TẠP Cli CÙN6 TlMllt DEVELOPING A RESEARCH MODEL OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM’S SEAFOOD INDUSTRY BY USING THE PEST ANALYSIS • DAO HONG VAN ABSTRACT: This study is to develop a research model of the factors affecting the development of logistics activities in Vietnam’s seafood industry by using the PEST Analysis (political, economic, social and technological) This study analyzes the impacts of these following factors: policy environment, market capacity, human resources in logistics, information technology, infrastructure and equipment, integration, and future prospects of logistics in the seafood industry on the development of logistics activities in Vietnam’s seafood industry This study’s conclusions are expected to help policymakers to cary out policies on improving logistics activities in the seafood industry in Vietnam Keywords: logistics development, seafood industry, PEST analysis Developing logistics in the seafood industry, Introduction be therefore, can be considered a tool for Vietnam's considered a strong industry of Vietnam in the global market, its potential has not been fully economic growth This study builds a model of Although the seafood industry can exploited yet In particular, Vietnam has a coastline factors affecting logistics development in Vietnam's seafood industry, which is helpful for of more than 3.200 km with many islands, gulfs and decision makers to improve the effectiveness of ten thousand hectares of inland lagoons, ponds and commercial activities relating to seafood lakes Vietnam’s sea is located at the intersection of the main fishing grounds, so it is considered to have a large and abundant seafood resources Literature review There are many studies related to logistics and and seafood industry in the world, but the works combining these two contents in the same topic and aquaculture in all saline, fresh and brackish water areas The exclusive maritime economic zone of about million km2 brings 1.2-1.4 million tons of seafood every year delve into the research on "logistics development in the seafood industry” have net popular yet Here are some studies relating to logistics in the seafood industry: Vietnam has strengths in 172 SỐ 17-Tháng 7/2021 exploiting QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ M.A Rimmer and B Franklin (1997) published the study named "Development of Live Fish Transport Techniques" This research was conducted in Australia This report provides and analyzes in detail the different aspects of shipping fresh fish However, keeping the fresh fish quality from the sea to the mainland during transportation poses a big problem The main effects of water quality encountered by fish during transport are low dissolved oxygen concentrations due to respiratory oxygen consumption; accumulation of carbon dioxide from respiration; decrease in pH due to carbon dioxide accumulation; and an increase in ammonia concentration due to ammonia excretion, in which an experiment examined different water quality and the results indicated that carbon dioxide accumulation was the main limiting factor affecting fish life during transport of alive fish High levels of carbon dioxide cause hypercapnia and narcotize, and eventually kill fish The study goes into this issue and finds solutions that help Australia overcome these problems The greatest success of this study is to devise and evaluate Australian methods of transporting and preserving seafood products while implementing supply chains in the market Alastair Iles (2006) published the study named "Making the seafood industry more sustainable: creating production chain transparency and accountability" The seafood sector has been experimenting with market-based approaches in the US and Europe since the mid-1990s These include consumer campaigns and Marine Stewardship Council’s certifications Such consumption strategies have made progress but need to focus more on production and consumption This article argues that seafood producers may be more responsible for their production impacts through a production chain perspective, making producers more transparent and creating chain pressure, manufacturing Lynda Haughney (2018) published the study named "Logistics Issues in Scotland's Aquaculture Industry" in HITRANS and HIE's FISH’N'TRIPS Science Project The study explores ways to identify empirical evidence for the problems of transport and logistics faced by the Scottish aquaculture industry, and especially where these problems may hinder future growth The author sought to take a holistic view of the entire industry, but also to identify those issues related to specific parts of aquaculture production, or is related to specific regions of Scotland The purpose of the study’s interview is to delve into the current and future routes and flows of inputs and outputs in aquaculture production processes, and also to discover problems and limitations now and in the future Methodology 3.1 Data collection method EFA factor analysis is applicable only when the size of the samples is at least times the total number of observed variables (Hair et al, 2018) The study has 33 observed variables, so the minimum number of samples is 165 For multivariate regression analysis, the minimum sample size is calculated by the formula of 50 + X m (m: number of independent variables) (Tabachnick and Fidell, 1996) The study has independent variables, so the minimum sample size is 98 Thus, in order to identify the factors affecting the development of logistics in the seafood industry, the study conducted in-depth interviews and structured