Le H6ng Thang Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 174(14) 3 6 B A N v l D^Y HQC NGOAI N G C QUA DE AN DlTOd GOC DO CUA GIAO HQC PHAP TS U Hdng Thfing'''' Trudng Khoa Ngoai nga • DN Thdi Nguyen Day hpc ngo^i ngi[.]
Le H6ng Thang Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHg 174(14): 3-6 B A N v l : D^Y-HQC NGOAI N G C QUA DE AN DlTOd GOC DO CUA GIAO HQC PHAP TS U Hdng Thfing' Trudng Khoa Ngoai nga • DN Thdi Nguyen Day-hpc ngo^i ngif c6 the dugrc th\ic hl^n bling nhiiu dudng, nhiiu each thirc va phirong phap khac Nhimg dii bing each nao di chang nua, thi muc dich cuoi cung van la de nguai hpc CO thi sit dyng du(?c ngo^i ngu d6 nhu m^t phuong ti$n giao tiip Vit, dgiy-hgc ngo^i ngiJ qua de an la m^t so cac each thiic nhSm dgt du(jrc myc dich ke tren Trong khuon kho bki bao chung t6i xin b&n t6i mpt so net ve phuang phap dg-y-hpc duoi g6o dp ciia gido hpc phdp ngo^i ngtt Trong giao hpc phap ngo^ ngii, nhu chung ta da biit, co nhiing thdi diim ngucri ta rat chu trpng toi vi§c d?iy-hpc cac cau tnic ngir phap, hay n6i rgng hon, la day-hpc cac kien thiic ng6n ngiJ (\f thuyet va quy tac vi ngii am, tii v\mg, ngii phdp, )- Nguai ta cho rdng, ndm viing cdc kien thiic ngdn ngii, ngudi hpc se sii dyng dupe ngon ngii giao tiep Day Id each tiep cdn theo quan diem ngdn ngii Theo cdch tiep c|n ndy, thi dan vj ngon ngfl, cy the la cdc eau tnic ngii phdp, duac l4y Idm dan vi di dgy-hpe Vd, gid hpc dupe bdt d4u bdng vi^c gidi thieu cac cau tnic ngii phdp, phdn tich d|c diem cau tnic, cung nhu cac quy tdc lien quan, vd cu6i ciing la thuc hanh v^n dyng ch6ng vdo giao tiip Nh&ng thdp nifin gdn day, each tiep can doi vai qua trinh dg-y-hpc ngoai ngii dd eo nhiing thay doi ddng ke Ngudi ta cho ring, dg.y-hpe ngogi ngii la day-hpc hoat dpng, cy thi la ho?it dpng giao tiip Do vdy, ckn phdi l4y dan vj cila hogt d^ng giao tiip 1dm don vi di dgy-hpc Theo d6, hdnh dpng ldi noi, don vj giao tiip nhd nhat, duoc coi Id dan vj khdi diem di dgy-hpc ngogi ngii M6i hdnh dpng Idi noi bao gom y djnh giao tiip, boi cdnh giao tiep vd phuang ti?n ngon ngfi biiu dat N6i mOt cdch cy thi han, de thyc hi?n mpt hanh dpng giao tiip trudc hit ciln phdi c6 y djnh hay nhu eau giao tiip, ki tiip Id can xdc djnh boi canh se dien hdnh dpng giao tiep (thdi gian, khdng gian, doi tdc, ), tren ca sd lya chpn ede phuang ti$n ngdn ngii phii hpp di thyc hi^n hdnh dOng giao tiip dd Ciing mOt ^ djnh giao tiep, nhimg cdc b6i cdnh giao tiep khac nhau, ngudi ta sS sii cac phuang ti?n ngon ngii khde Day chinh la each tiip cdn dgy-hpe theo quan diem giao tiip Theo cdch tiip cdn nay, thi gid hpc dupe bdt diiu bdng vipc gidi thi?u hanh dOng ldi ndi, mi^u