Le Thi Huang T H V C TRANG HON NHAN XUYEN BIEN Gldl CUA CAC TOC NGlTca NUNG, THAI VA HMONG HAI TINH CAO BANG VA DIEN BIEN LeiHmi/GNG L TBb diu Trong bdi cdnh todn cau hda vd hpi nhdp, quan he ddn tdc xuyen qudc gia ludn nhdn dupc su quan tam cua cdc nhd nghien cuu d nhieu nudc trgn thi gidi, nhat M nhiing nudc da tdc ngudi, da vdn hda nhu Viet Nam Quan he dan tdc d day dupc thg hi?n dudi nhilu khia canh nhu an ninh chfnh tri, kinh tl, xd hdi vd van hda Bai vilt ndy dl cap din moi quan he hdn nhdn xuygn bign gidi cua cdc tdc ngudi Niing, Thdi vd Hmdng d hai tinh Cao Bing va Dien Bign Niing, Thdi vd Hmdng dlu Id nhihig dan tdc di cu sang Viet Nam tir nhigu thg ky trudc Qua qud trinh sinh sdng lau ddi, hp da trd thdnh cdng dan Viet Nam, ciing chdng giac ngoai xdm, xay dung dat nudc thdng nhdt, song van chua thi xda nhda dupc mdi quan he dan tdc qua bign gidi, dd cd quan hg hdn nhdn vdi ngudi ddng tdc d khu vyc Tdy Nam Trung Qudc va Bde Lao Tir thap ky 90 thi k^ XX, mdi quan he hdn nhan xuygn bien gidi (QHHNXBG) ciia cdc tdc ngudi Niing, Thdi, Hmdng ngdy cdng tang va cd nhirng tdc ddng hai chilu: mdt mdt, md cho cdc ddi tupng co hdi thay ddi vg ddi sdng kinh tg vd tao co hdi giao luu van hda; mat khac, cung tigm an nhung nguy CO gdy mat dn dinh ve an ninh chfnh tri, xa hdi tai dja phucmg Dgn nay, cac nhd khoa hgc nudc ta da cd nhieu nghign cifu ve hdn nhan, gia dinh cLia cdc dan tdc d Vigt Nam, nhung it chii trpng vl hdn nhdn xuygn bign gidi (HNXBG) Cd thi kl den mdt sd cdng trinh nhu: Nghi li hdn nhdn ciia ngudi Kinh d Trung Qudc (truong hop ldng Van VT, Giang Binh, Ddng Hung, Quang Tdy, Trung Qudc) cua Nguyen Thj Phuong Cham (2006) vl viec ngudi Kinh tai Van VT (Trung Quoc) Idy ngudi Kinh d Viet Nam cdch day 20 ndm; Nghi le hdn nhdn cua ngudi Nimg Chao a xd Bdo Lam, huyen Cao Lpc, tinh Lang San cua Lg Thi Hudng (2008) cho thay, tir md ciia, phat triln bien gidi vao nhifng ndm 90 ciia thi ky trudc, tinh trang kit hdn qua bien gidi gia tdng, chii ylu la phu nif Viet Nam sang Trung Qudc iiy chdng Ngoai ra, dl tai cip Bd Mpt sd vdn di ca bdn vi vdn hda phdt triin bin vimg cae tinh bien giai Viet Nam Vuong Xudn Tinh Mm chu nhiem (2012) cho ring, HNXBG vdn Id truyen thdng cua cdc ddn tpc d vung bien va van dupc tri Trong dd, cdng trinh Mdt so vdn di ca bdn vi kinh te ~ xd hpi a cdc vung bien gidi Viet Nam Bui Xuan Dinh va Nguyen Ngpc Thanh 1dm chii bign (2013) cung ndi din viec kit hdn xuyen bien gidi ciia mot bd Tgp chi Pan tpc hpc sd'4 - 2014 phan nhd cdc cd gai qud Iiia nhd thi hay ua cupc sdng nhan hodi bdo iiy chdng ngoai nhung hp lai vip vdo cam bly Ngodi ra, cung cd thi ke dgn mdt sd bdi vilt dugc ddng tren cac t^p chi, nhu Nhdn dien mpt sd vdn di tir Men tuong hdn nhdn xuyen quoc gia ciia phu nii Viet Nam bdi cdnh tdng truong kinh ti vd vdn hda - xa hpi a Chdu A ciia Pham Thanh Thdi (2006) dd cho bilt sd nO d ndng thdn ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long iiy ngudi nudc ngodi vdi quy md Idn vd phiic tap hg cd mdt d nhilu nudc (sd phu nif Viet Nam din Ddi Loan