LICH Sl/ - VAN HOA - XA HOI CHAU AU /idrli ok-j niiii j rk; im Of :)(mp -ji: PHONG TRnO DRU TRnNH CUf) GIRI CRP CONG NHRN dCRC Niroc Tir BRN PHIIT TRI€N CHRU RU HlfN NRV •'\ "'''' -•' "]-''/'^' :' '-'^'':' ':'• Nguyen Thj Que • Vien Quan he quoc te no ii' Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh ' Khdng the phu nhan mdt sy that la eae nudc tu ban phat trien (TBPT) chinh la cai ndi ma giai cap cdng nhan (GCCN) da ddi va phat trien Phong trao cdng nhan (PTCN) va cdng doan d cac nudc cd truyen thdng lau ddi nhat, tich liiy dugc nhieu kinh nghiem thyc te phong phii dau tranh de tdn tai, phat trien va hudng tdi mdt xa hdi tuong lai tdt dep - xa hdi cdng san chu nghTa Hien nay, GCCN hien dai van la lye lugng chil yeu cudc dau tranh vdi giai cap thdng tri d cac nudc TBPT Bai viet trinh bay ve ndi dung, hinh thiic dau tranh ciia GCCN d cac nudc TBPT va nhiing cudc dau tranh tieu bieu Dau tranh khuon kho che TBCN Ngay nay, d cac nudc TBCN, cac phong trao dau tranh ndi bat ciia quan chiing nhan dan lao ddng deu dien vdi nhirng yeu sach da dang, khdng phai chi vi lgi fch kinh te thuan tiiy Hg dau tranh khudn khd che TBCN: thira nhan sy bdc lot, mong mudn ban siic lao dgng, chat xam cho eg lgi PGS.TS nhat cho cdng nhan ma khdng phai thu tieu tuban : ?.,, Tir 1991 trd lai day, a Anh, Phap, Diic, cac cudc dinh cdng cua GCCN dien cang nhieu, sd dinh cdng ciing lien tuc tang len Vao dau the ky XXI, fr Dire da diln sy khdi dau cua mdt budc tien mdi ciia su phat trien dau tranh giai cap Nhilu cudc bai cdng da lien tye nd cac ITnh vyc quan trgng nhat cua nen kinh tl Diic Viec sa thai hang loat, giam manh luong va sy sut giam cac dieu kien lam viec la chit men cho sy phat triln ciia cac cude diu tranh mdt nudc ma GCCN each day vai nam da trd nen ndi tieng vi cd mdt miic song cao nhit chau Au Diic, cac phong trao dinh cdng lien tuc dien cae ITnh vyc giao thdng (may bay, xe buyt, tau), d cac b?nh vien, eac quy tilt kiem NIU vao nam 2005, tdng sd dinh cdng cua GCCN d Diic la 18 nghin ngay, nam 2006 sd la 428 nghin va nam 2007 la 580 nghin thi nam 2008, cac cudc dinh cdng tiip tuc tang len Ngay 1/11/ 2008, 30 nghin nhan vien luyen kim da dinh cdng dl ddi tang 8% luang Ngay 3/11/2008, 2.600 lao ddng cua 'J)liang trdo itau 55 tnuih cdng ty Daimler (d DUsseldorf) da tham gia Mdt dac diem ciia xa hdi Bdc Au la phong trao Cac cugc dinh cdng lien tiep khdng cd phong trao dau tranh ldn ciia dien d cdng ty Ford (d Saarlouis) Ciing GCCN nhu dinh cdng ddi tang luong bat cimg thdi gian dd, khoang 5.000 nhan chap thiet hai gay cho xa hdi va kinh te vien cua hang Audi va qudc gia nhu tai cac qudc gia Tay Au Giiia Neckarsulm) da tham gia dinh cdng Cac tu ban va lao ddng cd mdi quan he kha hai cudc dinh cdng nham vao cae yeu cau ddi nang luong, cai thien dieu kien lao ddng, hda, hiem xay xung dot tren quy md phan ddi keo dai thdi gian