CHUYEN MUC TRAO OOl NGHIEP VU NOI DUNG VA PHU''''aNG PHAP DAY MON c a S d VAN HOA VIET NAM CHO SINH VIEN Nu''''dc NGOAI NGANH VIET NAM HOC N G U Y S N TH! NGUYET'''' Bii viit niy trao dil mgt sd van di ve ndi[.]
CHUYEN MUC TRAO OOl NGHIEP VU NOI DUNG VA PHU'aNG PHAP DAY MON c a S d VAN HOA VIET NAM CHO SINH VIEN Nu'dc NGOAI NGANH VIET NAM HOC N G U Y S N TH! NGUYET' Bii viit niy trao dil mgt sd van di ve ndi dung vi phwang phap giang day mdn Ca sd Vin hda Viet Nam cho ngwdl nwdc ngoii Bi dam bao chuyin tai dwac birc tranh toan canh vi van hda Viet Nam vdl nhO'ng die trwng rieng va nhO'ng khac biet giira cic dan tdc, vung miin, cung vdl mdt bi diy ljch sir phong phu, phin ndi dung chung tdi thiit ki thinh 15 chu di - bii gling (15 dan vj bii hgc) dwac day trgng 45 gid tin chi Mdt "dan vj bii hoc", tren ca sd tham khia quy trinh ciia Giselle O Mariln-Knlep thiit ki: Iwa chgn tam diim ti chirc tich hap; trinh biy ca sd dat vin di; neu cic ciu hdi cdt Idl vi ciu hdi gai md; tea ca hdi hgc tip vi phit triin ca hdi dinh gii Cudi cung, bii viit di xuat mdt sd phwang phip giang day mdn ca sd van hda Viet Nam phu hap vdi sinh vien nwdc ngoai: phwang phap day hgc dwa tren van di (Problem based learning); phwang phip day hgc theo nhdm (Group based learning); phwang phap day hoc twang tic (Interactive method) Tir khda: Viet Nam hpc, ndi dung, phypng phdp giang day, mdn cp sd vdn hda Viet Nam, sinh vien nydc ngpdi Nhgn bai ngay: 10/10/2018; dwa vao bien tap: 11/10/2018; phan bign: 13/10/2018; duyet dang: 26/10/2018 1.BATVANB£ phat triln, trpng nhu'ng ndm qua, Cimg vdl cdng cudc del mdi dat nydc vd qua trinh hdi nhap vpl t h i gidl de nganh Viet Nam hpc da cd nhO'ng chuyen biln sdu sac, cd nhilu sy ddu ty va del mdi v l ndi dung cOng nhy phypng phap giang day vd ky ndng • Trudng Bai hoe Khoa hoc Xa hdi va Nhdn van, Bai hoe Qudc gia Ha Npi Khoa Viet Nam hpc va Tilng Viet cua Trypng Dal hpc Khpa hpc Xd hpi vd NGUYEN THI NGUYET - NQI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP DAY Nhdn van, thupc Dal hpc Qudc gia Hd Npl chinh Id cp S P ddp tap vd nghien CU'U nganh ddc tac nay, dap yng met phln s y quan tam cua Viet Nam vd t h i gidl v l cac v i n d l Viet Nam hpc Nghien ciru v l ndi dung vd phypng phdp giang day van hda Viet Nam chp sinh vien nydc ngodi ngdnh Viet Nam hpc, chiing tdi mudn dya d i n chp sinh vien nydc ngedl sy hilu bilt thyc t l ve vdn hda Viet Nam vd phdt huy tinh chu dpng, sang tap ciia sinh vien qua trinh day vd hpc Viec del mdi npl dung, giap trinh hay cdch day vd hpc Id tam diem ciia del mdi phypng phdp day hpc hien Hai cudn gidp trinh cung ten Ca sd van hda Viet Nam ciia Gido sy Trdn Q u i c Vypng (chii bien) vd cua Giao s y Trdn Ngpc Them, dypc bien scan vdl nhCrng gde dp vd quan d i l m khdc nhau, dypc sir dung chung cho mdt SP ngdnh ddp tap Day la nhu'ng giao trinh phcng phii v l npl dung nhyng kha nang v l ly thuylt nen chya thuan lpi cho viec day vd hpc mdn ndy thyc t l Trong chypng trinh ddo tao ngdnh Viet Nam hpc, men hpc Cp sp Vdn hda Viet Nam dypc xay dyng thdnh mdn hpc thupc k h i l kiln thirc cp sp cua ngdnh Chypng trinh ddl hpi phai cd nhO'ng men hpc chuyen ngdnh bat bupc hcac ty chpn dl sau hpn vap cdc thdnh td cua van hda Viet Nam nhy; tin ngypng vd ten giao Viet Nam; dai cypng v l van hpc Viet Nam; van hda giao tilp Viet Nam; nghe