kit hdn chiem hon 70% vd tai Han Quic thdi gian 2001 - 2005 la 1.0279 ngudi, hiu hit kinh tl); Hdn nhdn xuyen qudc gia vd vdn di gido due vdn hda gia dinh ciia Dinh Vdn Qudng (2006) cho bilt, kit hdn cOa phy nif Vigt Nam vdi ngudi nudc ngodi (Ddi Loan) ngdy cdng tang, thg hien qud trinh hdi nhap; Phdn tich khia eanh van hda xa hpi hdn nhdn qudc te (tnrdng hap phu nir a ddng bdng sdng Hdng lay chdng Ddi Loan/Han Qudc) cua Lg Nguyen Doan Khdi (2013) cho thay, phan Idn cdc cupc hdn nhdn cd ylu td nudc ngoai dien theo mdt chilu vd se tiep tuc dien nhGng ndm tdi Ngodi ra, tren cdc bdo m^ng ciing cd nhieu bai vigt ve hdn nhdn xuyen qu6c gia ciia cac dan tdc d Viet Nam tir miln Bde den mien Trung, noi cd dudng bien gidi vdi Trung Qudc vd Lao Trong dd, bdi vilt ciia tdc gid Trpng Thinh tren trang mang ciia HOi Lien hiep phu nCf cdn dua dy bdo ciia cdc nhd nghign ciin ring, sd cd dau Vi^t tai nudc ngoai se gia tdng vd HNXBG Id xu hudng tit yeu hien nay' Bdi viet cOa Trpng Thinh cdn khdng dinh them http://www.hoilhpn.orp.vn/NewsDetail.asp?Catid-82 ANewsld= 17142&lang=VN nhdn djnh ciia Phan An dl tdi cap Nhd nudc "Hien tuong phu nir Viet Nam lay chdng Ddi Loan" rang Idy chdng nudc ngoai Id hien tugng tit ylu xu the hdi nhdp md chiing ta khd cd thi trdnh dupe ThiTc trang hon nhan xuySn bien gidi d" hai tinh Cao Bdng vd Dien Bien Gin ddy, rat nhilu phu nii Viet Nam lay chdng ngudi nudc ngoai, vdi nhilu ly khac Tai Cao Bang, theo Chi huy Bd ddi Bien phdng tinh, tir ndm 1990 din ndm 2009 cd khodng 1.230 phu nii d tinh ndy iiy chdng ngudi Trung Qudc; tir nam 2010 din cd hon 200 trudng hpp Trong dd, d dilm nghign ciiu la hai xa Na Sac, Van An (Hd Quang) vd Cd Mudi (Trd LTnh) chii yeu la ngudi Hmdng vd Nimg cd QHHNXBG Dac biet, chi vdng ndm nay, da cd 50 trudng hgp kit hdn xuyen bien gidi bdi nhilu nguygn nhdn, phd bign nhit Id qud Ilia vd mudn ddi ddi ciia mdt bd phan nhd phu nii Nimg, Hmdng Bgn canh dd, sd lugng ngudi ket hdn xuyen bien gidi d hai huyen Dien Bien vd Mudng Nhe cua tinh Dien Bien cung khd ddng ke Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua Chi huy Bd dpi Bien phdng, chi ndm 2010, d ddy da cd 71 trudng hgp ket hdn qua bign gidi vd hdu hgt khdng dang ky kit hdn Trong dd, cd trudng hgp Id ngudi Thai d Viet Nam lay chdng ngudi Thdi d ben Ldo; trudng hgp ngudi Thdi Viet Nam Iiy vg ngudi Thai ben Ldo; cdn lai Id 26 ngudi Hmdng Idy chdng cung dan tdc ben Ldo vd 21 trudng hgp ngudi Hmdng ben Ldo lay vg ngudi ddng tdc d Vigt Nam; mdt vdi trudng hgp Id cdc dan tpc khdc Qua khdo sdt d xa Mudng Pdn (huyen Dien Bien), sd hd ngudi Thai cd quan he hg hang d ben Ldo khd ft, d day tir trudc din Le Thj Hudng chua nhilu ngudi d hai nudc Viet - Lao kit hdn vdi Quan he hdn nhan giiia ngudi Thai, Kha-mu d xd Mudng Pdn vdi ngudi ddng tdc d cdc bdn Cang Nd, Na Ldm huyen Mudng Mdy (Ldo) hay cac ban Pa Pa, Hudi Ang, Hudi Ldi, Pdn Sdy cung thudc Mudng May bit diu xuit hien tir nam 1990 vdi so thdng kg chua day dii Id 23 trudng hgp Trong dd, ngudi cao tudi nhdt sinh nam 1932 Id dan tdc Thai, hien