lao ddngl Anh: Ngay 24/4/2008, hgn 400 nghin ngudi lam cdng an luang ITnh vyc cdng da dinh dang, thoa hiep, hgp tac truyen thdng cdng dl chdng l^ij,eac chinh sach cua chinh nghiem tir lich sir va anh hudng ciia ly luan quyen Cdng dang ciia Gordon Bro'wn.! Them CNXH dan chu, he tu tudng ciia cac dang vao dd cdn cd cudc dinh cdng ciia 200 nghin nha giao Day la cudc dinh cdng d pham vi dan chil xa hdi Giai doan cudi the ky XIX nira dau the ky XX, d cac nudc Bac Au toan qudc lan daii tien ciia cac nha giao tir 21 thudng xuyen xay xung dot quy md ldn nam de ddi tdng luong trudc tinh trang tang cao eua gia ci Nhieu ngudi lao dgng lam viec cac ITnh vuc khac ciing dinh Cdng de iing hd hg Trong vdng thang (tir thang din thang 5/ 2008) 900 nhan vien giiia tu ban vdi ngudi lao ddng, cdng nhan (d Ingolstadt tuan tra bd bien va ciiu hd d bien da td chiic cudc dinh cdng ked-dai 24 gid Dau nam 2009, cdng nhSn'-cu^ nha may lgc dau ldn Dieu gan lien vdi quan niem binh ciia cac,nudc Bae Au Quan niem duge hinh tren eg sa hap thu bai bgc kinh bai cdng, gidi chii ddng cira nha may Hau qua la boat ddng kinh te bi anh hudng nghiem trgng, gay tdn that ldn ca cho tu ban va lao ddng Xung dot lam cho kinh te lam vao khiing hoang, xa hdi bat dn Tir thyc te dd, cac nudc Bac Au bat dau riit bai bgc kinh nghiem Hg nhan rang, hinh y Lindsey da dung d vitri trung tam cua mdt ilan sdng bai cdng ty phatnham chdng lai sy sa thai cdng nhan ITnh vyc Ket thiic thoa hiep, nhugng bd la can thiet de bao qua cdng nhan Lindsey da ed dugc ban 101 tim tieng ndi chung Dieu dd tranh cho cac ;viec lam, cac cdng nhan Bd Dao Nha va ben khdng bi tdn thuang, dam bao kinh te Italia giir dugc cdng viec cua rriinh^-gianh van hanh binh thudng, quyen lgi cua hai ben dugc sy dam bao rayg khdng Jtnd3^.cgag nhan dugc dam bao Tir nhan thirc nhu vay, gidi nag^e.bi;Sath^i/r ^ nyvjip tU^lA-j }\iio\] fbia! chil vd lao ddng bdt ddu hiep thuang hod irigl4 BV ovfuii 3B0 naiv ifiyji yriO'i) urin 4^ni/:,i binh tren nguyen tdc tu nguyen chdp nhdn rvif\ -.'fiT v.\\pSi n ?")C\ ifv-! 'urfrt iff ufin'J i& f ldn Tren ea sd nhiing khdi dau nhu da ,' Les ouvrier,s.,du' b.dfment au centfte:dela ilufte en Anglelerre, Soumis par Revolutionlnter le ISjuillet, 2009, http://fr.intemationalism.org ^ Les ouvriers du bdtiment au centre de la lutte en Anglelerre, Soumis par Revolutionlnter le ISjuillet, 2009, http://fr.intemationalism.org neu tren, cac nudc Bac Au da dan xac lap ve lgi ich cua cac nhdm cu dan khac tren ca sd ddi thoai binh dang, nd lye cung dugc the che quan he chinh tri giiia tu ban va ngudi lao ddng, tao dyng dugc ca sd phap ly de giai quyet tranh chap giiia tu ban vdi 56 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6 (117).2010 ngudi lao ddng Hai ben tien hanh dam phan tap the dinh ky, ky hgp ddng tap the Hgp ddng tap the la van kien quan trgng cd gia tri phap ly, hai ben