ta boi canh, tinh hu6ng dien hdnh dOng ldi ndi dd, ke tiip la gidi thi§u ede phuang tien ngdn ngii (ngii dm, tii vyng, ngii phap) can thiet phii hpp vdi boi cdnh giao tiep, va di trln ca sd dd tien hdnh cdc bdi t|p thyc hanh giao tiip Din mdt giai dogn nhdt djnh, ngudi hpc dd ndm bdt dugc mpt so lupng du cdc hanh dpng ldi ndi dan 16, thi chuong trinh hanh dpng ldi ndi, hay cdc chu de, chu diim giao tiep, bao gom nhieu hdnh dpng ldi ndi theo mpt ehii de, chu diim nhat djnh, sS trd dan vj dgy-hpc CCmg vdi mye dich Id de ngudi hpc cd thi sii dyng dupe ngoai ngii vao hogt ddng giao tiip, nhung ro rdng vdi cac cdch tiip cgn khde thi each thirc to chiic dgy-hpc ciing sg khac Neu cdch tiip cgn thir nhit di tii hinh thiic bieu dgt den ndi dung biiu dgt, tiic Id tir phuang ti^n ngdn ngii den ldi ndi, thi each tiep can thir hai, ngupfc Igi, di tir npi dung biiu dgt din hinh thiic biiu dgt, tiic Id tii Idi ndi din phuang ti?n ngdn ngii Vd, thay vi d$t van de theo cdch tiip cgn thii nhat "Hdm chiing ta hpc thi hi^n tgi tiip diln", thi cdch tiip e^n thii hai dgt van de "Hdm chiing ta hpc cdch dien dgt hdnh dpng dang diin ra", Tel: 0912.549077, Email:lethang.sfl@tnu.edu.v U H6ng niang Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 174(14): 3-6 Dieu khSng thS phii nhgn Id hai cdch tiep cgn neu trSn, cdch tiip cgn theo quan diem giao tiip dang Id xu thi mgnh me vd la dgc tnmg ciia giao hpc phdp hi6n dgi dgy-hpc ngogi ngii hi?n B8n cgnh dd, nhiing nam gin day cac nhd gido hpe phdp cGng ban nhiiu den vi$c lay ngudi hpc 1dm trung tam, chuyin trpng tdm tii hogt dOng day sang hogt dOng hpc, biin qua trinh ddo tgo qua trinh ty dao tgo Tiic la, da cd sy xdc dinh Igi vai trd ciia thdy vd vai trd ciia trd hogt dpng dgyhpc, ddng thdi dua ngudi hpc vi diing vj tri von cd la ehii thi ciia hogt dOng nh0n thiic Co thi noi ring, day la mdt djnh hudng quan tipng vd hit siic cd ^ nghia d6i vdi dgy-hpc ndi chung, ddc bi?t Id dgy-hpc ngogi ngii Myc dich cuii ciing cCia qud trhih dgy-hpc ngoai ngtt la hinh thdnh d ngudi hpc ky ndng giao tiip bdng tiing nude ngodi, md cd hay khdng vd dgt dupe d miic dd nao cdc Iq? ndng d6, diiu ndy phy thuOc vao chfnh hogt dpng hpc tgp ciia bdn thdn ngudi hpc Cd thi thay rdng, tii gdc dp ciia cac quan diem, eac dinh hudng neu tren, thi dgy-hpc ngogi ngir qua di an, mgc du van edn Id mdi ddi vdi Vi?t Nam, nhung la mpt nhiing phuong phdp dang cang chiim uu the gido hpe phdp ngogi ngii hi§n bdi nhiing kit qudtfcheye mdnddemlgi Dgy-hpc ngogi ngii qua di dn cho phep chung ta to chiic dgy-hpc theo ede chuong timh hdnh d$ng ldi ndi theo mOt chii di, chii diem xdc djnh Ldy de an du Ijch lam vi dy, di thyc