sdng d Ban LTnh (xa Mudng Pdn), nhung trudc dng timg sdng d bdn Pd Pa, Nd Ldm ciia Lao; ngudi tre nhit sinh nam 1992 la dan tdc Kho-mii, que d thdn Hudi Chan (xa Mudng Pdn), hien sdng d Hudi Ldi (Mudng May, Ldo) Cdn d xa Thanh Ludng (huyen Dien Bien), chu ylu ngudi Thai tir Lao sang iiy chdng My vg Qua thdng kg cd 13 trudng hgp tir cdc ban Hua Mire, Pdn Sdy, Nam Tha thu0c cdc huyen Mudng Mdy, Mudng Khoa (Lao) sang My chdng, iiy vg d cac dpi SB, 9A, 9B, 12B, 12C, 14, 15 A, 15B, Hua Pe ciia xa Thanh Ludng Ngoai ra, cdn 35 trudng hpp ngudi Thai d xa Thanh Ludng thudc cdc dpi 2A, 8D, 8C, 9A, lOB, 12A, 12C, 12B,14, I5B kit hdn vdi ngudi ddng tdc ben Ldo tai cac bdn Td Di, Sua Ludng (huyen A Lum Xay), Nen Hua, Hua Miic, Nam Ludng (Mudng May); mdt sd khdc iiy chdng tan Trung Qudc, nhung chi trudng hpp cd dja chi cu thi d Trung Qudc cac trudng hgp khac thi khdng Tai xa Thanh Ludng, ngudi tre nhit sinh nam 1990, iiy chdng Trung Qudc tir nam 2006; ngudi nhieu tudi nhit sinh nam 1963, sang Lao My chdng tir nam 1980 Phdng Tu phap huyen Dien Bien da phat hien 41 ngudi Ldo sang Viet Nam iiy chdng, lay vg tai xd Pa Thorn Trong dd, cd nhieu ngudi da cu trii dn dinh tai xd mi khdng cd giay td tiiy thdn, mOt sd khdc dd c6 ehirng minh thu vd sd hd khdu, nhung cd 32 trudng hgp chua ddng ky kit hdn NhOng ngudi chua dang k^ kit hdn Pa Thorn la xd bign gidi ngn ngudi Thdi, Lao va Kha-mii d ddy qua lai dudng bign de dang va tinh trang dd keo ddi tir lau Dilu ndy da gay khd khan cho cdng tdc ddng ky vd qudn ly hd tich ciia xa Thuc tl, nhilu ndm qua, Phdng Tu phap huyen Dien Bign da phoi hgp vdi Sd Tu phap tinh, Trung tdm trg giiip Nha nudc tinh Ban Tu phdp xd dd td chifc nhigu cudc tuyen truyin - hi vdn phap luat, van ddng nhdn dan thyc hien nghTa vu dang ky kit hdn theo quy dmh ciia phdp luat Vi?t Nam Tuy nhien,' hiu hit ngudi ddn khdng the dang ky ket hdn gdp khd khdn vin dl thii tuc, giiy td theo Dilu 69, Nghj dinh sd 68/2002/ND-CP 10/7/2002 cOa Chinh phii quy djnh chi tilt thi hdnh mdt so dilu ciia Luat Hdn nhan vd Gia dinh cd ygu td nudc ngoai (do thigu giiy td tiiy than hodc giiy xac nhan ciia co quan cd thim quyln ciia nudc hp vg tinh trang nhan than cua duang su ) Vi vay, cho din nay, Uy ban nhan ddn xa Pa Thom khdng thi gidi quylt dupe tinh trang kit hdn chui Cdng van sd 53/STP-HCTP 22/1/2013 cua Sd Tu phdp tinh Dien Bign cd neu "nhu cau ket hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai nhilu nhung ty le giai quylt thdp, dat 9/29 trudng hop " Qua kilm tra, cii tri nhdm lan giua kit hdn vd nhap qudc tich, ndm 2010 Sd Tu phdp tinh dd giai quylt vin dl ngudi cd qudc tich Ldo cu tru tai tinh Nhu vay, Phdng Tu phdp da phdi hgp vdi tinh va huyen soat ngudi khdng qudc tjch, ngudi Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc so - 2014 CO qudc tich Lao dang sdng d cac xa Qua diu tien dupc thue hien vao ndm 2010 tai do, tai xd Pa Thom vdo thdng 11/2010, huyen Dien Bien, tinh Dien Bien Theo bao Phdng Tu phap huyen da hudng dan 38 cdo cua Phdng Tu phap huyen nay, nam 2013 ngudi Lao sdng tai