D(fl MOH QUAN LY XA HOI A NdNG THON TRUNG QUiC TRONG N H O N G NAM GJN DAY NGUYEN THANH GIANG* Tom tdt: Trong b6i canh tang eudng va d6i mdi quan 1^ xa hpi noi chung, thdi gian gan dSy, chinh quyen dia phucmg Trung Quoc da tien hanh doi mdi va tim tdi thyc tien da dang hda linh vuc quan 1^ xa hdi nSng thdn theo hudng quan tri xa h6i vi da dat duac hieu qua quAn tri xS hpi tuong doi tot, c6 anh hudng rpng rai Tuy nhien, ben canh nhihig ket qua bude diu, doi moi quto 1^ xa hpi d ndng thon vin phai ddi m|t vdi mdt so van de d mdt miic dd nhit dinh anh hudng d6n hi?u qua quan tn xa hoi cua Trung Quoc hien Bai viet se dua mpt so danh giS vl tuu va nhiing vin dk t6n tai doi moi quan ly xa hoi d ndng thdn Trung Qufic thdi gian qua Tic khda: Ddi moi, quan ly xa hoi, nong thon Trung Qudc, quan tri xa h^i D hdi XVI DCS Trang Qude (nam 2002) lin dau tien dua myc tieu lam eho "xa hpi hai hda hem niia"*'' Hdi nghi Trang uong khda XVI DCS Trang Qude (nam 2004) lin diu tign dat xay dung xa hdi d vi tri quan trpng ngang hang vdi xay dyng Mnh tg, xay dyng chinh tri va xay dyng van hda, hinh bd cue "tii vi nhat the" ciia dudng CNXH dac sic Trang Qudc Tren ea sd do, Trung uong DCS Trang Qudc da lin luat dua hang loat mue ti6u eM6n luac quan trpng nhu thuc Men quan diem phat trien mpt each khoa hpc, quy hoach thdng nhit phat trign giiia thi va ndng thdn, xSy dung ndng thdn mdi XHCN, xay dimg xa hpi hai hda XHCN, hudng tdi mue tieu xay dyng cdng xa hdi kha gia toan dien Cd mdt diem dang chu y la, tat ca cac myc tieu cMen luac neu tren deu dua yeu eau thiic dSy xay dyng xa hpi va hoan tMen he thdng quan ly xa hdi, dd tang eudng va ddi mdi quan ly x5 hdi da trd mpt nMem vu quan trpng Ihih vue xay dung xa hpi ciia Trung Quoc Quan l;y xa hpi giai doan Men ciia Trang Qude bao gdm hai bd phan eau la quan ly xa hdi d thj va quan 15* xa hdi d ndng thdn Ddi mdi quan ly xa hpi ndng thdn la IThh vye ehinh ddi mdi quan ly xa hdi tdng thg ciia Trang Qude Men Tuy nMgn, ben canh nhung ket qua da dat dupe, ddi mdi quan tri xa hpi d ndng thdn van dang ddi mat vdi mdt sd vin de can phai giai quygt, d mpt miic dp nhat dinh anh hudng den Meu * ThS Vign Nghien cuu Trung Qu6c 28 - NGHIlN CIJU TRUNG QUOC so 11 (195) - 2017 Doi m&i quin ly xa h^i • hpp bao ve trat ty tri an xa hdi, phan anh len chinh quyen Mgn, yen cau va Mgn nghi ciia eu dan thdn*^' Tuy nMgn, ti-ong I MOT S NHAN TO DOI HOI DOI thg ehg quan ly xa hdi nay, chinh quyen MOfI QUAN LY XA HOI NONG huong, tran van la ehu thg tuyet ddi eua T H N TRUNG QUOC quan ly xa hdi ndng thon Mac dii trgn Kg tir sau cai each md eua dgn nay, danh nghTa Uy ban thdn dan la td chiic ty quan l;y xa hdi d ndng thon Trang Qudc tri ciia ngudi dan thdn, nhung hoat dpng dupe tri theo md Mnh "huong chinh, cua Uy ban thdn dan da bi "hanh cMnh thdn Oi"'^* Tuy nMdn, budc sang giai doan hda", mang nang ti'nh chat menh lenh phat trign thg ky mdi, eilng vdi sy hanh chinh giua cip trgn va cap dudi, ndn ehuyen ddi ca