HBHIEH cilu CHlmi TBI • XAHtl CHU NGHIA TIT BAN NHA NUdc KHAU TRUNG GIAN TAT YEU CUA SUPHAT TRIEN XA HOI VIET NAM BINH THI THANH MINH * C hu ngMa tu ban nhk nudc Ik mtft thknh phdn kinh ttf quan ttgng cua thdi kl qua dfl tfi chu nghia tu ban (CNTB) lfin ehu nghia xa hfli (CNXH) Trong ctfng cuflc xdy dung CNXH d nudc Nga, V.L Lfinin dae bifit dtf cao phfin kinh ttf nky, nhiMg quan dilm cua V.l Ltfnin vtf chfi nghia tu ban nhk nudc (CNTBNN) cd J nghia IJ lukn va thue tiln sau sdc dtfi vdi su phdt tritfn xa hfli Vifit Nam hifin LJ lufin cua Lenin v l chu nghla tu ban nha nude thdi ky qua dd Itfn chu nghla xk hgi V.L Lfinin Ik ngudi ddu tifin cd ctfng nghien cfiu sfiu sfic IJ lufin CNTBNN vk sfi dung nd ttong dilu kien chuyfin chinh vfl san Lfinin ddnh gifi CNTBNN Ik mflt "khdi nifim" mdi, mdt hifin mgng mod mk dtfn luc dtf ehua ed tfic gia nko dtf edp dtfn (ngay ca C.Mdc cung chua ndi dtfn vdn dtf nay) Trong tfie phdm Bkn vl tiiutf luong thuc (1921), Ltfnin phfin tich su cfin thitft cua CNTBNN ttong qufi trinh xfiy dung ca sd vfit ehfit - ky thufit ttong thdi ky qua dtf lfin CNXH vk efic hinh tilde eua CNTBNN Ltfnin eho rfing, "ehu nghTa tu ban nhk nudc Ik mtft thfi chu nghTa tu ban mk chung ta cd thi han chtf, ed thtf quy dinh gidi han, chu nghia tu ban nhk nude dd phai gfin liln vdi nhk nudc"'" , "ehu nghla tu ban nhk nude su gidm sdt eua nhk nude dtfi vdi chu xi nghifip, thucmg nhkn, nhflng ngudi boat ddng * Thgc si Trudng THFT Trdn Hung Dgo Tam Duang VTnh Phuc I - VJ Llnin Todn t4p tdp 45 Nxb Ti/n Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005), TAP CHi GlAo Dye LJ LUAN - S6 233 (8/2015) hgp tfic xa tu san"'^' Lfinm nhaii manh CTJTBNN d ttong mflt nudc mk chinh quyin thuflc v l giai edp m san hokn toan khfie vdi CNTBNN d ttong xa hfli duge quan IJ bdi nhk nudc vfl san Trong nha nude ehuyfin ehinh vfl san, CNTBNN Ik su ktft hgp, lifin hgp, phtfi hgp gifta nhk nude - nln chuyfin ehfnh vtf san vdi ehu nghTa tu ban Cd thi coi ddy Ik mtft budc titfn so vdi tinh tu phat eua tilu tu hfiu Theo Lfinin, ttong thdi kJ qua dtf Itfn CNXH chung ta khflng tim cfich ngan ehan su phat triln cua C!NTB mktimcfich hudng no vko dudng cua CNTBNN, hay ndi edeh khfie, sd dung CNTBNN ed nghTa Ik d dd cd su ttao dtfi tu cda ngufii nflng ddn vk efic tdng Idp nhdn dfin khfic - ngMa Ik eo su ttfn tai eua CNTB nhung dkt dudi su quan ly vk ditfu titft chat che cua nhk nudc vfl san Lfinin khing dinh: CNTBNN ddi Ik mdt tdt ytfu lich sd, Ik dilu cdn thitft vk cd lgi eho nudc Nga lfic bdy gid Theo Lfinin, ttong thdi kJ qufi dtf, ntfn kinh ttf cdn ttfn tai nhiMg bfl phfin, nhiMg manh eua CNTB vk CNXH dan xen Nga lfic bdy gid cdn ttfn tai nam tiiknh phfin kinh ttf sau: Kinh ttf ntfng ddn gia t r a ^ g ; Kinh ttf san xudt hkng hda nhd; Kinh ttf tu ban ta nhfin; Kinh ttf eua CNTBNN; Kinh ttf XHCN Tdt ca efie thknh phfin kinh ttf dd dan xen ttong nln kinh ttf nudc Nga Xtf - vitft thdi kJ qua dtf Trfin co sd dd, Ltfnin cho rfing, "chu nghTa m ban nhk nude v l kinh ttf cao ban rdt nhitfu so vdi nln kinh ttf hifin eua nude - VJ Unin, Todn tdp Idp 43, Nxb Tiin Bd, Mdt-xca-va (2005), 29 ta"''\ CNTBNN Ik mflt budc tifi'n