hifn de dn ndy ngudi hpc phdi sir dyng mpt h? thong cac hanh d$ng ldi ndi tiong hogt dpng hudng din du Ijeh nhu: chao gdp mdt, chao tgm biet du khach; each tdp tmng, ldi eu6n sy ehii •^•, cdch noi vi thdi gian, khdng gian; each md td cdc hanh dpng, sy ki^n da, dang va se dien ra, each binh pham, ddnh gid, nhdn x^t, Diiu hoan todn phia hpp vdi djnh hudng giao tiip hi^n dgyhpc ngogi ngii Dgy-hpc ngogi ngii qua de an cho phep ngudi hpc phat huy cao dp tinh chu dOng, ddc 1^, sdng tgo hoat d$ng ciia minh, hay noi cdch khde Id hoat dpng hpe cua trd dang dupe giii vj tri trung tdm, va tid dang thyc sy dupe coi la chii thi doi vdi hogt dpng cua minh Thuc vgy, di thyc hi|n mpt de dn, de an du Ijch chdng hgn, ngudi hpc phdi chii ddng xdy dyng mpt kjch ban phii hpp vdi thdi gian, khdng gian va ddi tupng du khdch nhat djnh, tren co sd dd huy dpng cac hdnh dpng ldi ndi can thiet di thyc hi$n ede hdnh ddng hudng ddn du lieh, d6ng thdi phai chii dpng tim kiem cac thdng tin liSn quan din ede npi dung eIn gidi thi^u, nhu: cdc sy ki?n, di sdn Ijch sir, van hda, ede danh lam thdng ednh, Cung tien ca sd phdt huy dupe tinh chu dOng, sdng tao ciia ngudi hpc, ma cdc ky nang ldi ndi, ede kiin thiic va hiiu biit xa hpi ed diiu ki?n dupe md rOng, phdt triin them mOt edch ddng ki, th§m chi tiong mpt sd trudng hpp co thi vupt qua cd cdc yeu cau bat budc can cd tiong chuang trinh dao tgo, bdi tiem nang sang tgo cita ngudi hpe la vo ciing to Idn B6n cgnh dd, cd thi thiy rdng, dgy-hpc ngogi ngii qua de dn da tich hpp ca thye hanh ngogi ngii' va thyc hanh nghe nghi?p, tire Id khdng chi ren luy^n cae kj nang ngoai ngii, md han thi nua vi?c ren luy?n cac 1^ nang ngogi ngii Igi gdn vdi va thdng qua cdc hogt dpng thyc hdnh nghe nghiip cua ngudi hpe Nhihig ^ ngudi hpc dupe thye hanh tiong de an dang ti?m edn dan vdi hogt dpng nghe nghi?ptiongtuang lai eiia hp Thyc te tiong hogt dpng nghe nghi?p eiia hp dien nhu the nao, can nhiing kiin thiic, kj ndng, thai dd gi, thi tiong qua tiinh thye hi$n cae de dn hp dangtimgbu6c dupe 1dm quen, dupe tiai nghipm va dan ed dupe cae ndng lyc nghi nghipp cin tiiiit Ky ndng sii syng ngogi ngii sg dupe hoan thi?n va phdt tiien thdng qua thyc hdnh nghe nghipp, vd nhd dupe tien hdnhtix)ngmdi tiudng tiiyc hdnh hogt dpng nghe nghi?p ma nang lyc sii dyng ngoai ngii cang c6 gid hi va J nghTa thyc tiin han doi vdi hogt dpng nghi nghiep tiong tuang lai Di dn cdng ti$m Lfi H6ng Thdng Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGH$ 174(14): 3-6 c§n vdi hogt d0ng nghi nghipp bao nhidu, thi y nghia va gid tij thyc tiin cua nd cdng eao biy nhieu Cd thi coi ddy Id diim uu vi^t cua phuang phdp dgy-hpc ndy Can phai ndi