cau kinh tg va xa hdi, xa hdi trgn thue tg Uy ban thdn dan khdng thg ndng thdn da xuit Mgn nMgu mau thuin va ddng vai tro quan ly xa hdi d nong thdn van dg ma nguygn nhan sau xa bat ngudn Trong bdi canh Trang Qudc thuc Men tir CO eau quan ly xa hpi cua eMnh quyen chuygn bign tu md hinh "nha nude toan ea sd d ndng thdn khdng cdn phii hpp vdi nang" (tiic la nha nude thdng soai toan bp sy: phat trien eiia xa hpi ndng thdn, digu qua trinh phan bd ngudn luc Mnh tg) sang dupe the Men ndi bat d may phuang xay dung cMnh phii theo "mo Mnh phyc dipn sau day: vu", nha nude va ehinh phu se khdng the Chu the quan ly xa hoi ndng thon tiep tuc chiu toan bp trach nMem phan don nhat gay nhimg bit c^p phdi va dieu tigt eae dich vu xa hdi Trong do, eiing vdi qua trinh phat quan ly na hpi trign manh me cua nen kinh tg thi tradng, Nhu da trinh bay, mo hinh quan ly xa nhu ciu dich vy cdng cua xa hdi khdng hdi d ndng thdn Trung Qude dupe td chirc ngiing tang eao trgn mpi phuong dign theo eo cau quan ly "huang cMnh, thdn nhu y te, giao dye, viec lam, v.v Nhiing tri", bao gdm chinh quyen huong, trdn va nhu eau dd da vupt xa ehi phi ngan sach Uy ban thon ddn Vai ti-6, tac dyng cua cho dich vu edng cua Chinh phu, gay cMnh quydn hucmg, ti-in kha quan U-png, ap lye Idn ddi vdi ehinh phu Trang Qudc tiiic tidp dai dien cho sy quan ly eiia nha Trong dieu Men dd, su kMgm khuygt hay nude ddi vdi xa hpi ndng thdn Cdn Uy khoang ciia cac chu thg quan ly se ban thon dSn la td chiic ti^ tii mang ti'nh g§y nhiing bit cap quan ly xa hpi quin chung d co sd vdi tinh chat ty quan, ndng thdn Trang Qudc tu dieu ehinh, ty phyc vu eua thdn, thyc Phan hoa xa hpi ndng thon Men bau eii dan ehu, quyet saeh dan ehii, quan ly dSn chu va giam sat dan chu Uy doi hdi cff chi quan ly xa hoi ndng thon cin dwffc ddi mti ban thdn dSn giai quygt cac edng viec cdng cdng va sy ngMep cdng ich cua Mpt nhung muc tieu cua quan Vf thdn, hda giai tranh chap dan, phdi xa hdi ndng thdn la digu hda nhu ciu cua qua ddi mdi quan tri xa hdi ciia Trang Qude Men NGHIEN Ciiu TRUNG QUdC so 11 (195) - 2017 — 29 NGUYiN THANH GIANG cac chu the Ipi ieh khac nhau, hi dn dinh trat ty xa hpi Trong thai ky ehuygn ddi, mdt nhung dae tnmg quan trpng cua xa hpi ndng thdn la sy khae biet giiia ca thg va td chiic cang tang, phan hda xa hdi ndng thon dign sau sic Kgt qua dieu tra "NgMen ciiu vg sy tac dpng giiia da nguygn hda thu nhap ndng thdn va phan hda giai c ^ ndng dan" nam 2004 eiia Dai hpc CMgt Giang d tinh la Giang Td, CMdt Giang, Ha Bic, Giang TSy, Tut Xuygn cho thiy, ket ciu lao ddng nganh nghg d ndng thon, giai ting lao ddng ndng ngMep cMgm 34,9%, giai tang ngudi quan ly ndng thdn cMgm 4,6%, gjai ting ngudi lao ddng tii thure ndng thdn cMem 6,7%, giai ting lam thue eMgm 12%, giai tang hd cong thuong ea thg cMgm 20,2%, ndng dan cdng cMgm 13,3%, giai ting quan 1;^ doanh ngMep huong trin cMem 3%, giai ting chu doanh ngMep tu nhan cMgm 2,l%'-'^\ Nhu vay, so vdi giai doan diu cai each md