questionnaire surveys for aquaculture businesses The number of votes collected was 500, of which 483 were enough information to be used for analysis (96.6%) The questionnaire is designed with closedended questions to ask businesses to evaluate the current status of logistics development in the seafood industry Ratings using the Likert scale with levels, from = strongly disagree to = strongly agree 3.2 Model building basis The author has built a set of criteria to evaluate the development of logistics in the seafood industry by using PEST Analysis, including: (1) Policy environment factors; (2) Market capacity factors; (3) Logistics human resources; (4) Information technology factors; (5) Infrastructures and equipment factors; (6) Integration factors; and (7) Future perspective of logistics in the seafood industry factors Results and discussion 4.1 Sample description statistics From 500 questionnaire samples, the author collected 483 valid responses, in which were So 17 - Tháng 7/2021 173 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THƯƠNG invalid, 10 were incomplete, the remaining rated at the same level The results are classified according to the following criteria: - Gender: Male 37.27%, Female: 62.73% - Age: From 25 to 35: 24.63%, From 35 to 45: 38.71%, From 45 to 55: 32.72%, Others: 4.06% - Area: North: 29.39%, Middle: 30.86%, South: 39.75% - The type of cooperationg company: 1PL: 32.5%, 2PL: 45.34%, 3PL: 22.13%, 4PL & 5PL: 0% 1 Policy environment factors The analysis of the policy environment factors shows that the observed variable has a low average value and not much difference, namely: the observed variable on "There are many preferential policies for investment and market access for logistics in the seafood industry - MTCS2” has the lowest value among the factors, which is 4.3424 Its minimum value is and maximum value is The average value of MTCS2 is neutral, showing that there are currently not many preferential policies for logistics in seafood businesses Therefore, in the near future, the government should encourage investment in logistics in seafood market in order to promote the industry In contrast, the observed variable "Simplifying the import and export paperwork and electronic customs procedures to develop better logistics services - MTCS5" has the highest average evaluation value (4.6617) However, this value is not really high, just passing the neutral threshold a little, which shows that despite great efforts in simplifying import and export paperwork, and customs procedures, the government still needs to complete the paperwork declaration policy 4.1.2 Market capacity factors The analysis of the factor "market capacity" shows that the observed variable of "The market is increasingly expanding due to international economic integration - DLTT2" has the highest average value (5.3424), with the minimum value is and the maximum value is Currently Vietnam is increasingly strengthening the country’s international cooperation, thereby expanding Table Assessment of policy environment factors Fundamental factors Number of standard Min Max Average 483 2.00 6.00 44024 0.83702 There are many preferential policies for investment and market access for logistics in the seafood industry 483 1.00 6.00 4.3424 0.69840 Transparency of state management policies on logistics in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 4.5710 0.76457 The impact of tax policies and tax incentives on logistics development in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 4.4201 0.92031 483 1.00 7.00 4.6617 0.74183 The impact of credit policies and interest rates on the development of logistics in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 4.5232 0.82349 During the operation, the local government always supports logistics businesses in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 4213 0.63418 The impact of the government's policy on trade development and goods circulation management on logistics development observations deviation in the seafood industry Simplify import and export and electronic customs procedures to develop logistics service quality _ I Source: Author’s analysis from survey results 174 So 17 - Tháng 7/2021 QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ Table Assessment of market capacity factors Fundamental factors Number of observations Min Max Average Standard deviation Your business always has a relatively large minimum number of orders during its operation 483 1.00 6.00 4.5024 0.83702 The market is increasingly expanding due to international economic integration 483 2.00 7.00 5.4324 0.69840 Enterprises also provide logistics services directly to foreign markets 483 1.00 7.00 4.4710 0.76457 Your businesses must always operate to the fullest capacity to meet the requirements of the market 483 1.00 7.00 4.6201 0.92031 The logistics capacity of your business has met the market demand 483 1.00 7.00 4.3617 0.74183 Source: Author's analysis from survey results opportunities for domestic businesses to seek and expand This leads to an expansion in logistics services in Vietnam's seafood industry Therefore, the average value of this observed variable is also understandable In fact, for the export market, the seafood industry has set an export target for 2019 of USD 3.5 billion, which is equivalent to an increase of 17%; export target to EU is USD 420 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 8% Exports to other markets such as Japan, Korea, and the USA are forecast to increase sharply Specifically, exports to Japan are expected to reach us$ 900 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 