TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so g03| 2015 / HOAT DONG THANH TRA DUOI TRlfeU NGUYfiN GIAI DOAN 1802-1885 NGO Ot>C LAP Hd NGQC DANG Trong nhQng nim (1802 - 1885), bdn vi vua dau triiu Nguyen, tw Gia Long, Minh Mgng din Thidu Tri, Tw Birc, di cd nhiiu bidn phap di ban chi nan quan Igi loi dgng chirc quyin tham d, bdn rOt tii sin cua Nha nwdc, nhung nhieu din chOng Bdn cgnh dc co quan chuyen trich (Bd sit viin, Tam phip ty ), cic vi vua diu tridu NguySn cdn ban dinh mdt che dd die biit li thinh lip cic doin tra di tra dinh kf hoic tra ddt xuit cic kho xwdng cua triiu dinh vi hoat ddng cua cac dia phwong HOAT DONG THANH TRA VA HAN D|NH CAC K H A THANH TRA Dudi che dg phong kien, hoat dgng tra dd dugc tien hdnh td thdi vua Ld Thdnh Tcng Tuy nhien, nhd vua chua c6 quy a|nh cu the ve hogt dOng thgnh trg, md theo yeu ceu thuc tiln cua cdc djg phuong a l phdi mgt so quan Igi di tra xet hogt dgng hinh dn, hgy thu thue Ben thdi tri vl cOg trilu Nguyen, hogt dgng thgnh tra dd c6 nhung budc phdt triln hon Trilu ainh a l rg cdc quy dinh cu the hon v l hgn ainh, thdnh phin thgm gia tra, cdc co quan can tra tai trilu ainh, hoat dgng tra tgi aia phuong Ngodi cdc Sat tra ainh kjf, nhd Nguyin cd cdc Sat tra dgt xuat c i n t h i l t Ngd Bdc Ldp Ti^n sT Trudng Bgi hpc Khoa hpc Hud H6 Ngoc BSng Thge sT Khoa Xay dyng Bdng, Hgc vidn Cdn bO Thanh ph6 H6 Chi IVlinh Bdi vdi cic CO quan trwc thudc tridu dinh, trilu Nguyen chu y l u quy djnh tra cdc kho, xudng d Vu kho, Ngi vu, Mgc thuong liSn quan a i n qudn 1;^ tdi san, c h l tdc vdt dung, phuong tign, vu nh^m ngdn ngda, hgn c h l tinh trgng quan, Igi cd the loi aung quyln han Se bdn rdt tdi san, tiln bac cua trilu ainh Hodc trieu ainh se tra bo Hinh - co quan xet xd hinh an, nham ngdn chdn quan lai io\ ayng chdc quyen Se a l l trang thay den tgi trang cua phgm nhdn Nhin Chung, dudi thdi tri vl cOg minh cdc vi vua a l u trilu Nguyin ad co nhung quy dinh thdi hgn tra cdc CO quan ndy nhu sau: - Dudi thdi vua Minh Mgng: Ndm 1827, trilu ainh bgn dinh khoa tra bg Cfing theo dinh ky ndm Iln vdo cdc nam Ty vd Hoi Nam 1829, ainh IS tra kho thuoc dan theo ainh ky 12 nam/lan Ndm 1833, trudc tinh hinh cdc an phgt d bg Hinh od sung NGO BO'C L^P - HO NGQC BANG - HOAT BQNG THANH TRA DLfCl.cong ruOng, alt, bac, tiln, thdc, gao, gidi, bdng sac, vua Minh Mgng tien hdnh cho tra bg Hinh khoa a l u tien, vdi phdn Vien thj lang Idm Dong ly, Vien ngogi lang, bat, cuu phim thu lgi, sau ad vl viec sung cdng cui( bd^HInh c6 lien quan d i n bd Hg