xa Pa Thom ldm hd so da thdng ke dugc hon 40 ngudi tir ben Ldo xin nhap qudc tjch Viet Nam, rdi lap danh den cdc xd bien gidi ciia Dien Bign Idy sdch vd giii hd so vl Sd Tu phap dl Uy ban chdng, lay vg da ldu nhung Van chua cd nhdn ddn tinh xem xet, trinh Bd Tu phdp giai giay ddng ky kgt hdn, dd hg chua dugc quylt Song, den Bd Tu phdp mdi chi cdng nhdn la cdng dan chfnh thiic ciia xem xet, trinh Chii tjch nudc xet duyet Viet Nam nhiing ngudi khdng qudc tich, ngudi cd qudc Trong sd hd so md Phdng Tu phdp tjch Ldo vdi thdi gian cu tru on djnh tai Viet huyen Dien Bien tiep nhan, ngodi ngudi Nam tir 1/7/1989 din ngdy 1/7/2009, Hmdng, Thai vd Kha-mii, cdn nhilu ddn tdc tifc phdi trgn 20 nam theo quy djnh tai Dieu nifa cung tinh trang tuong ty Song, 22 ciia Lujit Qudc tjch nam 2008, dupc nhdp bdo cdo cua Phdng Tu phap nam 2012, qudc tich Viet Nam Nhu vay, 29 trudng hpp huyen mdi gidi quylt vd cip giiy cdn lai ciia tinh Dien Bien chua dupc nhap ehirng nhan kit hdn, cdng nhdn chinh thirc qudc tjch nhu dd ngu d tren chua dii thdi Id cdng ddn Viet Nam cho ban 10 trudng gian cu tru tai Viet Nam theo quy djnh ciia 'hpp Sd dupc cdng nhan dd Iiy chdng Nha nudc hodc Idy vg Id ngudi ddng tdc d Viet Nam Rd rdng, kit hdn chui cua cac tdc va da tirng cu trii d dja phuong dupc tren 20 ngudi Thdi, Hmdng vd Niing d cac tinh Cao ndm Tren co sd dd, nam 2013 Phdng Tu Bdng, Dign Bign hiu hit M trdi phdp luat phap huyen da gidi quyet them trudng Ddng ndi Id, hau hit ngudi dan noi ddy cung hop Cdc hd so khac, cu trii d Viet Nam chua bilt din cdc thii tuc kit hdn vdi ngudi tif den 20 nam nhung khdng cd giay td nudc ngoai; ngu bigt, chfnh quygn dia tiiy thdn ngn bi trd Mi va dupc cdn bp Phdng phuong ciing khdng thi tu gidi quyet dugc Tu phap hudng ddn quy trinh va nhifng giiy Song, khdng trdnh khdi mdt sd trudng hgp td cin thilt de lam thii tuc ddng ky ket hdn cd hilu bilt nhung cd tinh Id di vd khdng (xin giay xac nhdn cua chfnh quyln dia thyc hien cac thii tuc dang ky kit hdn phuong noi hp cu trii trudc sang Viet Nam; dang ky kgt hdn tai noi d mdi va lam De dam bdo quyln Igi cho ngudi nudc mdt sd giay td tiiy than khdc ) Ngodi ra, ngoai sang Viet Nam kit hdn, nhat M ngudi tai 30 xa cua tinh Dien Bien, cd 127 trudng dan tdc sdng d viing bien gidi, Chfnh phii vd hgp ngudi Lao cd qu6c tich Viet Nam vd CO quan cd tham quyln bgn Viet Nam bit 130 trudng hgp khdng cd qudc tjch dang cu diu ndi ldng cho nhifng ddi tupng ndy nhdm trii d huyen Dien Bign, dd 31 trudng nim bit dupc chinh xdc sd cdp lay hgp Id ngudi Thai vd Kho-mii cd qug qudn khdng ddng ky kgt hdn vd xem xet gidi quygt d Nam Sang, Hua Miic thudc Mudng May, cdp gidy cdng nhdn Id quoc tjch Viet Nam Phong Xa Ly, Lao cho hp Xudt phdt tir thuc tl dd, cugc rd sodt Le Ths Hudng Nguyen nhan cua hdn nhan xuyen bien gidi Nguyen nhdn ciia HNXBG kha da dang Cd the kg dgn nhifng nhu cau ve du Ijch ll hdi vd khdm chifa benh ciia cdc cu ddn thudc cac qudc gia khac nhau, qua cac mdi quan he ddn dugc xdy dyng va phat triln, cho dii Id tu phdt hay thu phdt Tuy nhien, dd