cua, phan hda giai cap ndng dan da diln manh me, chuygn tii md Mnh hai giai cap, mdt ting Idp trade eai each md ciia sang md hinh nMgu giai tang nhu da ngu tren Su phan hda xa hdi ndng thdn da lam eho md Mnh quan ly trayen thdng bi pha va, doi hdi eo ehg quan ly xa hdi nong thdn phai dupe digu ehinh Thyc tg ndng thdn Tnmg Quoe eho thay, co ehe quan ly xa hdi ndng thdn cua nude l^c hau han ro ret so vdi sy phan hda co cau xa hpi ndng thdn, ca che qimn ly xa hdi cii khong the xEy dung dupe phuong thiic va sach lupc quan ly phii hap vdi nhu cau Ipi ieh ciia cac td chue va dpi ngu ndng dan da bi phan hda 30 cac giai tang khae qua tnnh cai each md eua Digu kMgn eho co chg quan ly xa hpi Men ed cua Trung Qu6c khdng the thieh ling vdi nhu cau eiia xa hpi nong thdn Xung dot giiia quan nifm quan ly cu ky vdi nhihig thay ddi nhu cau xa hpi d ndng thdn Thg che quan ly xa hpi ndng thdn Trung Qudc dupe hinh tu sau cai each md cita tirong dieu kipn the che kinh tg ke hoaeh la the ehg quan ly xa hpi "ehmh phii manh - xa hpi yeu" Trong Mgu eo chg quan ly nay, mue tigu quan ly la trye tiep nhim vao giam sat va khdng chg ddi vdi cae ca the va td chiie, phan nMeu mang mau sic diu tranh giai cip ca vg bien phap quan ly lan phuong phSp quan ly Dieu kMgn eho ehinh quygn qua tiinh quan ly xa hpi thudng cM chii trpng vifc khdng chg, Mdm soat ddi vdi ddi tupng quan IJ, edn xem nhe mye tigu bao dam va bao ve quydn loi cua ddi tupng quan IJ Trong thdi ky diu cai each md eira, digu Men phat trien Mnh tg xa hpi cua Trung Qudc lue dd, bien phq) quan ly va quan mSm quan ly vin cd thg co ban dap ling nhu cau ehiic nang cua quan IJ xa h6i Nhung eiing vdi cdng cudc cM each md cua, phat trien Mnh tg ndng thdn theo phuang hudng thi tradng da cai tMen va nang cao rd ret ddi sdng cua ngudi dSn ndng thdn, ddng ngMa vdi dd la nhu eiu dich vu cdng cang tang cao va da dang hda Vi the, quan mem quan ly cu tiiidc day da khdng thg dap ling dupe nhu eau ciia xa hpi ndng thdn, tham cM gay ngn xung dot giira nhu ciu xa hdi NGHliNClhlTRUNGQUdCsd'11 (195)-2017 B6i m&i quan ly xa hgi eang da dang hoa va quan mem quan IJ xa hpi cii Xem x6t thye tiln xa hdi ndng thdn ed thg thay, van dg no am eiia ndng dan vd ca ban da dupe dap ling Theo ly thuygt vg Thang bae nhu ciu eua A Maslow, tM sau kM nhu cau d ting thap cua mdt ngudi dupe dap ling, thi se chuygn sang mpt nhu eau d thang bae eao ban Vi vay sau kM eae nhu ciu eo ban vg an mac d di lai eiia ndng dan dupe bao dam va dap ling, hp se theo dudi nhu eau dupe phat trign va dupe bao ve quygn Ipi, dd la mpt xu the tat ydu Ngoai ra, qua tiinh eai each md eiia da giiip ndng dan thay ddi quan niem sdng, quan mem gia tri, cd co hdi tiep nhan tu tudng eua eae nude phat trign, vi the ndng dSn ed nhu eau eo dupe quygn bieu dat, quygn tham gia, quygn dupe biet va quyen giam sat quan ly xa hpi n THVC TEEN D I MCfl QUAN LY XA HOI N6NG THON CUA TRUNG QUOC TRONG THOfI GIAN GAN DAY Hat nhan ciia ddi mdi quan ly xa hpi