27%; South Korea market is expected to reach us$ 600 million, up 27% over the previous year; the US market reached us$ 480 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 10%; ASEAN is expected to reach us$ 480 million, which is equivalent to an increase of 18% However, the observed variable "The logistics capacity of your business has met the market demand_DLTT5” has the lowest value, which indicates that logistics enterprises' capacity has not yet met the needs This is a matter of concern when Vietnam integrates internationally and participates in the global market If Vietnam's logistics enterprises not have good strategies to improve their service capacity, they will lose their domestic market and cannot participate in the international market 4.].3 Logistics human resources factors The analysis of the "logistics human resources" factors shows that the observed variable of "Whether the employee's professional qualifications or skills meet the customers' needs NNL1" has the lowest average value (4.2129), with minimum value is and maximum value is The fact shows that the current human resources working in logistics services in the seafood industry are mainly vocational trained or only be trained through working process The rate of staff with professional skills is limited Therefore, training human resources should be a special priority in the strategies of developing logistics services On the other hand, the factor "Employees always show a warm and enthusiastic professional working attitude - NNL2" is rated quite good (at 5.3796), which shows the enthusiasm and love for the job of logistics staff in the seafood industry 4.1.4 Information technology factors The analysis of the Information technology factors shows that the observed variable "Enterprises' information about customers who use logistics services is accurate and updated - CNTT5" has the lowest average value at 3.6842 This shows that the application of technology in searching for SỐ 17 - Tháng 7/2021 175 TẠP CHÍ CÔNG THƯƠNG Table Assessment of logistics human resources Number of Fundamental factors Whether the employee's professional qualifications or skills meet the customers' needs observations 483 Min Max Average 1.00 6.00 4.2129 Standard deviation 0.61569 Employees always have a professional and enthusiastic professional working attitude 483 2.00 7.00 5.3796 0.86200 Employees always have the opportunities to participate in joint training programs between domestic and foreign enterprises 483 1.00 7.00 4.6043 0.86260 483 1.00 6.00 4.3192 0.72931 483 2.00 7.00 4.5372 0.86260 Employees of businesses are always able to communicate in foreign languages Your enterprises can always recruit good logistics managers easily ■ Service speed of employees is on time and meets requirements of customers Employees are always capable of acquiring and applying machinery technology 483 1.00 7.00 4.4197 0.72931 483 1.00 7.00 4.5329 0.94362 Source: Author’s analysis from survey results Table Assessment of information technology factors Number of Fundamental factors Your enterprises apply information technology well in logistics services in the seafood industry Customers can easily track the status of goods after sending via software With the support of information technology software, your work is solved more quickly and more effectively Investment promotion activities help businesses to approach customers more easily Standard Min Max Average 483 1.00 7.00 4.2619 0.99253 483 1.00 7.00 4.0082 0.79719 483 2.00 7.00 4.4753 0.86447 483 1.00 7.00 4.2936 0.69274 3.6842 0.72543 observations deviation -4 - Enterprises’ information about customers who use logistics services is accurate and updated l_ I 483 1.00 7.00 J Source: Author's analysis from survey results customers’ information has not been developed In fact, logistics enterprises not have a list of potential customers, as well as technology to find new customers This explains why they cannot optimize the means of transportation, leading to the 176 SỐ 17-Tháng 7/2021 phenomenon that many cars only cany one-way goods, which create high costs In contrast, the observed variable "With the support of information technology software, your work is solved more quickly and more effectively - QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ CNTT3" has the highest average value, at 4.4753 This shows that when logistics businesses in the seafood industry apply software, it will help to Í olve the job more conveniently and quickly For example, enterprises can process, check and track heir orders easier However, the number of mterprises applying software to monitor the process of circulation and cold storage is not much In fact, the application of information technology in business activities of Vietnamese enterprises is still far behind the international level Website construction is an instance, most of the websites of Vietnamese enterprises only introduce themselves, but not provide utilities and interactions that customers really need, such as tools to track orders, shipping schedules, or documents Therefore, websites of Vietnamese logistics companies are not highly appreciated by shippers when choosing their logistics service provider 4.1.5 Infrastructures and equipmentfactors The analysis of the infrastructures and equipment factors shows that the observed variable "The synchronization of infrastructures in seafood product shipping - HTTB3" has the lowest average value at 3.9867, with the minimum value and the maximum value is The fact shows that the lack of uniformity is most noticeable between the