chua phai la nhiing nguyen nhdn chfnh ciia cdc QHHNXBG d hai tinh Cao Bing vd Dien Bign Dudi ddy la cac nguyen nhan chii yeu ciia mdi quan he ndy 3.1 Muc dich kinh ti Theo thdng kg chua day dii, nam 2013 cd 245 ngudi Thdi d huyen Dien Bien thudng xuyen sang Hua Mire vd Pdn Sdy dl mua bdn vdi ngudi Thai, Kha-mu Lao d Lao Hien tupng ndy dien tir Mu, bdi Hua Mirc va Pdn Sdy d Ldo thudc viing sau, viec cung cap nhu yeu pham cdn khd khan Do vay, ban dau chi mdt sd hd ngudi Thai sang Lao Mm an, sau dd thay Igi nhuan cao nen cac hd ngudi Thai huyen dua di Vi muc dich kinh te lau dai, sau nhieu nam qua lai, ddng bao Thdi d Viet Nam da ket nghTa anh em vdi ngudi Kha-mu Thai d Ldo khign cho quan he ciia hp, ca sinh boat va trao ddi hdng hda, dupc tang cudng Theo dd, sau nhieu ndm dl lai thdm nhau, giifa hai ben xuat hien quan he hdn nhdn Tre* CO sd ldm dn kinh tg nhieu cd gai Hmdng, Niing va Thdi vi mudn thoat ngheo, mudn cd tign gOri vg gia dinh da sang Trung Qudc lay chdng Ban diu hp sang Trung Qudc ldm thue [thu hdi ndng san (mfa, chudi, dira ) hoac giiip viec nha] cho cac dng chu ngudi Trung Qudc Khao sat d huyen Tra LTnh (Cao Bang) cho ihiy, cd ngudi di lam dd mang tien vg nhd; ddi vdi hp, nhifng cdng viec tren kha don gidn, khdng khd nhpc vd kilm dupc tien Nhung cung cd nhilu cd gai bj quyt tiln, cudng bire; cd ngudi da tim mpi each de trdn mdi vl dugc nhd, nhung cung cd ngudi mit tfeh 3.2 Quan lii thdn tpc vd kit nghTa Ndi bat d cdc xa, huyen tinh Cao Bing va Dien Bien Id viec tham thdn giSa ngudi ddn d hai ben bien gidi cdng phd bien Trong do, d tinh Dien Bign, mat dd cu dan hai ben bign gidi qua lai tham thdn ddy ddc hon so vdi tinh Cao Bing Theo bao cao ciia Oy ban nhan dan tinh Dien Bien, cdc tdc ngudi sinh sdng d bign gidi hau het cd quan he dan tdc, than tpc vdi ngudi ddng tpc phia ben bien gidi Theo Chi huy Bd dpi Bien phdng tinh, tuyen bign gidi Viet - Lao chi cd 17 ban gidp bien vdi 11.267 hd/56.335 khau, chii yeu la ngudi Thai vd Hmdng; tuyin bien gidi Viet - Trung cd ban giap bien vdi 412 hd/2.060 khdu, chu yeu Id ngudi Hd Nhi; song, ndm 2013, tuyen Viet - Lao cd 86 ban cd quan he than tdc vdi cac ban bgn bien gidi vdi sd dan la 692 hd/3.460 khiu (ngudi Hmdng cd 68 ban/6.573 hp/32.865 khiu; ngudi Thai cd 18 bdn/1.745 hd/8.725 khiu), tuyIn Viet - Trung cd ban/315 hg/1.575 ngudi Hd Nhi cd quan he than tdc vdi cac ban ben bien gidi Viec tham hdi lan ciia ngudi dan hai nudc nhim tang cudng tinh doan kit, giif gin ban sac vdn hda dan tpc, giiip vd chia se kinh nghiem san xuit, gdp phin bao ve bien gidi chung Nam 2013, thuc hien phong trao kit nghTa cum ddn cu hai ben bign gidi Bd tu lenh Bien phdng phat ddng, Bd Chi huy Bd dpi Bign phdng tinh Dien Bien dd tham muu cho Oy ban Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc sd'4 - 2014 nhdn ddn tinh Dign Bign td chifc kit nghTa cho hai bdn gidp bien gidi Id bdn Pa Thom (xd Pa Thom, huyen Dien Bign) vdi bdn Na Ludng (cum bdn Sdp Hiin, huyen Mudng Mdy, tinh Phdng Sa Ly, Lao) nhdm ciing cd, tdng cudng mdi quan he ddn tdc, than