ndng thdn la hudng tdi xay dyng md Mnh quan tri xa hdi d ndng thdn, dd hat nhan eua thay ddi quan tri xa hpi ndng thdn la thlic day cu dan ndng thdn tham gia nMgu hem niia vao quan ly cae sy vu cdng cdng, dap ling tdt ban niia nhu can dich vy cdng eua quin chiing nhan dan Trong nhimg nam gan day, d khap cac dia phuang ea nude Trang Qudc da tien hanh tim tdi hang loat ddi mdi quan tri ndng thdn, ddng thdi da dat dupe nhiing hieu qua nhit dinh, the Men rd cac phuang dipn nhu quy dinh chat che quygn NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUfiC so 11 (195) - 2017 — lye cMnh quygn huong trin, hoan tMen co cau quan tri cip thdn, xSy dyng hg thdng dich vy cdng Mgu mdi d ndng thdn Quy djnh chat che quyin luc va ehuyen doi chuc nang cua chinh quyen huong t r i n Sau kM Trung Qudc xda bd hoan toan thug ndng ngMep vao nam 2006, chmh quygn huang trin d ndng thdn ddi mat vdi yeu cau khach quan ehuyen ddi tir ehinh quygn theo md Mnh quan ly sang cMnh quygn theo md hinh phyc vu Diem can ban ciia su ehuygn ddi nam d chd quy pham quygn lue chinh quygn huong trin, Mnh ndn ca chg quan chiing nhan dan tham gia vao quan tri Cac bien phap eai each eu the chu yeu gdm phuang dien: Mot Id, quy pham quyen quyet sach cac van de trpng dai eiia huong tran, quygn thuc tM cac cdng viee, hang mye quan trpng, quyen sip xep ngudn vdn va quyen quan ly can bd nhan sy, xay dung Mpn toan co can quygn lye va eo che van hanh viia eo sy rang bupe vira phdi hpp lan giiia quygn quyet sach, quyen thyc Men va quygn giam sat, bao dam quygn luc huang trin van hanh mpt each CO quy pham va khoa hpc Hai Id, xay dung cMnh quyen dien tii d cac cM'nh quygn ca sd huong trin, dd ngudi dan ed thg tham gia vao qua trinh ban b^c cdng viec chinh Qi (vin cMnh -\^i^), tham gia vao qua trinh quan IJ (ly ehinh - HiS) va qua trinh giam sat quan ly (khao cM'nh - # J S ) , thiie day sy kgt hpp hiiu co giiia nhan dan tham gia, eMnh quyen dien tii va xa hpi giam sat Ba Id, that eh^t mdi quan he gitta eMnh quygn va ngudi dan thdng 31 NGUYEN THANH GIANG qua nMgu hinh thiic nhu tang eudng tuang tac giua chinh quygn co sd va quin chdng nhan dan*^' Thuc day cong khai cdng vi|c cua thon, hoan thien ctf cau quan tri cap thon NMem vu cudi ciing cua quan tri xa hdi nong thdn la quan ly phM dupe thuc hien thong qua quan tri d cap thdn Dg thuc day chuygn ddi md Mnh quan tri cap thdn, tang eudng chiic nang dich vy khu dan cu, cic dia phuong da thyc Men ddi mdi quan tri d cap thdn vdi Mnh thiie da dang, timg budc hoan tMen ca cau quan tri cap thdn, nang cao Meu qua quan tri Digu dupe the Men qua may phuang dien sau: Mpt Id, thdng qua viee ehe dinh ehg dd la chg dp ban bac de nghi, chg dp nghi sy, ehe dp nghi quyet, ehe dp chap hanh va ehe dp giam sat de thue Men quygt saeh cap thdn Cac dia phucmg da cd quy dinh chat ehe ddi vdi bdn lo^i quyen la quyen quyet sach cua cM bp, quyen quyet dinh eiia dai hdi dai bigu cap thdn, quygn chap hanh ciia uy ban thdn dan, quyen gidm