thuat bleu d i l n Viet Nam; m^ thuat va k i l n true Viet Nam; am thyc Viet Nam; dl tich vd thing canh Viet Nam Mdn hpc Cp sd van hda Viet Nam rat quan trpng d l i vdi sinh vien ngypi nydc ngoai, vl nd cung d p cho ngydi hpc nhCrng v i n de CP ban cua vdn hda Viet Nam: djnh nghTa, khdi niem van hda va nhu'ng tHudt ngCr lien quan; ddl typng nghien ciru, phypng phdp nghien ciru, vai trd cua van hda trcng s y phdt trien cua dan tdc, cdc thdnh to van hda tieu b i l u , khdng gian vdn hda Viet Nam Nham ddp irng p h l n ndo nhu cau cua sinh vien nydc ngedl viec tim hilu van hda Viet Nam, chung toi dd chu y nghien ciru, bien soan nhCrng bdi giang v l van hda Vidt Nam cho vira cd dpng, sue tich v l ndi dung, vira de hilu, d l nhd, d l van dung vac cac hoat ddng van hda cung nhy hoat ddng du ljch Trcng khuon kho bdi v i l t ndy, chung tdi mudn dya mdt chypng trinh giang day vdl npl dung vd phypng phdp phii hpp hpn cho ngypl nydc ngodi Trong dd, Chung tdi giam bdt phln ly thuylt tdng them p h l n thyc tien van hda Viet Nam, nhdm gidi thieu d i y du hpn nhO'ng gia tri vdn hda ddc sdc va nhirng di san van hda tieu bilu THlfeT K^ NOI DUNG G I A N G BAY VAN HOA VIET NAM 2.1 L y a chon cac chu d§ v l noi dung van hda Viet Nam cho ngyo'i n y c ngoai Nel dung van hda Viet Nam bap ham mpl ITnh vyc cua vdn hda vat chdt, vdn hda xa hdi vd vdn hda tinh t h i n Viet TAP CHl KHQA HOC XA HOI so 10+11 (242*243)2016 Nam cd 54 dan tpc, m i l dan too sinh song tren ddl d i t Viet Nam d i u ce sdc thai van hda rieng t h i hien rd trcng ngdn ngir, I m thyc, trang phuc, tin ngydng, phcng tuc tap qudn Ljch sir vd van hda mdi vung miln cung cd sy khac biet VI vay, de dam bac cung d p k i l n thirc cp sp tcan dien giang day vdn hda Viet Nam cho ngypl nydc ngedl, chung tci lya chpn vd thilt ke npl dung theo trinh ty nhy sau: p h l n mp dau cung d p cho ngypl hpc nhu'ng v i n d l ly ludn chung vd cp sp thyc tien cua van hda Viet Nam; cac phdn tilp theo se Idm rd cdc npl dung cu t h i cua van hda Viet Nam theo tyng chuyen d l nhy sinh thai nhdn vdn, ddn tdc, tdn gido, tin ngypng, cdc thdi ky ljch sir, cac n i n vdn minh tu-ng ton tai, ode phong tuc n i l bat, cac le hdi ldn Trpng mdi bdi giang, chung tdi tap trung vdc nhu'ng npl dung cp ban Id tam d i l m ta chirc tich hpp - chu d l Cu the, mdn hpc Cp sp Vdn hda Viet Nam che ngypl nydc ngcai dypc Chung toi thilt k l 15 chu d l bai giang (15 dpn vj bdi hpc) dypc day 45 glp tin chi Bai mpt: NhO'ng ddc tryng cua vdn hda Viet Nam 149 Bai hai: T y nhien va van hda Viet Nam Vi tri dja ly vd van hda Viet Nam Dja hinh vd van hda Viet Nam Khi hau vd van hda Viet Nam Mel trypng nypc va van hda Viet Nam Bai ba: 54 ddn tpc Viet Nam Ngudn gde cac dan tdc Thanh p h l n cac dan tpc Ode d i l m cdc dan tdc Viet Nam Van hda tpc ngydi Bai bdn: Van hda Viet Nam thdi tiln sir vd SP sir Thdi tiln s y Thdi SP sir Van hda Oang Spn Vdn hda Sa Huynh Vdn hda Ddng Nai Bdi nam: Van hda Viet Nam thien nien ky d i u cdng nguyen Van hda chdu the Bde Bp Van hda Cham Pa Van hda c Ec Bai sau Van hda Viet Nam thdi ty chu B l l canh Ddc tryng van hda Bai bay: Van hda Viet Nam tir nam 1858 d i n ndm 1945 Bel canh Khdi niem vdn hda Oac tryng vdn hda Y nghTa, vai trd cua van hea trpng sy phdt triln cua dan tpc Del typng vd phypng phdp nghien Bai tam: Van hda Viet Nam tir 1945 