NGHIEN CU-U - TRAO B L TV SO Gidl TINH KHI SINH CUA UIET NAIVI • NHCfKG YEU TO TAC DONG vimg cdn lai cd didu kidn kinh td - xa hdi phat tridn hon tbi TSGTKS lai cao hon Didn hinh, vimg Ddng bang sdng Hdng cd TSGTKS vao khoang 115,4 eao hon ban so vdi miie trung binh ca nude Cae vimg cdn lai cung deu ed TSGTKS cao ban so miic trung binh: vimg Ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long la 110,1; vimg Ddng Nam Bd la 110; vimg Bac Trung bd va Duyen hai midn Tnmg la 109,8 va midn Trung du va mien niii phia Bae la 108,4 Bieu 1: Ty so gidi tinh sinh cua cac viing ca ntfdc 115.4 , < 109.8 ^^^fy sd gidi tinh sinh (TSGTKS) duge \ M tinh bang sd tre em trai sinh trdn 100 C - ^ tre em gai, da tang dan 25 nam qua d mdt sd qude gia chau A, dac bidt la Trung Qudc va An Do, dat miic trdn 125 hoac 130 Hien tugng mit can bang gidi tinh sinh da va dang didn d Viet Nam tir nhung nam dau the ky 21, dac bidt bat diu tang nhanh tu nam 2004 Theo sd lieu tu cudc TDT DSNO 2009, miic TSGTKS eua Viet Nam la 110,6 cao hon dang kd so vdi miic chuin sinh hgc binh thudng la 105 Ndu nhu ty sd trdn tidp tuc tri se dan tdi tinh trang dao ldn CO eau gidi tinh ciia dan sd trudng va nhiing thay ddi ldn chirc nang co eau eua gia dinh phu he, tham chi dan tdi nhung tac ddng tidu cue tdi he thdng dao diic xa hdi Sd lieu didu tra cdn cho thay sir khac bidt cua TSGTKS theo viing trdn ca nude Tay Nguyen la vimg cd mat dp dan sd va trinh dp phat tridn thap hon cac viing khac nhung TSGTKS thip nhit 105,6, tuong duang vdi miic sinh hpc binh thudng Trong ^ 24 CON 'S?KIEN / 1 • 110 110.1 Dong Nam Bp Dong bSng song Ciiu Long f05.6 Trung du & mien nui phfa BSc €)6ng being sdng Hong -^ BSc Trung bp& duy^n heii mien Trung J Tay nguyen (Nguon: So lieu TDT Ddn sd vd Nhd a 2009) O cap qude gia khdng cd su khac bidt nao dang kd vd TSGTKS giua khu vuc ndng thdn (110,6) va thi (110,7) Day la mdt kdt qua bat ngd vi su khac bidt giiia ndng thdn va thi la mdt dac diem quan trpng cua hien tugng mat can bang gidi tinh sinh d cac qudc gia chau A khac Vi du nhu, cu dan dd thi thudng cd didu kidn tidp can vdi cdng nghe lua ehpn gidi tinh hien dai ban cac nhdm dan cu khac, mong mudn sinh eon trai lai manh me ban so vdi ndng dan d cac khu vuc ndng thdn Tuy nhidn nhung phan tieb sau eho thiy biic tranh vd TSGTKS d Viet Nam ed diu hieu phiic tap hon TSGTKS d khu vuc ndng thdn ciia cac tinh phia Bac cao hon bin so vdi khu vuc thi, thd din den TSGTKS d khu vuc ndng thdn thudc bau hien ro ret nhit d viing Ddng bing sdng Hdng vdi hdt cae viing cdn lai ca nude ddu cao so vdi TSGTKS d ndng thdn la 117,1 so vdi miic 111,6 d miie trung binh Tuy nhien, khu vuc ndng thdn d tbi Su khac biet vd TSGTKS giiia khu vuc cac viing phia Nam, dac bidt la vimg Ddng bang thi va ndng thdn cung didn d viing BIC sdng Ciru Long, ngudi dan it bi ap luc bdi quan Trung bd va Duydn hai midn Trung (105,9 d thanb niem thd ciing, didu kien tiep can vdi cac dich vu thi va 111,1 d ndng thdn) Nguge lai d nhung viing y td hien dai eung bi ban chd dieu kien kinh td, khac, TSGTKS d Idiu vuc thi lai cao hon d khu dia ly Do vay, vide thue hien hanh vi lua chgn VUC ndng thdn Ddng bing sdng Cuu Long la vimg gidi tinh trudc sinh d day khdng phd bidn dan tdi cd TSGTKS d khu vuc thi cao