sat ciia quan chiing nhan dan, tiing budc chuygn bign chg dp quan tri d cip thdn tir ehd "ngudi tai quan tri thdn" sang "chg dp quan tri thdn" Hai la, thdng qua viec cdng khai cdng viee thdn de tMgt thyc bao dam quygn dupe bi6t cua cu dSn thdn, ban hanh cac quy dinh chat che vg su dung quyen lye cua can bd thdn, ddng thdi tang eudng sat hach dich vu dan sinh danh gia tieh can bp Ba Id, x&y dyng ehg dp hpp tae giiia ehi bd thdn, iiy ban thdn dan, liy ban chii doanh ngMep va 32 cac bd ban nganh quan ly vat tu, thyc Men bd sung uu thg, eung cMa se ngudn lye, ciing ban bac cac cdng viee quan trpng Cling hanh dpng, eiing thiic day phat tiien khu dan cu ndng thdn Doi mdi dich vu nong nghiep, xay dung he thdng dich vu cong or nong thdn Tinh trang dich vu cdng d ndng thdn lign quan trye tiep dgn viec nSng cao tiinh dp san suit va sinh sdng eua ngudi dSn Day eung la dudng can ban de thit chat quan he giiia dang va quan ehiing, giGa cMnh quySn va ngudi dan, la thudc danh gia Meu qim ddi mdi quan tri xa hdi ndng thdn Trong nhiing nam gSn day, cae dia phucmg da thong qua tang eudng xay di^g nen tang dich vy cdng ndng thdn, timg budc nang cao nang luc dich vy cdng d ndng thdn, giup dd giai quyet nhiing khd khan thuc tg ma ndng dan ggp ph^ Thie nhdt, khdng ngimg tang eudng miic dp khoa hpc ky thuat hd trp cho tam ndng (ndng ngMep - ndng thdn - ndng dan), day nhanh phat tiign co sd ting ndng ngMep, tich cue tim tdi dudng kinh doanh san xuat Idn ndng ngMep Thtc hai, gia tang miic dp va nang cao chat lupng xda ddi giam ngheo, thdng qua cac bien phap nhu thyc Men da dang hda nganh nghe nong ngMpp, tang eudng dao tgo bdi duong siie lao dpng ndng ngMep de hd trp thoat ngheo, md rpng miic dp cung cap cac khoan vay quy md nhd cho ngudi dan ndng thdn nham xda ddi giam ngheo Thu ba, tang dau tu cho cac cdng trinh thg dye, van hda, y tg d NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 11 (195) - 2017 Doi mvi quan ly xa hoi nong thdn, cai tMen mdi tradng ren luyen tiie thao d ndng thdn, thuc diy xay dyng cdng trinh giii gin vp sinh d ndng thdn Thu tu, thye hien toan dien "cdng tnnh yeu tiiuong"*^' d nong thdn, ti'eh cue tinic diy xay dyng ca sd ting duong lao d ndng thdn m MOT s o HAN CHE TRONG DOI M I QUAN TRI XA HQI Cf N N G THON TRUNG QUOC HIEN NAY Mac dii ddi mdi quan tri xa hdi nong tiidn eua Trung Quoe da dat dupe mpt sd kgt qua nhu da trinh bay tren, song nMn vao thvc tiln cd tiig thiy, ddi mdi quan tii xa hdi nong thdn vin phai ddi mat vdi cac van dg nhu nang luc chii the quan tri cdn ygu, ea ehe hpp tac cua xa hdi ehua hoan tMen, he thdng dich vu cdng chua kien toan, ddng thdi ban than ddi mdi vSn eon tMeu siic lan tda va tinh lien tuc, mdt chimg myc nhit dinh anh hudng den Men qua ddi mdi quan tri xa hdi nong thdn eua nude Nang lu-c cua chu the quan tri xa hoi nong thdn yeu Mau ehdt ciia quan trj hpp tac da nguyen la cac chii thg quan tri dgu phat huy hgt chiic trach va lam bet kha nang, hd tra lin nhau, hpp