nen chd ghep Wida tra hai bg ndy Idrii mti,^i/6\ thdnh phan Vien ngoai lang hoac^Chu su, bdt, cuu pham thu lgi theo vien B i n g IJ, ehuydn Idm su vlSc tra bg Hinh Ndm 1837, cho dat nha men Mgc thuong, vua Minh Mgng dd ainh lg khdg thgnh trg co quan ndy ndm/ldn vdo cdc ndm Ty vd Hoi, den nam 1844 vua Minh Mgng che a l l ainh nidn khoa thgnh trg Mgc thuong vdo cdc ndm Ty vd Ngg ccn VQ kho thi lay nam Suu vd MCii (Quoc sd quan trieu Nguyen, 2007, tgp 2, tr 297, 909; tap 3, tr 516; tdp 5, tr 97) - Dudi thdi vua Thieu Tri: ndm 1844, a l l ainh nien khda tra, kho Mgc thuong thi lay ndm Ti?, ndm Ngg; kho Vu kho thi lay nam Sdu, ndm Mill (Quoc su qudn trilu Nguyin, 2007, tdp 6, tr 689) - Dudi thdi vua Tu Ddc: Nam 1878, vua che ajnh lgi nien khea tra phu Ngi vu, Vu khg, khg d Kinh vd kho cdc tinh a l u ndm/lln (trudc ddy phd Ngi vu nam/lan, VQ kho ndm/lan, kho d Kinh vd kho cdc tinh ndm/lan) Cdn sd thuoc sung, qudn ThOy su trudc ady 12 ndm/lln, doi nam/lln Nam 1880, vua T u Ddc cho ajnh Igi, cdo vien Thug'ng trd, VQ bi, Thuong tu vd Logn gid, xd Thi vS, aoi Thuiyng thidn, ty Ly thign, dinh Thuy su, Hga duoc lg cQ a l u ndm/lln, a l l lgi ndm/lan vd lay ndm Ty, Ngo, Mdo, Ddu Idm khoa tra, cdn Mgc thuong, VQ k h i , le cQ lay nam T;^, Ngg, Mao, Ddu Idm khoa tra, a l l lay ndm Dan, Thdn, Ty, Hoi ldm khda tra (Qudc sd qudn trilu Nguyin, 2007, tap 8, tr 279, 420) Bdi viii hoat ddng tra cic dia phwang, cdc vj vua a l u trilu NguySn chu y l u to chdc tra hogt dgng thu thue cug cdc dig phuong Hoat agng ndy cQng aup'c trilu NguySn quy ainh theo ainh ky Cy the, ndm Gia Long thd 15 (1816), nhd vua ad quy ajnh khoa tra cdc dja phuong theo ajnh k^ ndm/lln, 36 cdc tinh d Bac Thdnh to chdc tra vdo cdc ndm Ty, Ngg, Mdo vd Dau, cdn cdc tinh td Quang Ddc vdo Nam tra vdo cdc nam Thin, Tuat Sdu vd Mui O i n nam 1820, vua Minh Mgng v i n dp dung khdg tra theo ainh k9 nam/lln nhu dudi thdi vua Gia Long nhung chuyin sgng cdc ndm Ty, Ngg, Mdo vd Ddu Den ndm 1844, vua ThiSu Tri cho a l l lai thdnh ndm/lln, cdc tinh t d Qudng Ngdi den Ninh Binh tra ndm Ty vd ndm Hoi, cdc ttnh td Binh Dinh den Hd TiSn thi tra ndm Suu vd nam MQi, cdn cdc tinh tu Hd NOI a i n Cao Bang thi tra nam Mdo vd ndm Ddu D i n thdi vua T u Bdc, han djnh khda tra cdc dig phuong vua Thieu Trj adt rg tren ddy van auoc dp ayng vd khong thay a l l nhieu Chi a i n nam 1880, vua T u Ddc cho adi khoa tra trudc day d cdc tinh phia Bac vdo cdc ndm Tc An sat su (DSn theo D Van Ninh 2006 tr 306) Tuy nhien, chiJc nang cua An Sat SCP la "giu vi$c l