den Bdi canh ciru Ddc tryng van hda NhO'ng ddc tryng cua van hda Viet Bai chin: Tilng Viet va chir Qudc ngu' Nam Nguin gde NGUYEN THI NGUYET - NQI DUNG VA PHLfONG P H A P DAY Sy tiep xiic, giac lyu ngdn ngCr trpng qua trinh phdt triln Vimg van hda Viet B i c Ode diem cua tilng Viet Viing vdn hda Trung Bd Bai mu'd'i: Van hpc Viet Nam qua nhyng chang dydng ljch sir Cac thdnh p h l n d u tap cua n i n van hpc Viet Nam Vimg van hda Tay Nguyen Cac thdi ky phdt triln May net dac s i c truyin thong ciia van hpc Viet Nam Bai myd'i mot: Pheng tuc tap qudn van hda cdc dan tpc p Viet Nam Phpng tuc tap quan cdc dan tpc Phcng tuc l l T i t Phcng tuc cypl xin Phcng tuc tang ma Bai mu'd'i hai: Mdt sp hinh thdi tin ngy&ng chinh cua cdc dan tpc a Viet Nam Tin ngypng thd cung to tien Tin ngypng thd Mdu Tin ngypng thp Thdnh Hpdng Tin ngypng thd T h i n Hnh Bdi myd'i ba: Nhyng tdn gidp chinh p Viet Nam Nhp gidp Dap giap Phat giap Thien Chua gide Vimg van hda chau tho Bac Bd Vung van hda Nam Be 2.2 Cac bLfd'c xdy dirng bai giang v l vi$c xay dyng hay thilt k l mpt "San vj bai hcc", chung tci tham khap each lam cila Martin - Knlep (2011: 41-51) treng phan Thiit ki cic dan vi bii hgc theo chuan vpl quy trinh bydc: Lya chpn tam diem to chirc tich hpp; Trinh bay cp sp ddt van d l ; Mc ta bdi canh vd trinh bdy tong quan; Scan cdc cau hdi cdt Idl va cau hdi gpi mp; Xdc djnh k i t qua can dat vd cdc chi sd; Xem xet lai tieu chuan cua quan (huyen), bang va quoe gia; Tao cp hdi hpc tap; Phdt triln cp hpi ddnh gid; Phdt triln nhirng gpi y chiem nghiem Chiing tdi dya cdch lam thich hpp cho "Don vj bdi hpc" p day thee quy trinh bydc nhy sau: Bydc 1: Lya chpn tdm diem te chirc tich hpp - ma p ddy Id lya chpn chO d l hay chu diem Ody Id cdc chu d l lien k i t cac npl dung Van hda Viet Nam vdl Bai myd'i bdn: L l hpi co truyen Viet Nam Bydc 2: Trinh bay cp sp ddt van d l Khdi quat v l l l hpi ce truyin Viet Nam chil d l ndy, nhO'ng kiln thirc, ky nang, Mdt sd l l hdi tieu bleu vien thu dypc sau hpc xong npi Bai myd'i lam: Kheng gian van hda Viet Nam dung ndy Vung van hda Tdy Bac cau hdi gpi md Bydc md ta rd tai sap lai chpn each trinh bay npi dung, k i t qua sinh Bypc 3: Neu cdc cdu hdi cot Idl vd TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 10*11 (242*243) 2018 Cdc cdu hdi cct Idl Id nhO'ng cdu hdi can thiet de neu bdt nhO'ng v i n d l trpng tam, cot y l u cua npl dung bdi giang, hypng sinh vidn tap trung vdp nhO'ng kiln thyc cp ban, thuc day sinh vien tim tdi vd hpc tdp chdm chi; cdc cau hdi gpi mp cc tinh hd trp, k i t dinh glCra hpc va hanh, gliip sinh vien the hien sy nang dpng, sdng tap Bydc 4: Tap cp hdi hpc tap vd phdt triln CP hpi danh gid Theo Martin-Knlep (2011: 41): "Cp hdi hpc tap la nhu'ng trai nghiem thyc t l , nhu'ng bai hpc va nhu'ng heat ddng ma giang vien cung d p d l giup hoc smh dat dypc k i t qua d i u dypc hydng tdi sau hpdn thdnh dan vj bdi hpc" Vdy, cp hdi hpc tap Id dya nhu'ng cau hdi gpi y d l phdng v i n sinh vien nydc ngodi v l chu d l , chu dilm bdi giang hay yeu d u sinh vien mang d i n nhu'ng cudn sach, nhu'ng hinh anh, nhu'ng ty lieu cd m i l quan he vdl chu d l bdi giang de cimg thao luan; hydng ddn sinh vien khao saL dilu tra, nghien ciru thyc t l d l cd nhtfng thdng tin cu t h i , ddnh gid d i y du v l nhCrng van d l ddt dpn vj bai hpc Cd t h i ddt