tac cimg quan tri, nhimg tien dg la eae chii the phai cd nang luc dam duang vai tro eua minh Hien nay, nang lye eiia chu thg quan tri xa hdi ndng thdn ygu da trd vat can then ehdt han che viec nang cao Meu qua quan tri xa hdi nong thdn Digu thg Men rd d cae m^t sau: Mpt Id, sau kM xda NGHIEN Clhl TRUNG QU6C s ^ 11 (195) - 2017 — bd thue ndng ngMep, eMnh quyen huong tran ddi mat vdi nMeu khd khan dan xen giua vipe mit di quygn lye va tham hut ngan sach''' Ngu nhu truac day, Mnh pM quan ly eiia cM'nh quygn huong trin dupe lay tir ngudn thu tii tiiue va pM, tM eung vdi qua ttinh cai each, viee xda bd chg dp thu thug, pM nong ngMpp kMen eho ngan sach ciia eMnh quyen huang tran ddi mat vdi khdng it ap luc Ngoai vige bi cat giam ngudn thu, tM quy chg tai cWnh mdi nhu tai chinh eiia thdn chinh quyen huong tran quan \f, tai cM'nh eua huong huygn quan If lam cho quygn han ciing nhu miic dp sii dyng bi ban ehg day tdn tai mdt mSu thuan Q6 la mac dii mpi edng vipc dgu ehinh quyen eo sd va ngudi dSn ty chii ti-ong quygt dinh thue hi§n, nhung vin dg Mnh phi lai ehinh quyen cap trgn quygt dinh Tii din tdi sy xung dot eiing nhu mat can bang quan ly eua cMnh quyen ca sd d nong thdn Trang Qudc Hai Id, tuong ty nhu tinh trang cua ehinh quyen huong trin, Uy ban thdn dan eiing phai ddi mat vdi khd khan la tMeu hut ngudn luc Xda bd thue ndng ngM^p eung c6 nghia la khdng khoan tien trich npp cho thdn tir thug ndng nghiep nhu trade Ma Sau kM xda bd thue nong ngMpp, phin Idn cac thon roi vao tinh tr^ng thieu Mnh phi, khd ed the dap ling nhu cau eung cap dich vy cdng khu dan cu Ba la, trgn thuc tg, thdi gian qua sd lupng td chiic xa hpi ndng thdn bi giam di, kha nang tham gia quan ti"! xa hdi vi thg bj thigu hyt nghiem trpng 33 NGUYEN THANH GIANG Co chi hgp tac giira cac chfi the quan tri xa h6i nong thon chua hoan thien cac chu the cting hpp tae eung quan tri la dac tnmg ca ban cua quan tri xa hpi Men dgi, xay dyng eo chg hop tac vua phy thudc vao viec xac dinh hop ly vai trd eiia ehinh quygn, cac td chiic xa hpi va cdng dan, viia phy thudc vao vige xSy dyng mdi quan hg tin nMpm lan gifia cae ehii thg trgn Tuy nMgn, ca chg hap tac giua cac ehii thg quan tri xa hdi ndng thdn Mgn van cdn phai ddi mat vdi nMgu khd khan Mot Id, ehiie nang cua eMnh quygn huong tirin vin chua hoan qua tiinh chuygn ddi sang ehinh phu theo md Mnh phuc vu Thg chg quan If hanh chuih tii trgn xudng dudi dupe Mnh mdt thdi gian dai va djnh hudng danh gia sat bach can bp lay GDP lam trung t§m kMen cho chiic nang kigm soat xa hpi, xay dyng kinh tg eua eMnh quyen huong tran van cdn tuang ddi manh, chiie nang phye vu xa hdi tM lai y6u Hai la, quan hg giiia eMnh quyen va ngudi dSn van edn gap nMeu trd ngai vg mat thg ehg Nhu da trinh bay, sau xda bd thug ndng ngMep, tai cM'nh cua huong tran chu ygu phu thudc vao ngudn phan bo tai chinh cua ehinh quygn cip huy^n, digu lam gia tang miie dp phu thudc eua ehmh quyen huong trin vao ehinh quygn cip huyen CMnh sy phu