ttong tinh Mnh nudc Nga Xd - vitft htfi dd, nen kinh ttf mk san xudt hkng hda nho cua titfu nr san vk kinh ttf tu ban M nhfin dang chitfm uu thtf Lfinm khang dinh, "chu ngMa tu ban nha nude khtfng cd gi Ik dfing sg dtfi vdi ehinh quytfn Xfl - vitft, vi nhk nude Xtf - vitft Ik mflt nude mk ttong dd chinh quyin eua eflng nhfin va nflng dfin ngheo da dugc biio dam"^"' CNTBNN Ik cflng eu dl litfn hgp nln san xufit nhd, khde phuc tinh ttang phkn tfin vk dfiu ttanh tu phdt titfu tu san, chtfng duge nan dfiu co - ke thu ehinh d cfie nude tilu ndng thdi kJ qua dtf Nhu vdy, thtfng qua Ca-JTENN, giai cdp ctfng nhfin cd till hoc lfip dugc cdch quan ly mdt nln san xudt ldn, ttf ehfic dugc mtft nln san xudt ldn Ltfnin cdn nfiu vk lkm rd vin Ai sfi dung chuyfin gia lu san, mflt ditfu kifin dl tkng nkng sudt lao dtfng Ltfnin vifi't, "khtfng ed su ehi dao eua cfie ehuytfn gia am hilu efic ITnh vuc khoa hgc, ky thufit vk cd kinh ngMtfm thi khtfng thi nko chuyin lfin CNXH duge"'^' Khi su dung efic chuyfin gia tu san "phai su dung phuang phfip eu, phucfng phfip tu san vk bfing long tta mtft gid rdi cao vl "cdng phuc vu" cua nhiMg chuyfin gia tu san giku kinh ngMtfm nhdt"'*\ Ltfnm eho ring, "tta hge pM Ik mtft vific dfing gia vi cfii dfi cd ich eho cdng nhfin""' Cdn dfit IJ Iudn CNTBNN ttong btfi ciMh phfic tap eua lieh sfi nude Nga Xtf - vifi't lfic bdy gid Do chua nhfin thde dugc v ^ dl, nen nhilu ngufii cdng san da lo ngai rfing ntfu sd dung Cn^TBNN thi giai edp tu san Nga se ed kha nkng tdi phdt tritfn vk nguy eo phue htfi CTNTB d Nga rdt dtf xay Mat khfic ttong thfii gian nay, phfii "Cdng san canh ta" da luyen tmyin lufin dilm rang sd dung C!NTBNN d nude Nga la quay trd lai thfii kJ TBCN Hg chu tmong phai titfn lfin CNXH mdt each true titfp, tfic ik khflng cfin nhiMg bude tmng gian, khflng edn sd dung - VJ Limn tr 252 - VJ Umn tr 252 - VJ Linin tr 217 - VJ Unin tr 218 - VJ Limn tr 252 30 Todn lap ldp 43 Nxb Tien B0 Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn ldp, tdp 43, Nxb Ti&t Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn tdp, ldp 36, Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn tdp tdp 36 Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005), Todn tap tap 43 Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005), CNTBNN Lemn da phfi phfin nhiMg lufin dilm pM khoa hge dd, vk cho rang dd Ik can bfinh "fiu tri ta khuynh" cua nhiMg ke tilu tu san dfli Ifit cflng san CNTBNN ton tai dudi nhitfu hinh thfic da dang, phong phu TTieo Lfinm ehfl nko cd nhflng thknh phdn tu bufln bfin vk nhiMg thknh phdn TBCN ndi cliung, thi d dd cdn ttfn tai CNTBNN dudi hinh thde nky hay Mnh thfic khdc, ttinh dd hay trinh dfl khfie Thuc tifin nude Nga duang thdi, C^TTBNN ttfn tai dufii nhfing hinh thfic tfl nhugng, ede hgp tfie xa, hlnh thfie dai IJ uy thfic, cdc edng ty hgp doanh gifla nhk nufic vdi efic nhk tu san, hinh thdc giai cfip tu san thuft xi nghifip, vung mo, riMg, ddt hay cho ndng dfin tiiufi nhflng hdm md nhd Viec sfi dung efic hinh thfie kinh ttf qud dO eua CNTBNN da mang lai nhiMg ktft qua to lfin gdp phfin khfli phuc ldnh ttf d Nga, gdp phdn lkm eho cOng cutfc khtfi phuc kinh