tdc vdn cd tir ldu giiia nhan ddn hai bdn ciia hai nudc Ngodi ra, khang chiln chdng Phdp hoac My, mdt sd ngudt Thdi, Kha-mu ciia Viet Nam di linh vd ddng qudn bgn Ldo da kit hdn vdi phu nif ddng tdc d dd rdi sinh sdng ben Sau ngdy hda binh lap lai, hg khdng trd ve que ma keo theo anh chj em sang dd lap nghiep vd iiy chdng, iiy vg ben Ldo Vi thi, din nay, quan hg hp hang giiia ngudi Thai d Viet Nam vd Lao rat than thilt vol cudng dp thdm thdn ddy ddc hon hp cdn cd them quan he trao ddi hang hda thudng xuyen vdi Thuc trang xdy d cd tinh Cao Bdng va Dien Bien nhung nhigu nhat van Id d Dien Bien 3.3 Tinanxdhpi Do Igi ich kinh tl, cdc ddi tugng budn ldu bat chap mpi hdnh vi de kigm ldi Viec budn bdn tre em vd phy nif qua bien gidi ldu rdt phd bign tai cac khu vyc bign gidi Theo kit qud dieu tra, ndm 2010 tai tinh Cao Bang, sd hem 100 trudng hpp xuat nhdp canh, cd trudng hgp sang Trung Qudc lay chdng; nam 2011 cd trudng hpp Ndm 2012, dugc su phdi hgp vdi Phdng PA61, cdng an tinh Cao Bdng vd lyc lugng Bign phdng dd tilp nhdn hon 40 cdng dan cua tinh bj phia Trung Quoc bit giu" va giri trd qua cifa khiu; cd 86 vy xuit cdnh trdi phep sang Trung Qudc, sd 46 trudng hop bi bit thi cd 25 trudng hgp dupc trd qua dudng ciia khau vd 21 trudng hop trd vg qug cu qua dudng mdn; phu nii sang Trung Qudc lay chdng Rieng Dien Bien, theo Chi huy Bp dpi Bign phdng tinh, thii doan cua cdc doi tugng Ilia ddo Id lira tinh yeu, qua mdi gidi, nhdn nudi de lira nhifng ngudi phu nii nhe da qua bign gidi Cung cd nhieu cd gdi ddn tdc thieu sd ciia Viet Nam ty y rdi khdi dja phuong, ban dau khdng rd nguygn nhdn, tim hieu thi mdi bigt sang Trung Qude hodc Lao de lay chdng Tir viec ket hdn qua bign gidi, cd mdt vdn de dat ra: quan he Viet - Trung, Nhd nudc ta chii trgng den dudng bien gidi vd cam mde bien gidi dg ngudi dan viing bign di lai, budn ban de dang hon, song, kit hdn qua bien gidi ciing gia tdng Ddc bigt, cudc sdng d ben Trung Qudc khd hon, ddng bdo ciia ta d sat bien gidi Viet - Trung van ngheo thi xu hudng iiy ngudi nudc ngodi la tat yeu Ly khdc khign dan dng Trung Qudc thfch lay vg Viet Nam bdi chi phf ft Sd ft ddn dng Trung Qudc iiy vg Viet Nam dg cd chd dua cho budn ban, tham chi Mm an phi phap Song, da sd cudc hdn nhdn qua bien gidi deu ft bin vifng, bdi hdu hit dlu kgt hdn chui Vi thi, gdn day, tinh Dien Bign da soat nhifng trudng hpp da sang lay chdng, lay vg ngudi Viet Nam tir 20 nam trd ve trudc, nham dam bao cdc ddi tugng iy dugc hudng cac quyen tdi thieu nhu dupc khdm chifa benh, tu di lai trgn dit Viet Nam de hp yen tam sdng va phdt triln d Viet Nam Luan giai Nhung trudng hgp xuit cdnh trdi phep cua cdc cd gai Thdi, Nimg vd Hmdng khdng chi mdt phia tir Viet Nam cae tinh bien gidi Viet - Lao cd hdn nhdn hai phfa Viet Le Thj Hudng Nam va Lao, thdm chi trudng hpp nam gidi Viet Nam sang Ldo iiy vg cung chiem ty le khd cao Rigng kit hdn chui muc dich tham thdn hoac kinh tl chii ylu xdy ddi vdi phu nii Thai d xa Mudng Pdn, Thanh Ludng (huyen Dien Bign) Song, cung khdng tranh khdi mpt sd khac bj lira