nhCrng tinh huang nhy; tra Idl phdng van cua mdt phdng vien truyin hinh, hay yeu d u glal ddp che mpt ngydi nydc ngoai muon tim hilu v l chu d l , chii d i l m ma hp quan tdm Theo Martin-Knlep (2011: 48): "Cp hdi ddnh gid Id tpan bp nhO'ng nd lyc n h i m ghi lai nhu'ng thcng tin v l viec hpc tap ciia sinh vien b i t d i u mdt (jpn vj bdi hpc (chan dcdn), trcng qud trinh thyc hl?n dpn vj bdi hpc dd (rut kinh nghl|m) vd k i t thOc bai hpc dc hpac sau tich luy xong dpn vj bdi hpc dd (tpng kit)" "Dpn vj bdi hpc phai cd ca cp hpi d l sinh vien minh hpa trydc dpc gia mpl v i n de cdc em da hpc xpng trpng dpn vj bai hpc bang each van dung vac boi canh glal quylt nhyng v i n d l cd that vd nhyng v i n d l minh tin Id cd the" Ddy cOng Id k i t qua "chuan ddu ra" sinh vien d n dat dypc sau hcdn thdnh dpn vj bdi hpc 2.3 Nhij'ng vi du v l t h i l t k l noi dung mpt bai giang cu the Bdi 11 phdn 2: Phcng tuc l l T i t Viet Nam Npl dung chu d l gldl thieu cdc phcng tuc, y nghTa va gid tri vdn hda cua l l Tet p Viet Nam 1) Chil diem 1: Phong tuc Tit Nguyen Bin cua ngwdi Viet - Gial thich khdi niem " T i f , "Tit Nguyen Ddn", y nghTa v l mat thdi gian, t i m quan trpng vd qui md, tinh chit cua l l T i t Ipn nhit ndy p Viet Nam - Cdc bydc - cdc cdng viec chuIn bj vd cung Id nhO'ng phong tuc ddn Tit, dn T i t , vui chpl ngdy T i t vd nguin gde, y nghTa cua nd: sdm T i t ; sira sang, bdy bien ban thp vd dp thd, d l l l ; trang tri hpa dac, cdy quit, cdy mai d l chpi T i t , n g l m t i t ; bdy mam ngO qua tren bdn thp T h i n linh vd gia tien; gdi bdnh chyng va Idm bdnh ddy d l cung l l vd an T i t - Lien he vdl tin ngy&ng thd than, thd cimg tc tien: trinh bdy cdc nghi l l thyc NGUYEN THI NGUYET - NQI DUNG VA PHLfQNG PHAP DAY hien trpng djp T i t ty ngudn gde, hinh thirc bleu hien d i n y nghTa, gid trj van hda (nhy trdng cdy neu T i t dng Tdo, cung t i t nien, l l T i t , bilu qua T i t , ciing giao thira, l l d i n , chua, milu, hdi lpc; cung l l gia t h i n vd gia tien ba ngdy T i t ; l l hda vdng) - Glal thich nhtrng tuc le khdc, nhy tyc xcng nha, xdng dat; mirng tupl vd chuc T i t ; x u i t hdnh d i u nam; ngudn glc, cdch thirc bilu hien, y nghTa cua cdc tuc le - Ndi v l nhu'ng dilu kieng ky: nhu'ng viec khdng dypc lam djp T i t , gial thich nguyen nhdn - Am thyc ngdy T i t : ddc dilm, y nghTa vd gid tri vdn hda cua cac mdn an truyin thing - Lien he vpi van hpc ddn gian: gidi thieu mpt s l truyin thuylt v l phpng tuc T i t nhy: Sw tich dng dau rau (giai thich tuc thp Thp Cdng), Sw tich ciy neu Tit (gial thich phcng tuc cay neu), Sw tich banh chwng banh diy (gial thich phong tuc gdi bdnh chyng, lam bdnh ddy vd cimg l l gia tien ngdy tit) Phdn tich y nghTa vd gid tri vdn hda ciia cdc truyin thuylt ndy - Mdt sd net ddc tryng T i t Nguyen Dan p ba miln Bac - Trung - Nam - Phcng tuc T i t Viet Nam trcng xa hdi hien dai: nhyng yeu td truyen thing dypc glu' gin nhy t h i nap? Cd them net gl mdi hay sy biln dpi vdn hda the hien treng phpng tuc T i t nhy t h i nao? 2) Chil diem 2: Mdt sd phong tuc Tit cua cac dan tdc a Viet Nam D P dilu kien dja hinh hau khdc giO'a cac viing nen thdi gian thu hcach miia mdng cua nhilu tdc ngydi tren d i t nypc Viet Nam khdng gidng Chinh vl vdy, thdi gian ddn nam mdi khdng n h i t thilt phai Id ngdy ddu tien cua nam mdi Nhilu tpc ngydi an t i t vdp