them rang, dgy-hpc ngoai ngii qua de dn cdn gdp phan quan tipng tiong vipc hinh thdnh eac IQ' ndng eIn thiit khde, ed thi coi dd Id eac ky ndng mim can thiit cho cupc sing, cung nhu cho hogt dpng nghi nghipp cua ngudi hpe Trong dd ddng ki la ky ndng lam vipc theo nhdm, ky nang thuyit trbh, ddc bi$t Id trudc ddm ddng, ky ndng sir dyng ede phuang ti§n ky thugt, cae phuang ti?n cdng ngh? thdng tin, BSn cgnh nhiing mdt tich eye neu trSn, nhdm dam bao va nang cao hon niia hipu qua ciia phuong phap ndy, thi theo chung tdi can dgc bi?t luu y tdi mpt so yeu can vd di xuat cy thi sau: Do dgy-hpe qua di dn ddi hdi tich hpp ding thdi cd kiin thiic, hiiu biit, ky ndng ldi ndi, nen de dam bao tinh vira siic, can xdc djnh thdi diim, giai dogn dgy-hpc thich hpp, ciing nhu can eur vdo trinh dp ndng lyc cOa ngudi hpc di dua dk an nhu mpt mdn hpc vdo chuang tiinh dao tgo Chi nhi§m vy ciia de dn phii hpp vdi ndng lyc ciia ngudi thyc thi nd, thi vipc thyc hipn 6k an mdi cd thi dgt dupe hipu qua cao Thye ti cho thiy, dgy-hpc qua de dn dd dem Igi nhiing kit qud rat tich eye Do vdy, bSn canh vipc thiit ki mdi nhftng di dn hpe tgp nhu mpt mdn hpc, ngudi ta dang cd xu thi de dn hda eac mdn hpe khde hi$n cd Tuy nhien, khdng phdi cii to ehiic theo phuang thiic dh an Id diu cd hi?u qud, bdi tinh hipu qua ciia phucrng phdp ndy edn tiiy thudc vdo ddc diim, tinh ehdt ciia tiing mdn hpc Lgm dyng phuang phdp di dn vira 1dm lang phi thdi gian, edng siic ciia ngudi hpc, Igi viia khdng dgt dupe kit qua nhu mong mu6n Do vdy, cin cdn nhdc tinh phCi hpp du djnh to chiic dgy-hpe dudi dgng mdt di dn cho timg mdn hpe hoac nhdm mdn hpc tich hpp ey thi V i ^ danh gia sdn phim ciia de dn ciing Id mpt nhiing vin di can dupe quan tdm San pham ciia de an phdn dnh mpt nang lyc ting the, tiong dd cd cdc kiin thirc, cac ky ndng ngogi ngii, ky nang nghi nghiep, ^ thiic thdi dO vd cd sy sdng tgo cua ngudi hpc Di ddnh gid dupe mpt cdch diy dii vd chinh xdc ndng lyc tien, thi ngudi ddnh gid ciing cin phdi dupe trang bj ede thudc tuang irng vdi tung npi dung, ddi tupng cin Ndi mdt edch khde, d ngudi ddnh gid ciing can phai cd, t h ^ ehi d miie dd cao, tit cd nhiing gi md hp can danh gia tiong san pham de dn eiia ngudi hpc BSn cgnh dd, mpt sd di an, vi dy nhu di dn kjch, khdng han mang tinh chat djnh hudng nghe nghi?p, ma eo bdn chi Id xdy dyng mpt b6i cdnh cd tinh hip ddn vd tuang ddi hodn chinh cd ve bi eye vd npi dung di ngudi hpc thye hdnh giao tiip bdng ngogi ngu' Sdn pham eiia de dn ndy khdng chi Id ndng lyc sii dyng ngogi ngO' tiong cac ldi thogi eiia nhdn vgt, md edn Id khd ndng dien xuat, miie dd nhdp vai ciia ngudi diSn, eilng nhu khd ndng bai tri