nhit ca nude, d TSGTKS khu vuc ndng thdn thap ban so khu vuc miie 113,8, d ndng thdn ebi d miic 109,1 thi Tay Nguyen la viing cd TSGTKS khu Cdn TSGTKS phan tbeo khu vuc thi va ndng vuc ndng thdn thap nbat ea nude (105,1), tuong thdn d vimg Ddng Nam bd la 111,8 va 107,9; viing duong vdi miic sinb hgc binh thudng Ly giai didu Trung du va midn niii phia Bic: 112,4 va 107,8 la vimg dan cu khdng bi ap luc vd ban chd miic sinh, quan niem ngudi ndi ddi la nam Bieu 2: TSGTKS phan theo khu virc nong thon khdng pbd bien, tham chi nbidu bd phan dan tdc va thi d tung vung van tri chd dp gia dinh mau he ndn hanh vi lua 117.1 ehpn gidi tinh trude sinh khdng phd bidn Ngoai vimg Ddng bang sdng Hdng va Bic Trung bd va Duydn hai mien Trung ed TSGTKS d khu vuc ndng thdn cao ban khu vuc thi, tbi cac vimg cdn lai ea nude ddu cd TSGTKS khu vuc thi cao ban ndng thdn Qua mdt sd cudc didu tra cd the thay nguyen nhan la vin tdn tai tam ly ua thich trai, dan sd thi lai Trung du Dong being B&c Trung TSy 06ng Nam £)6ng bSng & mi^n nOi sdng Hong bo & nguyen Bo sdng CCtu chiu ap lire ban ebe miic sinb (mdi gia dinb chi ed phfa Bdc duy^n hdi Long mien con), eiing vdi didu kidn tdt hon vd kinh td - xa Tmng hdi ciing nbu kha nang tidp can cac edng ngbd, ky • Thdnh thi I Nong th6n thuat hien dai tao them ddng luc cho hp lua ehpn (Ngudn: Sd lieu TDT Ddn sd vd Nhd a 2009) gidi tinh trudc sinh Miie sinh, mdt nhimg ydu td tac ddng tdi Vay dau la nguydn nhan dan tdi hien tugng TSGTKS duge thd bidn gian tidp qua thii tu sinh, nay? Nhung nam gan day, mdt sd cudc didu tra xa tinh trang kinh td - xa hdi va giao due Miie sinh thip bdi hgc da hudng muc tieu vao khu vuc ndng thdn da lam tang nhu ciu lira ehpn gidi tinh trudc sinh b phia Bic vdn la viing trpng didm trdn ca nude cd Viet Nam, sd phu nu cd trd ldn da giam manh sd tre em trai sinb vugt trdi so vdi sd tre em gai thap ky qua va hien chidm khoang 16% tdng Va nbidu bing chiing cho thiy lua cbpn gidi tinh sd phu nii Mdt each ngiu nhien, mdi lien kdt giua trudc sinb dang didn nbidu gia dinh ndng thii tu sinh va TSGTKS da khing dinh banh vi lira thdn d midn Bic, noi ma nen van hda mang tinb cbpn gidi tinh trudc sinh TSGTKS d lin sinh thii gia pbong rd net hon cac khu vuc khac, dac bidt nhit la 110,2, d lin sinh thii bai la 109,0; va lin tbii la vimg Ddng bing sdng Hdng, vdn la noi ed didu cd TSGTKS rit cao, d miie 115,5 (ddu cao hon miic kidn kinh td xa hdi phat tridn ban so cac viing sinh hpc binh thudng) Didu cd nghla la mdt sd khac nen dai bd pban dan cu ndng thdn vin dii cap vg chdng ed thd da thue hien lua chgn gidi tinh didu kien tidp can vdi cac phuang tidn lira ehpn trudc sinh lin sinh thii nhit Day la hien gidi tinb sinh khidn TSGTKS khu vuc ndng tugng hidm duge ghi nhan d cac qudc gia khac thdn cao ban cac vimg khac Hien tugng lua chgn TSGTKS ebo lan dau eao bon nhidu so vdi miie sinh gidi tinb trudc sinh sau dd lan cac viing lan can hoc binh thudng, cho tbiy mdt tinh trang mit can S CONC® ® 09/2011 25 KIEN NGHIEN CU-U - TRAO D6L bang gidi tinh Idii sinh ciia Viet Nam tram trpng hon so vdi Trung Qudc va An Dp Va didu cd thd gay nhirng hau qua nhat dinh Cd mdi quan he kha ro rang giiia TSGTKS va tinh trang kinh te - xa hdi cua hd gia dinh Nhdm dan cu ngheo nhit ed TSGTKS