khpang thdi gian giong ngypi Kinh, nhy ngydi Tdy, Nung, Thdi Nhyng ngypi Cham, Khmer an T i t vdp giya ndm; ngypl E Oe, Kptu dn t i t vdp c u l l ndm; ngypi Mdng vira an T i t rieng cua minh vdc ddu thdng 12 vu'a an T i t chung ciing ca nydc L l hdi ndi chung va l l Tet ddn ndm mdi ndi rieng cua cdc tpc ngypl thilu sd d i u dypc gan chat vdl chu ky san xudt ndng nghldp, vdl sy phat triln cua cdy lua VI vdy h i u h i t T i t ndm mdi cua cdc dan tpc thilu sd, ngpdi nghi l l cung dng bd to tien cdn cd nghi l l d u nypc vi nydc la y l u td quan trpng a l l vdl cay lua Phong tuc, tap quan ngdy Tet ciia cdc dan tpc thieu sd cd nhilu net chung scng cung cd nhyng net rieng Ndi dung bdi giang gldl thieu phong tuc, tap quan ngdy T i t cua ngypl Tdy, ngypi Thdi, ngypl Mdng, ngypl Cp Hp, ngypl Khmer, ngydi Chdm : Thpi gian, dac diem, cdc s i c thdi phcng tuc, l l nghi, y nghTa, gid tri van hda, ban sdc ddn toe 3) Chil diem 3: Nhirng phong tuc le let khic a Viet Nam Gidi thieu cdc l l t i t khdc vpi cdc dac d i l m v l thdi gian, ngudn g l c , y nghTa, gid tri vdn hea, cdc phong tuc l l nghi TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI s6 10*11 (242*243) 2018 Cac le T i t dypc gldl thieu nhy; T i t Khai Ha vdo ngdy bay thdng Gieng, T i t Thypng Nguyen vdo ngdy r i m thang Gieng, T i t Han Thyc vdo ngdy mdng ba thdng Ba "banh trdi bdnh chay", Tet Thanh Minh vdo thdng Ba, T i t Doan Ngp vdp mdng ndm thdng Ndm - "gilt sau bp" T i t Trung Nguyen vdp ram thdng Bay - "xd tpi vpng nhan" T i t Trung Thu vap ram thang Tam -Trung thu che tre em 4) Ngi dung cic ciu hdi thao luan hay viit bai thu hoach ci nhin vi thu hoach nhdm Cdu hdi cot Idi: Cdu 1: Tai phai to chirc l l tit? Phong tuc T i t Viet Nam the hlpn nhO'ng dac tryng gi cua vdn hda Vl?t Nam? Cau Phong tuc T i t p Viet Nam cd gl gilng vd khdc so vdl phong tuc T i t d nypc anh (chj)? Cau Mdt SP l l t i t khdc a Viet Nam cd gl gidng vd khdc vdl cdc l l t i t p nydc anh (chj)? Cdu hdi gpi mp; Cdu 4: Anh (chj) hay glal thich mpt SP khdi niem, bieu typng, tuc le trcng phong tuc T i t cua Viet Nam theo each hilu cua minh: ban thd t h i n The cdng vd gia tien; mam ngO qua; bdnh chyng bdnh day; vua B i p - thdn Tdc Cong; cay neu ngdy t i t Cau 5: Hdy glai thich nhO'ng cdu tuc ngu" sau: "Ming mgt tit cha, mdng hai tit me, mdng ba tit thif, hay "Ming mdt thi a nhi cha, ming hai nhi me, mdng ba nha thif; "Thit md, dwa hinh, ciu doi Cay neu, tring phio, binh chwng xanh" 5) Kit qui dat dwac sau hgc xong Sinh vien se: - Hieu re nhO'ng ddc tryng van hda T i t cua Viet Nam - Cd kha ndng thuylt trinh, gidl thieu vd vilt dypc v l ndi dung - gia trj van hda cua nhyng phcng tuc l l T i t GIOI THIEU MOT S PHLfONG PHAP DAY VAN HOA VIET NAM CHO NGLCai NLfOC NGOAI 3.1 Phu'o'ng phap day hoc d y a tren vdn d l (Problem based learning) Phypng phdy day hpc dd dypc dp dung d nydc ngoai (Canada, Hd Lan, My ), dypc mpt so nhdm nghien ciru v l phypng phap giang day gldl thieu p Viet Nam (xem them Le Vdn Hap, 2006; Nguyin Thdnh Hal, Phung Thiiy Phypng, Dpng Thj Bich Thuy, 2010) Phypng phdp day hpc dya tren vdn d l hydng ngydi hpc tim hilu ky v l mdt chu d l hpc tap Sinh vien nydc ngoai hpc theo phypng phdp ndy se dypc hpc nhilu hpn v l mdt chu d l chu' khdng phai chi tim nhu'ng cdu tra Idl dung cho nhO'ng cdu hdi md giang vien dya Phypng phap day