seaport and the road, railway and after-service support system Besides, there is a lack of logistics centers with convenient locations in each key economic region In contrast, the observed variable “The company's transport means is equipped with suitable equipment to seafood products such as: refrigeration container, cold storage - HTTB1 ” has the highest average value at 4.3183 This value, however, is not high, which shows that although the means of transport are equipped fully, the quality of equipment and the level of conformity with the characteristics of seafood products is not high A survey by the Marine Research Institute shows that there is a lack of deep-freezing warehouses to store seafood, and commercial cold storage with large capacity is mostly concentrated in the Southeast region (Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong) In areas where there is a need for key aquatic product reserves such as An Giang, Dong Thap, Ca Mau, Kien Giang and Ben Tre Provinces, there is not enough warehouse Areas such as Saigon Port and Hai Phong Port not have a bonded cold storage for import and export of seafood and vegetables A system of standard cold storage Table Assessment of infrastructures and equipment factors Fundamental factors Transportation means of the company is equipped with the most suitable equipment for seafood items such as cold containers, Number of Standard Min Max Average 483 1.00 7.00 4.3183 0.84437 483 2.00 7.00 4.2437 0.61715 483 1.00 7.00 3.9867 0.76524 483 1.00 7.00 4.1002 0.56831 483 1.00 7.00 4.2132 0.83428 483 1.00 7.00 4.1793 0.79532 observations deviation cold storage, etc The company's cold supply chain meets the seafood quality standard requirements The synchronization of infrastructures in transporting seafood product shipping The system of the road connecting to the fish seaports has not been properly invested The port locations are convenient for cargo transportation Planning ground for logistics development (Logistics center, warehousing, etc.) Source: Author’s analysis from survey results SỐ 17-Tháng 7/2021 177 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THƯƠNG Table Assessment of integration factors Fundamental factors Number of observations The trend of using outsourced logistics services of seafood processing enterprises is increasing 483 Min Max Average 1.00 7.00 5.2473 Standard deviation 0.77245 The development of foreign logistics enterprises affects the development of domestic logistics enterprises in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 5.6645 0.62914 The participation of Vietnam in international trade agreements and organizations has affected the development of logistics in the seafood industry 483 1.00 7.00 5.7295 0.80136 Competition in logistics in the seafood industry will be increasingly fierce 483 1.00 7.00 5.4271 0.50136 Source: Author’s analysis from survey results systems has not yet been established to serve distribution in large commercial and urban centers throughout the country There is no system of bonded cold storage located in big consumer markets such as the EU, the US, and Japan Regarding technology, there are many cold storages with old equipment and management method, and unqualified temperatures affecting the products of businesses 4.Ỉ.6 Integration factors The results of the integration factor analysis show that the observed variable of "Participation in Trade Agreements and International Organizations has impacted on the development of logistics in the seafood industry - HN3" has the highest average value among the factors, at 5.7295, with the minimum value is and the maximum value is The fact shows that, when participating in the international agreements and organizations, Vietnamese seafood products have more opportunities to enter the international market deeply and widely, which in turn push logistics in the seafood industry For example, the WTO Agreement is gradually removing restrictions on FDI in Vietnamese logistics This leads to more international logistics enterprises to enter Vietnamese market, more joint venture between international and domestic companies, and more consolidation service providers Therefore 178 SỐ 17-Tháng 7/2021 Vietnamese logistics in the seafood industry begins to mature and can offer complex services Along with that, the factor "The trend of using outsourced logistics services of seafood processing enterprises is increasing - HN1" is rated at the lowest level of 5.243, but this value compared to other factor groups is quite high This shows that the demand for logistics services of seafood processing enterprises is increasing This is also consistent with the fact that when integrating, seafood products are not only sold in the domestic market, but the international market is also increasingly expanding Therefore, Vietnamese logistics is requiring more complex logistics processes, and highly specialized businesses in logistics in the seafood industry in order to meet the needs of seafood businesses and consumers in the world market 4.1.7 Future perspective of logistics in the seafood industryfactors The analysis of the future perspective of logistics in the seafood industry factors shows that the observed variable of "The prices of logistics services in the seafood industry are suitable - PT1" has the lowest average value at 3.2473, with the minimum value is and the maximum value is In fact, Vietnam's logistics costs in the seafood industry are at a very high level According to the leaders of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the QUẢN TRỊ - QUẢN LÝ Table Assessment of future