d miic binh thudng, xap xi gia tri 105 Khi tmh trang kinh td - xa hdi nang ldn thi TSGTKS cung tang theo TSGTKS thip nhit d nhdm ngheo nhat va tang ldn miic 107,5 d nhdm ngheo va tdi 112,8 d nhdm tnmg binh TSGTKS d nhdm dan cu giau nhat, chiem 60% dan sd, khdng khac nhidu va xoay quanh gia tri 112 (trung binh 112,8, giau 112,7 va giau nhat 112,9) Su khac bidt rd ret vd TSGTKS giiia cac nhdm ngheo va eae nhdm giau hon cho thay mat can bang gidi tinh sinh cd lidn quan chat che vdi tinh trang ldnh te - xa hdi Xac suat sinh eon thii la khoang hon 1,5 d nhdm kinh te xa hdi thap nhat va 2,2 d nhdm kinh td xa hdi eao nhat Nd luc sinh bang duge trai chua cd eon trai cac lan sinh trudc vi thd ldn hon cac nhdm gia dinh kha gia hon Didu tac ddng rd rang den hanh vi lua chgn gidi tinh va giai thich vi lan sinh cudi cimg thudng duge trai hon gai Nhu vay, cimg vdi kha nang tai chinh tdt, kha nang tidp can sdm vdi cdng nghd hien dai tai cac co sd y td khu vuc dd thi da tac ddng dang kd ddn TSGTKS TSGTKS phan theo trinh dp giao due cua ngudi me cd sir khac biet dang chii y Ty sd tang dan tu 107,4 d nhdm phu nii khdng bidt ehii va 107,1 d nhdm cd trinh dp tidu hpc trd xudng (gan miic sinh H^ 26 CONC® SJ^J KIEN / 1 bpe binh thudng), ldn ddn 111,4 d nhdm cd trinh dp trung hoc va eudi cimg la 113,9 d nhdm cae ba me cd trinh dp cao dang trd ldn TSGTKS d nhdm phu nii dan tdc thidu sd (khdng phai ngudi Kinh) ehi d miic 105,9 Vd mat ly thuydt, phu nii cd trinh dp hpc van cao thudng it chiu anh hudng ciia cac yeu td truyen thdng nhu tam ly ua thich trai dan den hanh vi lua chgn gidi tinh trudc sinh Tuy nhidn trdn thue te, nhiing phu nu cd miic sdng cao bon, chiu ap luc vd giam miie sinh va cd didu kidn tidp can vdi cac dich vu y td hien dai, vi vay kha nang ap dung lua chgn gidi tinh eao hon Nhu vay, cd the thay giiia giao due va lua chgn gidi tinh cd mdi quan he thuan chidu Nhin vao bue tranh dan sd Viet Nam cd the thay nhung mang tdi phan anh su chdnh lech gidi tinh dang cang ro net Nguydn nhan true tiep tac ddng ddn TSGTKS cao d Viet Nam la banh vi lua chgn gidi tinh trudc sinh, ma nguydn nhan can ban cua hanh vi la quan niem truydn tbdng dd cao su ndi ddi tdng dudng cimg nhidu nguydn nhan khac nhu: ap luc giam sinh, didu kidn kinh td xa hdi, Trudc tinh trang mat can bang gidi tinh hien nay, Chinh phii can xay dung nhung chidn luge, chuong trinh can thiep cd hieu qua ngan chan sir gia tang TSGTKS xuit phat tu nhiing ydu td tac ddng den TSGTKS Thach thiic diu tidn la tim kidm nhiing can thiep cd hieu qua nham tbay ddi quan niem truydn thdng ua thich eon trai va giam thidu hanh vi lua chgn gidi tinh trudc sinh d Viet Nam./ Ngoc Linh ... 2009) gidi tinh trudc sinh Miie sinh, mdt nhimg ydu td tac ddng tdi Vay dau la nguydn nhan dan tdi hien tugng TSGTKS duge thd bidn gian tidp qua thii tu sinh, nay? Nhung nam gan day, mdt sd cudc... didn nbidu gia dinh ndng thii tu sinh va TSGTKS da khing dinh banh vi lira thdn d midn Bic, noi ma nen van hda mang tinb cbpn gidi tinh trudc sinh TSGTKS d lin sinh thii gia pbong rd net hon cac... chgn gidi tinh didu kien tidp can vdi cac phuang tidn lira ehpn trudc sinh lin sinh thii nhit Day la hien gidi tinb sinh khidn TSGTKS khu vuc ndng tugng hidm duge ghi nhan d cac qudc gia khac