hpc dya thee v i n d l chia cdc heat dpng hoc tap theo glal dean: Glai dean 1: Gidi thieu chu d l , chuIn bi cac hoat dpng vd nguin lyc c i n thilt Glal dean 2: Dypl s y hydng d i n cua giang vien, cac sinh vien thyc hien ky nang phdn tich chii d l , dya cdc cau N G U Y E N TH! NGUYET - NQI DUNG VA PHLTONG P H A P DAY hel va gia thiet d i u tien, phdn chia nhl?m vu chp cdc thdnh vien nhdm Glal dpan 3: Cdc thdnh vidn lam viec dpc lap thee nhiem vy da dypc phan chia; tcng k i t , bae cdc k i t qua lam viec theo nhdm, thao ludn trpng nhdm Glal dpan 4: V i l t thu hpach cd nhdn hoac yeu c l u sinh vien trinh bdy k i t qua hpc tap dydi hinh thirc mpt chu d l hay de tdi Phypng phdp giup cdc sinh vien nypc ngodi vira nam dypc kiln thirc mdi, vira n i m dypc phypng phdp tilp nhdn k i l n thirc dd, phdt trien ty sdng tao, khd nang giao tilp, phdt triln nang lyc thich irng vdl dpi s i n g xd hpi, gial quylt cdc vdn d l sinh p mpt nypc cd ngdn ngtr vd n i n van hda khdc vdi mdi trypng sdng trypc ddy cua minh Viec thao luan nhdm Id bat budc ddl vpi tdt ca cdc cd nhan, nc khdng nhtrng giup hpc vien phdt triln dypc kha nang giao tilp va cdc ky ndng xd hpi, md cdn phdt triln dypc qua trinh nhdn thirc (dpc hilu, phan tich, ddnh gid ) VI du giang day v l phpng tuc thd cung tc tien cua ngypi Viet, sinh vien se vilt bdi thu hcach phan tich cp sd ddi ciia phong tuc, ban chit, cac hinh thyc thd cung to tien cua ngydi Viet, ddng thpi lien he vdl nydc minh Ce nhu'ng nypc cd n i n van hda typng ddng cung cd phong tuc ndy nhy Trung Qudc, Hdn Quoe, Nhdt Ban Cd nhtrng nypc khdng cd phong tuc ndy nhy An Op, My VI vdy, cac sinh vidn cd the phat triln ty sang tgc cua minh trinh bay, phdn tich chu d l ndy 3.2 Phircng phdp day hpc theo nhdm (Group based Learning) Chiing tci da dp dung phypng phdp hpat ddng nhdm va thu dypc hieu qua cap Cac sinh vien tham gia Idp mdn hpc se d y p c chia tirng nhdm nhd (3- ngypl mdt nhdm, tiiy theo so lypng sinh vien ldp) Trong suit qud trinh tham gia ldp mdn hpc, cdc nhdm se nhan nhiem vu theo sy phdn cdng cua giang vien hay giang vien dya cac nhiem vu rdi to chirc cho cdc nhdm bat thdm Nhdm trypng se phdn cdng nhiem vy cy t h i che tirng thdnh vien Cdc vien d i u phai lam viec chu ddng, tich eye, phai hcdn phln viec cua minh d l khdng anh hypng d i n t i l n dp vd k i t qua lam viec ciia nhdm Nhin chung, sinh vien nydc ngcai d i u thich hoat dpng nhdm, nen d i u nang ddng, phdm chi vd hodn thdnh t i t nhiem vy eua minh Cdc nhdm hoat dpng r i t khpa hpc, hieu qua va s y hpp tac giO'a cac vien da chp cac san p h i m khca hpc hay ccng trinh thu hcach nhdm thdnh ccng O i n thuylt trinh nhdm, cac nhdm dypng nhy cd sy canh tranh vdi vd quylt tdm trinh bdy that tdt, that I n typng Vdi phypng phap day hpc theo nhdm, chiing tdi nhan t h i y cac sinh vien nydc ngoai hoat dpng nhdm cd phdn hieu qua hpn sc vdi sinh vien Viet Nam Ca le hp dd thdnh thyc vdi phypng phdp hpc tU' ccn hpc TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI s6 10*11 (242*243)2018 a trpng nydc Ngay nhan dypc nhiem vu, hp da cd sy phan ceng rit linh hoat, hp bilt cdch thu thdp thdng tin tir cdc ngudn rat nhanh vd chinh xac, hp b i l t trinh bay ppwer ppint rat khpa hpc va thuylt phuc C u l l cung chi cdn p h l n thuylt trinh bang tilng Viet cho thodt khdi van ban va trdi chay Id cac sinh