ednh quan cho timg man diin, Do \^y, ddnh gid sdn phim logi can xdc djnh rd nang lyc nao la chinh, ndng lye ndo Id phy, de tien co sd dd an dinh cdc thang diim hpp ly tiiy thupc vdo mire dp chinh, phy ciia chiing Trdnh danh ddng mye dich vdi phuang tipn Qua nhiing nOi dung phan tich ki tien, x6t trfin phuong diin vi ly ludn dgy-hpc, cd thi ndi rdng, dgy-hpc ngogi ngfi qua di dn dang ngdy cdng ehiim uu thi, bdi sy phii hpp ciia nd vdi nhirng quan diem, nhfing djnh hudng cua gido hpc phdp hipn dgi dgy-hpc ngogi ngfi, cung nhu tinh thuyet phyc eiia nhfing kit qud ma nd dem Igi Mde dit vdn cdn nhiing ndi dung can phdi tiip tyc bdn bgc thdm, nhung rd rang phuang phdp dgy-hpc ngogi ngfi qua di dn dang gdp mpt phan quan trpng tiong vipe nang cao hl^u qud day-hpc ngogi ngfi d Vi^t Nam Vd, diiu dd dgc bi^t ed y nghia tiong boi canh dat nude ta dang hpi nhgp quie ti cdng mgnh me, cdng sdu rpng, vd nhu elu, ciing nhu y6u elu ve ngogi ngfi dang cdng trd nen cap thiit hon bao gid hit./ Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ 174(14): 3-6 J su phan tich cdc quan diim v i djnh hudng ca bdn tiong gido hpc phdp dgy-hpe ngogi ,im idc gid bdl bdo dd chi nhthig diim mgnh ciia phuang phdp dgy-hpe ngogi ngfi qua di dn fhuong phdp khdng ehi da dap iing nhfing ySu elu cfin ban ciia giao hpc phdp ngogi ngfi hipn dgi, nhu ddm bdo djnh hudng giao tiip, liy ngudi hpc lam trung tdm; md han thi ntfa, no cdn cd uu diim vupt tiOi dd Id khd ndng tich hpp hfiu ca gifia thye hdnh ngogi ngfi vdi thyc hanh nghe nghipp Ben cgnh dd, nhdm ndng eao hon nfia tinh hi^u qud, tac gid da neu mpt s6 di xuit vi?c ap dyng phuang phdp ndy, eOng nhu mpt s6 luu ^ tiin hdnh ddnh gid cdc sdn phim cua de dn./ TAI LEU THAM K H A O Biii Hikn (1999), Phiicmgphdp hi^n dgi dgy - hQc ngogi ngitjl^ixb Bai hoc Qnoc gis-Ka^i^l Ky yiu Hpi thdo quie gia "Nghien eiiu Hen ngdnh vi ngdn ngfi vd gidng dgy ngdn ngfi" lan thii hai, Nxb Dgi hpc Hui, 2017 Nguyin Vinh Quang (2001), Nhiing gidi phap tich cyx: hoa qud trinh dgy hgc tiing nuac ngoai, Di tdi KHCN d p 8$, Ma so B98-03-18 ... lay ngudi hpc 1dm trung tam, chuyin trpng tdm tii hogt dOng day sang hogt dOng hpc, biin qua trinh ddo tgo qua trinh ty dao tgo Tiic la, da cd sy xdc dinh Igi vai trd ciia thdy vd vai trd ciia trd... tgp ciia bdn thdn ngudi hpc Cd thi thay rdng, tii gdc dp ciia cac quan diem, eac dinh hudng neu tren, thi dgy-hpc ngogi ngir qua di an, mgc du van edn Id mdi ddi vdi Vi?t Nam, nhung la mpt nhiing... co thi vupt qua cd cdc yeu cau bat budc can cd tiong chuang trinh dao tgo, bdi tiem nang sang tgo cita ngudi hpe la vo ciing to Idn B6n cgnh dd, cd thi thiy rdng, dgy-hpc ngogi ngii qua de dn da