hon nhd vao co che udc lugng bang thdng va cac gia tri a, p, y de lugng tat mang va dilu chinh kich thudc cira sd phii hgp, the hien qua cac sd lieu nhu: cd ty le phat gdi tin cdng, ty le roi gdi tin thip va tri trung binh thap hon so vdi TCP-Reno Tuy nhien TCP-Vegas cd mgt nhugc dilm la viec tan dung thdng lugng tren dudng truyln chua dugc toi uu, vln cdn d miic thap hon so vdi TCP-Reno Tuang lai chung tdi se tiep tuc tim hilu va md phdng viec ket hgp them giiia cac giao thiic truyen tin cai tiln khac nhu TCP-Vegas W, TCP-Vegas A vol giao thiic dinh tuyIn ZRP nham tim kit hgp tdi uu vdi muc dich nang cao hieu nang sir diing MANETD TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Mac Qudc Bao (2014), "Nghien cuu mgt sd gidi phdp nang cao hieu nang cua TCPReno vd Vegas ket hgp giao thirc dinh tuyen AODV tren mgng MANET", Luan van Thgc sT Cdng nghe thdng tin, Truong Dai hgc Quy nhan [2] V6 Thanh Tii (2012), "Mgng vd truyen du: lieu nang cao ", Nxb Dai hgc Hue [3] Alaa Seddik-Ghaleb, Yacine Ghamri-Doudane, Sidi-Mohammed Senouci (2006) "Effect of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols on TCP Performance within MANET', Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, IEEE, pp.866 - 873 [4] Avni Khatkar, Yudhvir Singh (2012), "Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Routing Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks", Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies, pp 542 - 545 [5] Dongkyun Kim, Juan-Carlos Cano and P Manzoni (2006), "A comparison of iheperformance of TCP-Reno and TCP-Vegas over MANET', Wireless Communication Systems, IEEE, pp 495 - 499 [6] Eriend Larsen (2012), "TCP in MANET - challenges and Solutions", Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI) [7] Jitendranath Mungara, M.N SreeRangaRaju (2011), "Optimized ZRP for MANET and its Applications ", International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol 3, No 3, pp 84-94, [8] Savita Gandhi SMIEEEI, Nirbhay Chaubey MIEEE, Naren Tada, Srushti Trivedi (2012), "Scenario-based Petformance Comparison of Reactive, Proactive & Hybrid Protocols in MANET", Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), IEEE, pp 1-5 Abstract Exploring the solution of TCP-Reno and TCP-Vegas with ZRP over MANET The combination of both hybrid routing protocol and transmission control protocol (TCP) plays an important role in end-to-end data packet transmission The main contribution of this article is to find the effect of different scenarios on hybrid routing protocols and the TCP variants (Reno, Vegas) over MANET According to the simulation results by simulation tool NS2 (version 2.34) Packet delivery Drop ratio Average throughput Average end to end delay, the article conducts data processing, analysing and performance evaluation Keyworks: MANET TCP-Reno TCP-Vegas, ZRP routing protocol ...TRUONG DAI HQC PHU YEN Su- ket hop giua giao thiic TCP vfri giao thu''c djnh tuyen 2.1 Giao thirc TCP- Reno TCP- Reno la mot giao thiic giao van cai tiSn cua TCP dugc ap dung rpng rai tren Internet... vay TCP- Vegas c6 the dugc xem nhu la mot giao thiic TCP cai tien "chii ling" va no trai ngugc hoan toan vai TCPReno la "phan ling" vi TCP- Reno chi xu ly dap ling xay viec mk cac segment TCP- Vegas. .. uu hieu nang 2.4.2 TCP- Vegas kit hgp vdi ZRP TCP- Vegas duoc lira chgn la phu hgp vdi phSn lERP cua ZRP, thay vi tang ty le giri cho d8n xay mat goi tin nhu TCP- Reno thi TCP- Vegas c6 gang dS ngan