vien chii y nhilu nhat Khi cd mpt nhdm len thuylt trinh, cdc nhdm cdn lai deu chdm chu lang nghe, phln neu cdu hdi vd thao ludn cOng rdt sol noi Phypng phap day hpc thep nhdm giup sinh vien nypc ngodi phat huy dypc tinh ndng dpng, ham hpc hdi vd kha nang Idm viec theo nhdm cua hp Chdng han, giang day phpng tuc tap qudn Viet Nam chp sinh vien nypc ngedl, chung tdi dd dya nhyng nhiem vy chp sinh vien hpat dpng thee nhdm nhy: thuylt trinh v l nhyng phpng tuc ciia cdc ddn tdc khdc p Viet Nam; phong tyc cypl xin cua ngypi Viet t y truyin thing d i n hien dai; sp sdnh sy gilng vd khdc gltra phcng tyc ciia Viet Nam vd nypc ban; phan tich nhyng gid tri vdn hda, gid trj tham my ciia cdc phcng tyc d Viet Nam Cdc sinh vien dd xdy dyng nhu'ng ban thuylt trinh r i t d i y du, chi h i t v l npl dung va ccn cd ca hinh anh minh hea sinh dpng 3.3 Phycrng phdp day hoc typng tdc (Interactive method) "Ddy la phypng phdp dypng dai dang dypc dp dung trcng hdu h i t cdc n i n gido dye" vd dypc dp dung trcng mpt sd ngdnh ddp tap p Viet Nam nhy Thich Nguyen Oat (2012) da gidi thieu trcng bdi vilt Phwang phap giang day vi hgc tip tai Hgc viin Phit giio Vigt Nam Theo James H Strange, cuon chuyen khao cua E Shellard & N Protheroe (2000) vpi nhan d l Effective Teaching: How we Know It When we See It (The Informed Educator Series Arilngton, VA: EducatlonI Research Service), tdc gia da nghien ciru v l van d l giang day: scan bai; k i t hpp cdc phypng phdp giang day; s y da dang v l bdi giang vd phpng cdch giang day mang tinh typng tac Trong dd ddnh gid cao vai trd cua phypng phdp giang day typng tdc: "Nhtrng gidp vien cd phypng phdp giang day mang tinh typng tdc thypng cd thdnh tich t i t hpn nhO'ng gidp vien khdng quan tdm vd ddnh it thdi gian xem lai thpng tin dd qua cua hpc sinh Sy phdt triln mot dpi ngu gidp vien c h i t lypng cac cc mpt y l u td chinh Id nhO'ng gido vien biet dp dyng cdc phypng phap giang day mang tinh typng tdc" (Strcnge, 2011 183) Phypng phdp day hgc twang tic phdt huy tinh chu dpng hpp tdc giya giang vien vd sinh vien, tao nen sy thdn thien giya t h i y vd trd thdng qua viec tang cypng trac del, hpc hdi qua lai, typng tdc gltra ngypi truyin dat kiln thirc va ngypi tilp thu kiln thyc Giang vien truyin dat nhtrng kiln thirc n i n , kiln thirc cp ban hay cac kiln thirc trpng tdm, gpi md nhilu v i n d l lien quan hay k i t dinh glCra cdc chu de, ddnh nhtrng khcang khdng gian NGUYEN THI NGUYET - NQI DUNG VA PHLfONG PHAP DAY d n thilt cho sinh vien phdt triln ty sdng tao, dya y typng vd lam chu nguin hpc lieu Sinh vien chu dpng tham gia vap qua trinh hpc d nhu-ng mdi trypng, hpdn canh khdc (trong ldp vd ngpdi Idp), tich eye phdt bleu y kiln, neu vdn d l tranh luan Giang vien se Id ngydi d i l u phdi, hypng ddn nhyng hpat ddng cua sinh vien Phypng phdp day hpc typng tac cung diln dypl hinh thyc hdi dap, thac ludn giya giang vien vdl tirng cd nhdn sinh vien, thao ludn vdl cdc nhdm sinh vien vd cdc hinh thyc trao doi phat sinh p mpl luc mpl npl cd giang vien vd sinh vien Nhy vdy, b l l canh hpc cua phypng phap day hpc typng tdc da dypc mp rdng Giang vien ddng vai trd typng tdc chinh giO'a sinh vien vd mdi trypng hpc Viec day hpc typng tdc cung chju anh hypng bdi cdc mdi quan he giao tilp vdl mpl ngypi xung quanh Sinh vien cd cp hpi typng tac nhilu hpn cd nhtrng ngypi khdc