qua hinh thifc ygu duang nhung thuc chit da du dupc phu nif ddn tdc thieu sd phia Viet Nam qua dudng bien gidi thi cac cd gdi dy se bj bdn cho cac d mai dam Cdc xd vimg bien huyen Mudng Nhe (Dien Bign) hodc Tra LTnh (Cao Bing) cd nhiing thdn ban nam sau cac hem ddi nui, dudng sa di lai khd khan, dat canh tdc bac mdu, it rudng nudc nen rdt khd phat trign kinh tl Bdi vay, tir lau d day da xuat hien trao ddi hang hda giifa ngudi dan hai nudc Viet - Trung Nhung mai dgn nam 1991 dudng bien gidi Viet - Trung md cifa, viec Mm an qua bien gidi, chii ygu la Mm thue d ben Trung Qudc, cua ddng bao mdi dl hon Tir dd, trgn dia ban cac huyen bien gidi sinh thgm nhieu van dg, cd HNXBG d cac dan tdc Hmdng, Niing Song, thu tuc kgt hdn vdi ngudi nudc ngoai cdn qua phiic tap vd tdn kem khdng chi vdi cdc cd gdi dan tdc thigu sd d viing bien gidi ma ca vdi cac cd gdi song d cac thdnh phd Idn Chua kg cdc thii tuc lai vugt qua thim quyln gidi quyet ciia chinh quyln dia phuong NIU CU dl tinh trang kit hdn chui dien vdi ngudi dan viing bien thi can bd bien phdng Trung Qudc bit dugc se dem trd cho ddn bign phdng ciia ta ddng tai xa dl bao cho xa biet va xd Mi bdo vdi trudng thdn Ign nhan ngudi vugt bign trdi phep Nhu vay, ngudi dan d ben Viet Nam hay Trung Qudc vugt bign gidi trai phep, dii cd bj bit hay khdng, van coi nhu mat di quyen cdng dan ciia minh Trong trudng hgp ndo do, ngu khdng may, ngudi ay cd thi cdn gdp rui ro vugt bien, thdm chi thiet mang Tren thyc tl, ngudi Hmdng, Nimg vd Thai ben Viet Nam cd the ket hdn vdi ngudi ddng tdc vd khac tpc d bgn bien gidi Vdi nhiing cap ddng tdc d hai nudc nhung niu trdn qua bien gidi dg ket hdn thi chinh hp dd mit di quyln Ipi vd pham vao tap qudn tdc ngudi minh Dieu ndy ddng nghTa vdi viec cd dau Viet Nam khdng td chirc eudi bgn Viet Nam, khdng cd ddn dau, cd chang chi lam vdi mam com bdo cho hp hang biet viee gdi dl iiy chdng Cdn bgn Trung Qudc, theo ngudi ddn d noi dupc khdo sat, cung khdng eudi nhu cdc dam lay dau binh thudng Rieng cac trudng hgp kit hdn khac dan tdc, se cd su khdc biet van hda va mau thuan cupc sdng; d viing bien gidi Viet - Ldo, dd cd mdt sd cap phai chia tay Khi dd, niu cd dau bgn Lao thi mang diia ve Lao nudi, diia cdn lai de chdng nudi; co dau ben Viet Nam cung vay, se mang ve ty nudi neu cdn nhd; song nghjch ly d chd, chdng dii la ngudi Viet Nam hay Lao dgu khdng cd traeh nhiem giii tiln nudi hdng thang Rd rang, diia phai ehju thiet thdi, bdi cdc cap iiy qua bien gidi khdng dang ky ket hdn nen bd cung khdng phai tda gidi quylt, dan din viec ngudi cha khdng thuc sy cd nghTa vu nudi din trudng Din nay, Luat Hdn nhan vd Gia dinh ciia Viet Nam van chua cd hudng dan hay che tdi xu phat ndo quy dinh rd rang vl viec ngudi Viet Nam hay ngudi dan tdc thilu sd trdn nudc ngodi liy chdng, iiy vg Do dd, ket hdn chui van diln khd manh d khip vimg bign gidi nudc ta Ciing vdi su phire 45 Tgp chi Ddn tdc hpc sd4 - 2014 tap ve thii tuc kit hdn, van hda dan tdc cung gay khd khan quan he hg hang, thdng gia va chau Ddy khdng chi la bdn khoan cua nhieu nha