ttf titfn triln nhanh chdng Nam 1922 nhfin dfin dugc miia ldn, thknh thi cd du luong thuc thuc phdm, ctfng nhkn lkm nghl ttd lai nhk mfiy, san xudt ctfng nflng nghiep tang gdp dfli so vdi nhiMg ndm trade Cdch mang thfing Mudi Ddi stfng cia nhdn dfin dugc cai thitfn rd ret, tinh hinh chinh tri on dinh Dd vfiy, thue tifin da eho thdy vific sfi dung efic hinh thfic kinh ttf qufi dd ehua mang lai nhiing ktft qua mong mutfn nhu du dinh ban ddu cua Lfinin vk nhk nude Xtf - vilt Cd thi IJ giai dilu nky bdi nhflng nguyfin nhkn sau: Trade htft, nhung kha nfing cdn rdt han chtf eua nhk nude XO - vitft vtf kinh nghifim vS phuang phap ttf chdc, quan IJ kinh ttf, dilu tilt boat dtfng efic xi nghitfp M ban nhk nude ciing nhu kha nang cung edp thudng xuytfn tfn dinh vl tki chMb, vfit m, nguytfn lifiu cho san xufit, hkng hda eho luu thtfng thuong ngMtfp edn rfit khd khfin kMtfn cho CNTBNN ehuatiiUCsU phat huy dugc htft vai trd eua nd Bfin eanh dd, mtft nguyfin nhfin rdt quan ttgng Ik cdc nudc tu ban da thitfu thitfn chi, khdng ddu M vtfn vko ntfn kinh ttf Litfn Xtf Cfie thtf lue tu ban qutfc ttf eung vdi giai cdp tU san phan dtfng ttong nude da edu ktft vdi mong dung bao vky cdm van vk phfi hoai kinh ttf d^ bdp chtft Nhk nude Xd - vitft non tre ddu tifin ttfin thtf gidi Dd la nhfing nguytfn nhfin cd ban TAP CHl GlAo Dye LY LUAN - S6 233 (8/2015) NBHIEN Cliu CHiNH TBI-xa Hdi dkn dtfn kha nang van dung IJ Man (TNTBNN cua Ltfnm cdn nMlu ban chtf Vkn dung Iy Iuan chii nghTa tu ban nha nirdc thdi ky qua Ien CNXH d Viet Nam hien LJ Man eua Ltfnm vtf CNTBNN cd J nghTa vtf cdng quan trpng dtfi vdi nhftng nudc dang tiidi ky qua dtf Itfn CNXH nhu d Vifit Nam Khi vdn dung IJ Man vko thue tiln Vitft Nam, chung ta cfin man theo di hudii cua Lfinm: "ehung ta khOng htf coi ly Man eua Mac nhu la mOt cdi gi da xong xufli h ^ vk bdt kha xdm pham; ttfii Iai, ehdng ta tin rang IJ lukn cM dat nln mdng cho mdn khoa hge ma nhiMg ngudi xa bfli chu nghTa phai phfit tiiln ban nfia vl mgi mat, ntfu hg khflng mutfn trd thknh lac hku vdi cudc stfng"*^' Trong giai doan hifin nay, mk CNTB vfin dang phfit tritfn manh me, ehung ta mutfn quan he kinh ttf vdi cac nude nky thi sfi dung CNTBNN Ik eon dudng tdt ytfu CNTBNN khdng nhfing Ik ditfu kifin cho cfie nudc m ban md quan hfi vdi nude ta, mk cdn gidp ta tfin dung duge nhiing titfn bfl eua hg vk huy dtfng duge nhiMg lgi thtf eda dd't nude ttong qufi trinh hdi nhap Mfit khfic, dp dung CNTBNN giup chfing ta cd thtf d^y nhanh ttfc dtf tfing tmong kinh ttf, nil ngfin qua trmh khfic phuc tinh ttang tut hfiu, hitfn dai hda nln san xudt, phat tritfn kinh ttf, xfiy dung cO sd vfit ehdt - ky thufit cho CNXH Ctf till thdy vai ttd CNTBNN ttong thdi ky qufi lfin CNXH d Vitft Nam qua mdy dilm sau: Thvc nhdt, C:NTBNN gifip nudc ta cd till khai thde ttfi da mgi ngutfn lue cua ddt nudc CNTBNN khai tiific cac ngutfn tki nguyfin tiiifin nhifin cua qutfc gia nhu rdng, ddt, khoang san mk kha nkng nhk nude cung nhu cfie dem vi hgp tdc, cfi thtf nude ehua du trinh dO dtf khai thfie Thflng qua eae hinh thdc cua CNTBNN nhu hinh thdc tfl nhugng, lifin doanh vdi tu ban nudc ngoki, nhiing ngutfn lue titfm tkng nky