tham gia Cdc mdi trydng hpc ngodi ldp hpc cho phep tao cac m i l typng tdc xd hdi giup sinh vien phdt triln i l l ty linh hoat, kha ndng giao tilp, tang cydng hilu bilt vd hodn thien ban thdn Phypng phdp day hpc typng tdc trcng ldp cd the Id mpt sy gpi y, mpt cdu hci, mdt trd chpi Vi du day phcng tyc cydi xin cua ngydi Viet, cdc sinh vien neu v i n de tranh ludn ngedl kiln thirc trpng tdm nhyng lien quan d i n van d l hdn nhan, nhy; quan d i l m hdn nhdn d thdi ky hien dai nhy the nap, tai sap cdc cudc ly hdn ngdy cdng tang, v i n de trinh t i l t cua ccn gal ngdy d y p c nhin nhdn nhy t h i ndo trcng hdn nhan, t h i ndo la "song thir" trypc k i t hen Trpng trypng hpp dd giang vien nen quan tdm vd cho Idp hpc dypc thap luan va thdng qua dd, cung d p them cdc kiln thirc v l phcng tyc c y p l xin ciia ngydi Viet K^T LUAN Giang day vdn hda Viet Nam che ngydi nydc ngedl Id mpt trpng nhtrng v i n d l d n quan tam trcng giang day ndi Chung p Viet Nam Mdt chypng trinh vd phypng phap giang day khpa hpc, phil hpp se tap dilu kien d l giang vien vd sinh vien phat huy h i t kha nang cua minh viec nang cao chdt lypng dap tap Mpt trpng nhCrng thach thirc quan trpng ma ngdnh Viet Nam hod phai ddl mat Id lam t h i ndo d l cac sinh vien nydc ngcai la c l u n i l cho phdt triln xd hdi vd hdi nhdp qudc t l cua Viet Nam VI vay d n ndng cac c h i t lypng cua dpi ngO giang vien thdng qua viec del mpl, cap nhdt v l ndi dung vd phypng phdp giang day, b i t kjp cdc phypng phdp giang day tien tiln tren t h i gidl hien • TAI LIEU TRICH DAN Hoff, D.J 2003 "Large Scale Study find Poor Math Science Instrution" Educatlan V/eek 23(1) Le Van Hao (chu bien) 2006 So tay phwong phip giang day va dinh gii Trydng Dai TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 10+11 (2424-243) 2018 hpc Nha Trang Martin-Kniep, Giselle O (Le Van Canh djch) 2011 Tam doi m&i di tra gISo viBn gioi Hk Ndi: Nxb Gi^o due Vi$t Nam Nguydn Thanh Hai, PhCing Thuy Phu'p'ng, Ddng Thj Bich Thuy 2010 "Gidi thi^u mpt sd phirong phap giang dgy cai tiln giOp sinh vien hgc tap chu ddng vd trai nghidm, dgt cac chudn ddu theo CDIO" Dgi hgc Quoe gia TPHCM, Hoi thao CDIO (Conceive Design implement Operate) 2010 Strcnge, James H (Le Van Canh dich) 2011 NhQ-ng pham chatcOa ngw&i giao vien hi0u qua Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao duo Viet Nam Shellard, E & N Protheroe 2000 "Effective Teaching: How Do We Know it When we See if The Informed Educator Series Arlington, VA EducationI Research Service Thich Nguyen Dgt 2012 "Phuong phap giang day va hgc tgp tai Hoc vien Phgt giao Viet Nam" http://wwAiv.daophatngaynay.eom/vn/giao-duc/11180-Phuong-phap-giangday-va-hoc-tap-tai-cac-Hoc-vien-Phat-giao-Viet-Nam.html, truy cap 10/9/2012 ... hda tieu bilu THlfeT K^ NOI DUNG G I A N G BAY VAN HOA VIET NAM 2.1 L y a chon cac chu d§ v l noi dung van hda Viet Nam cho ngyo''i n y c ngoai Nel dung van hda Viet Nam bap ham mpl ITnh vyc cua... Viet Nam nhy; tin ngypng vd ten giao Viet Nam; dai cypng v l van hpc Viet Nam; van hda giao tilp Viet Nam; nghe thuat bleu d i l n Viet Nam; m^ thuat va k i l n true Viet Nam; am thyc Viet Nam; ... l cac v i n d l Viet Nam hpc Nghien ciru v l ndi dung vd phypng phdp giang day van hda Viet Nam chp sinh vien nydc ngodi ngdnh Viet Nam hpc, chiing tdi mudn dya d i n chp sinh vien nydc ngedl