nghien ciiu ma cdn Id noi lo Idng cua dja phuong cd ngudi di Idy chdng trdi phep ben Trung Qudc Trong dd, nhifng gia dinh cd ngudi liy chong ben Trung Qudc dudng nhu chua may quan tdm den van de nay, bdi nhdn thirc cdn ban chi vg viec liy chdng ngoai qudc khdng cd giiy tdtiiy than Biii Xuan Dinh, Nguyen Nggc Thanh (Ddng chu bien) (2013), Mpt sd vdn de ca bdn vi kinh ti - xa hpi a edc viing biin gidi Viel Nam, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi, Hd Npi Le Thj Hudng (2008), Nghi li hdn nhdn eua ngirdi Niing Chdo d xd Bdo Ldm, huyen Cao Ldc, linh Lang Son, Bao cdo dg tdi cap Vien, Luu tai Thu vien Vien Dan tdc hgc Pham Thanh Thdi (2006), "Nhan Qua nghien ciiu d Cao Bang va Dien Bien, van de ldnh thd tdc ngudi vin dugc ngudi ddn y thifc rd hon so vdi bign gidi quoc gia, dd, cin dam bdo cupc song dn djnh cho ngudi dan de han chi tinh trang kgt hdn chui vd vugt bign trdi phep De giai quylt tinh tr^ng kit hdn chui hien dang tdn tai vd khdng trdi vdi vdn hda dan tdc, Nha nudc can ndi ldng luat hdn nhan cd ylu td nudc ngodi, nhit Id vigc kit hdn vdi cdng dan cac nudc cd chung dudng bien gidi vdi Vigt Nam Dudng bign gidi ludn dugc phan djnh rd rdng, khdng dinh chii quyen quoc gia, nhung khdng ft ngudi dan sdng dgc dudng bign lai it quan tdm tdi y nghTa phap Iy ndy Hoat ddng giao thuong, thdm thdn vd giao luu vdn hda ngdy cdng nhigu d viing bign gidi da gdp phin Idm gia tdng hdn nhan qua bien gidi Tai lieu tham khao dien mdt sd van de tir hien tupng hdn nhdn xuygn qudc gia cua phu nii Viet Nam bdi canh tang trudng kinh tl va vdn hda - xa hpi d Chau A", Tgp chi Ddn tpc hpc, Sd 6, tr 31-36 Dinh Vdn Quang (2006), "Hdn nhan xuyen qudc gia va van dg giao due van hda gia dinh", Tgp ehi Ddn sd vd Phdt irien, S d l l , t r 6-10 Le Nguyin Doan Khdi (2013), "Phdn tfeh khfa canh van hda xa hdi hdn nhan qudc te (trudng hpp phu nif d ddng bang sdng Hdng lay chdng Ddi Loan/Hdn Qudc)", Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dai hpc Cdn Tha, So 29, tr 74-78 Vuong Xuan Tinh (2012), Mpt sd vdn de ca bdn ve vdn hda phdt trien ben vimg cdc tinh bien gioi Viet Nam, Kit Nguyin Thi Phuong Cham (2006), qud thyc hien de cdi cap Bd nam 2011 Nghi le hdn nhdn cua ngudi Kinh d Trung 2012, Luu tai Thu vien Vien Dan tdc hpc Qudc (trudng hpp ldng Van VT, Giang Binh Ddng Himg, Qudng Tdy, Trung Qude), http://www.hoilhpn org vn/NewsDetai Nxb Vdn hda - Thdng tin, Hd Ndi l.asp?Catid=82&NewsId= 17142&lang=VN ... ThiTc trang hon nhan xuySn bien gidi d" hai tinh Cao Bdng vd Dien Bien Gin ddy, rat nhilu phu nii Viet Nam lay chdng ngudi nudc ngoai, vdi nhilu ly khac Tai Cao Bang, theo Chi huy Bd ddi Bien phdng... Bien), sd hd ngudi Thai cd quan he hg hang d ben Ldo khd ft, d day tir trudc din Le Thj Hudng chua nhilu ngudi d hai nudc Viet - Lao kit hdn vdi Quan he hdn nhan giiia ngudi Thai, Kha-mu d xd Mudng... va phat triln, cho dii Id tu phdt hay thu phdt Tuy nhien, dd chua phai la nhiing nguyen nhdn chfnh ciia cdc QHHNXBG d hai tinh Cao Bing vd Dien Bign Dudi ddy la cac nguyen nhan chii yeu ciia mdi