se duge khai thfic lkm gdp phdn tkng tmdng kinh ttf Quan dilm nhdt qudn phfit triln nln kinh ttf hkng hda nhitfu thknh phdn da khuytfn khfch efic • VJ U-nin: Todn l4p, Nxb Tien Bd Mdi-x, Tfp CHl GlAo Dye L* LUAN - S6 233 (8/2015) nhk ddu tu bd vtfn vk huy dtfng vtfn ttong dkn dl kinh doanh Ben eanh dd, CNTBNN cdn gifip chung ta su dung ngutfn nhfin luc dtfi dko, gdp phdn giai quytft tinh ttang thdt nghitfp, thfic ddy viec dko tao nghl, kich thich ngfidi lao dflng hfing hfii hgc tfip, nfing cao trinh dfl ehuytfn mdn, tay nghl, ngMtfp vu, ddn Mnh thknh ttf ehfit eua lao dflng cflng nghiflp, lkm viec tukn theo phap lufit - tkp qufin Ik dilu khdng thtf tMtfu ttong nln kinh itf mdi va xa htfi mdi Thi hai, CNTBNN tac ddng vko vific ehuytfn dich CO cfiu kmh ttf tiieo hudng CNH,HDH dsTTBNN lkm bitfn dtfi co ed'u ngknh kinh ttf theo hudng ctfng nghifip va dieh vu, phdt tritfn d nhiMg ITnh vue ctf trinh dtf khoa hge cflng nghfi cao Do dtf, no edn lkm bitfn dtfi chdt lugng hang hda vk gifi thknh san phdm Bfin canh dtf, CNTBNN cdn lkm Ihay dtfi ca cku vfing kinh itf Viec phdn btf ede khu chtf xufit, edc khu cfing ngMep, khu kinh ttf tttfn ede dia bkn eua ddt nudc se gop phdn thay dtfi bd mat eua dia phuang, hinh tiiknh nhilu khu dfl thi mdi Dilu nky gdp phfin khke phuc tinh ttang tkp tmng qud mfic ddn cu vk khu cflng nghitfp d thi lfin, lkm giam bdt khofing cfich chtfnh Ifich qufi xa gifia cac dtf thi ldn vdi cfie vung, rmIn ttong ca nude Thi ba, tfi vai ttd quan trgng san xudt cua cai vfit ehfit, Cn^TTBNN ctf vai ttd tieh cue dtfi vdi tfn dinh vk phat tritfn xa hdi lfinh manh Gdp phdn giiii quytft ctfng an vific lkm, giam bdt flnh ttang tiifi't nghifip, nfing cao Ihu nhap eho ngudi lao dtfng, gdp phdn lkm giiim lifiu cue xa hfli Mat khde, ehdt lugng hkng hda vk dieh vu khtfng ngdng duge nang eao vdi nhitfu ehung loai phong phd, da dang lkm gdp phdn cai tMfin va ndng cao ddi stfng xa hdi CNTBNN la su phfit tiiln IJ lufin eua Ltfnm vl qud tnnh xdy dung CI^XH tfi efic nude cd xudt phdt dilm thdp Gfin mtft thtf ky trtfi qua, IJ ludn dd dang titfp tuc duge khdng dinh thuc tiln thtf gidi vk Vifit Nam Vdi ditfu kifin dke tiifi cua minh, Vifit Nam da, dang vk cdn tiep tuc nghifin cfi\i, btf sung, phfit tritfn Iy ludn nky ttfin CO sd ttfng kfi't thuc tifin Ngugc lai, ddy eung chi'nh Ik nhu efiu thue tifin ddt bdi (TNTBNN dang chfing to vai trd htft sdc to ldn cua nd ttong su phfit triln xa btfi Vifit Nam Mfin nay.S 31 ... cfin nhiMg bude tmng gian, khflng edn sd dung - VJ Limn tr 252 - VJ Umn tr 252 - VJ Linin tr 217 - VJ Unin tr 218 - VJ Limn tr 252 30 Todn lap ldp 43 Nxb Tien B0 Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn ldp, tdp... tdp 43, Nxb Ti&t Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn tdp, ldp 36, Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005) Todn tdp tdp 36 Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005), Todn tap tap 43 Nxb Tien Bd Mdt-xca-va (2005), CNTBNN Lemn... d^ bdp chtft Nhk nude Xd - vitft non tre ddu tifin ttfin thtf gidi Dd la nhfing nguytfn nhfin cd ban TAP CHl GlAo Dye LY LUAN - S6 233 (8/2015) NBHIEN Cliu CHiNH TBI-xa Hdi dkn dtfn kha nang