phai tuan thii Ngoai trir trudng hgp, mdt hai ben vi pham hgp ddng, cdn khdng thi ngudi lao ddng khdng dugc bai cdng, gidi chu khdng dugc ddng cira nha may, sa thai lao ddng The che la nhan td quan trgng dam bao sy dn dinh tuong ddi ciia xa hdi Bac Au nhieu thap ky sau dd Ngudi lao ddng khdng sir diing hanh vi mang tinh pha hoai nhu la cdng eu, each thiic dau tranh chu yeu vdi gidi chil nira Tinh trang bai cdng va ngimg san xuat giam ban Dieu khdng chi tao ca sd chac chan cho phat trien san xuat nganh nghe va phat trien kinh te, ma edn giiip chinh phii thyc thi hang loat bien phap hihi hieu, tao tien de can thiet cho xay dung xa hdi phue lgi Viec hinh quan niem binh dang, thoa hiep hgp tac lien quan mat thiet vdi tu tudng "thoa hiep giai cap va hgp tac giai cap" cac dang dan chu xa hgi de xudng Hg nhan manh can bang tuong ddi luc lugng giai cap, chu truong tim kiem sy hgp tac giiia cac lye lugng xa hdi, thiet lap lien minh vdi cac tap doan lgi ich, dac biet la gidi lao ddng nham thuc hien ly tudng CNXH dan chil Nhieu thap ky qua, dudi anh hudng cua chinh tri thoa hiep eua eac dang dan chu xa hdi, vai trd cua Cdng doan dugc coi trgng hon, tac dyng ciia Cdng doan dugc phat huy day dii ban va phang trao Cdng doan ciing ldn manh hon d cac qudc gia khu vyc Bac Au Ty le ngudi lao ddng tham gia Cdng doan d cac nudc Bac Au cao hon ban so vdi cac nudc Tay Au, nai phong trao Cdng doan van boat ddng theo loi truyen thdng Do dac dilm nhu vay, nen mac du cd trinh van hda, tri thirc va chuyen mdn cao, nhung xet ve mat y thiie giai cap, phong trao cdng nhan d Bic Au khdng cd dugc tfnh chien dau nhu GCCN d cac khu vyc khac Myc tieu each mang cua hg khdng cdn la ddu tranh lat dd giai cdp tu sdn vd che TBCN, md chii yeu tap trung vdo ddu tranh nhdm dgt dugc nhiing thda thudn vdi gidi chit ve cdc dieu kien sdng Dieu da gay khd khan rat ldn cho boat ddng cua cac dang Cdng san d khu •vyc : ;• Tang curotig dau tranh Nghi vien Mdt nhirng each thiic dau tranh ma PTCN cac nudc TBPT dang hudng tdi dieu kien mdi la tang cudng dau tranh Nghi vien, dau tranh chinh tri tren ca sd dau tranh giai cap va van ddng quan chiing bd phieu cho cac dai bieu cdng nhan va cac luc lugng dan chu khac vao Nghi vien Bing ducmg Nghi vien, nhieu dang Cgng san (DCS) nhu: DCS Phap da gianh dugc 15/322 ghe nghi sT tai Thugng vien, 36/577 ghi tai Ha vien nuac va ghi nghi sT Lien minh Chau Au; DCS Hy Lap gianh dugc 9/300 ghe nghi sT Tir sau tinh trang khung khoang vao nhiing nam 90, da sd cac DCS va cdng nhan d Tay Au, Bic My da try viing hoac tai lap, mdt sd DCS vin cd dai biiu ciia minh chinh quyen d mdt sd dia phuang ciing nhu nghi vien cac nudc va Nghi vien Chau Au nhu cac DCS d Italia, Tay Ban Nha, Diic, Thyy Dien, Dan Mach v.v Hien nay, cac DCS d cac nudc EU dang nd lye phdi hgp boat ddng vdi va vdi cac lugng chinh tri, phong trao xa hdi khac Tai (jyitang tj