perspective of logistics in the seafood industry factors Fundamental factors The prices of logistics services in the seafood industry are suitable The supply capacity of your business satisfies the needs of your customers Does your company continue to plan to open a new scale or logistics branch? Your business is regionally and internationally competitive Activities of providing logistics services in the seafood industry on a national scale have developed Logistics supplying services in the seafood industry will thrive Number of Standard Min Max Average 483 1.00 5.00 3.2473 0.77245 483 1.00 7.00 4.6645 0.62914 483 1.00 7.00 4.7295 0.80136 483 1.00 7.00 4.4271 0.50136 483 1.00 7.00 4.7295 0.91420 483 1.00 7.00 5.0271 0.63215 observations deviation Source: Author’s analysis from survey results cost of transporting a shrimp from the Mekong Delta to the northern border of Vietnam is higher than from Ecuador to Vietnam Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Tran Quoc Khanh said that in developed countries, logistics costs only account for 10 - 20% of GDP while in Vietnam, these costs can reach over 20% of GDP According to the leaders of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the reason is that the logistics system has not been developed equally in all localities and only concentrated in big cities such as Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City while in many places such as the Mekong Delta, which is considered the largest granary and seafood in the country, this service is underdeveloped However, the “Logistics supplying services in the seafood industry will thrive - PT6" is highly appreciated with its average value is 5.0271 This shows that businesses highly appreciate the opportunity for the development of Vietnam's logistics in the seafood industry In fact, Vietnamese logistics in the seafood industry has opportunities to de\elop due to an increase in domestic supply as well as domestic and international demand Conclusions - Policy environment factors: Not many policies affect the development of logistics in the seafood industry, and the paperwork processes need to be improved; - Market capacity factors: The market is increasingly expanding but our business’ capacity has not met the demand yet; - Logistics human resources factors: Lack of professional staff but the enthusiasm and love for the job is quite high; Information technology factors: The application of technology in searching for customers’ information has not been developed but the appliance of software helps to solve the job more conveniently and quickly; - Infrastructures and equipment factors: the lack of uniformity is most noticeable between the seaport and the road, railway and after-service support system; - Integration factors: when participating in the international agreements and organizations, Vietnamese seafood products have more opportunities to enter the international market deeply and widely ■ So 17 - Tháng 7/2021 179 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THIÍDNG REFERENCES: Alastair Iles (2006) Making the seafood industry more sustainable: creating production chain transparency and accountability Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(6), 577-589 Bạch Huệ (2019), 3,5 tỷ USD xuất hải sản 'thẻ vàng' EU, , accessed 10 December 2020 Joseph F Hair JR., William c Black, Barry J Babin et al (2018) Multivariate data analysis Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Lynda Haughney (2018) The logistics issues faced by the Scottish aquaculture industry FISH’N'TRIPS Science Project M.A Rimmer and B Franklin (1997) Development of Live Fish Transport Techniques FRDC Projects, 93, 184 - 185 Minh Tri (2016), Cơ sở hạ tầng - cản ngại cho phát triển logistics, Doanh nhân Sài Gòn online Received date: June 28,2021 Reviewed date: July 5,2021 Accepted date: July 25,2021 Author's biology MA DAO HONG VAN Lecturer, East Asia University of Technology XÂY DƯNG MỊ HÌNH CÁC NHÂN Tố ÃNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN PHÁT TRIEN logistics ngành hải sản TẠI VIỆT NAM BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH PEST • ĐÀO HỒNG VÀN Giảng viên Trường Đại học Cơng nghệ Đơng Á TĨM TẮT: Nghiên cứu nhằm xây dựng mơ hình nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam việc sử dụng phương pháp phân tích P.E.S.T (chính trị, kinh tế, xã hội cơng nghệ) Nghiên cứu phân tích ảnh hưởng nhân tố, gồm môi trường sách, dung lượng thị trường, nguồn nhân lực logistics, công nghệ thông tin, sở hạ tầng thiết bị, hội nhập, viễn cảnh tương lai logistics ngành Hải sản đến phát triển hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam Các kết luận đưa nghiên cứu tảng cho việc hoạch định sách cải thiện hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam Từ khóa: phát triển logistics, ngành Hải sản phân tích PEST 180 Số 17-Tháng 7/2021 ... phát triển hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam Các kết luận đưa nghiên cứu tảng cho việc hoạch định sách cải thiện hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam Từ khóa: phát triển logistics, ... Trường Đại học Công nghệ Đơng Á TĨM TẮT: Nghiên cứu nhằm xây dựng mơ hình nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến phát triển hoạt động logistics ngành Hải sản Việt Nam việc sử dụng phương pháp phân tích P.E.S.T (chính... Lecturer, East Asia University of Technology XÂY DƯNG MỊ HÌNH CÁC NHÂN Tố ÃNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN PHÁT TRIEN logistics ngành hải sản TẠI VIỆT NAM BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHÂN TÍCH PEST • ĐÀO HỒNG VÀN Giảng viên Trường