thudc kMgn cho hanh vi ciia cMnh quygn huong trin lya chpn la "tuSn tiieo menh lenh" cip ti-en chir khdng "nghe tiieo" nhu ciu eua nhan dan, tir Mnh khoang each giira eMnh quygn 34 huong tiran vdi quan chiing nhan dan Ba Id, Uy ban thdn dan mang d|m mau sac hanh cMnh hda Can eii theo cac quy dinh phap luSt Ugn quan, Uy ban thdn d§n c6 trach nMem tra giiip cMnh quyen huang tran lam tdt chiie traeh cdng tac tren eic mat nhu tri an xa hdi, y tg edng cpng, sinh de ke hoaeh, eiiu trp khd khan, an sinh xa hdi la nhiing edng tae cd lign quan true tigp dgn Ipi ich ciia ngudi dan Nhung qua trinh vSn hanh thyc te, nhung ehiic nang khdng cdn mang tinh "Q-p giiip" cua ehg dp ty tri, ma bien tinh chat "ganh vac", ddng thdi phai chiu su Mdm tra va sat hach danh gia cua cac bd nganh hiiu quan, kMgn eho chiic nang eua Uy ban thon dan mang mau sac hanh eMnh hda cao dp H^ thong dich vu cdng ndng thdn chua du hoan thiSn Trong nhiing nam gin day, cac dia phuang cua Trang Qudc khdng ngiing tang miic diu tu cho dich vy edng d ndng thdn, nhd dd mdi tradng sdng va chit lupng cudc sdng eiia cu dan ndng thdn dupe cai tMen rd net, budc diu da xSy dyng ngn mdi quan he tiianh thi - ndng thdn kieu mdi vdi dae tnmg eiing phat trign phon vinh, liy phd lam trung tam, eae thi lam sai diy kgt noi, thdn xa lam ngn tang Nhung so sanh vdi ed thg thiy, he thdng djch vy cdng d nong thdn vin can tigp tyc hoan tMen them Bdi eae nguyen nhSn sau: Mot Id, xay dyng ea sd h^ tang ndng thdn eon yen kem Hi^n nay, tdng ngudn vdn diu tu eiia ngan saeh eho ndng thon vin edn — NGHIEN CIJU TflUNG QUffc so 11 (195) - 2017 Doi m&i quan ly xa hoi khoang each tucmg ddi Idn vdi so vdi nhu cau cai tao ea sd ting ndng ngMpp, bao ve moi tiirdng sinh tiiai ndng thdn Hai Id, eung cap dich vy edng nhu van hda, giao dye, y tg, an sinh xa hpi ndng thdn van cdn tuang ddi tMeu, han niia chit lupng ehua cao Ba Id, ea che diu tu Mpu qua lau dai ciia ngudn vdn dich vu cdng d nong thdn van chua dupe Mpn toan, trtnh dp quan ly ngudn vdn vin cdn ygu kem Hien nay, nguon vdn ngSn saeh ho trp tam ndng khong nhung tMgu vg tdng lupng, ma cdn qua phSn tan, cae hang muc trp cap chong cheo, trung lap, Mgu qua sii dyng ngudn vdn ^a the bj giam di rit nMeu Doi mdi quan tri xa hdi nong thon cdn thiiu su-c lan toa va b^n vung Trong nhung nam gan day, cac dia phuang da trign khai nMeu tim tdi d6i mdi quan tri xa hpi, dd nMgu each lam cd suy nghi mdi la, dupe ddng dao quan chiing nhan dSn ung hd tan va cd dupe Mpu qua ro ret Q-gn thye te Tuy nMgn, nhung bien phap khdng dupe cae dia phucmg khac hpc tap, khdng dupe phd bign nhan rpng NgoM ra, phan Idn ddi mdi quan tri xa hpi ndng thdn edn tMgu tinh ben viing Cho dii nMdu ddi mdi quan tii xa hdi ndng thdn da dat dupe Meu qua nhu mong dpi, nhirag trien vpng phat trign ciia no lai khdng dupe lac quan, tuyet dai da sd ddi mdi quan tri d ea sd phai diing trade nguy co ehgt yeu Hpc gia ndi tidng Lf Canh Hong tiing binh luan nhu sau: "Mdt boat dpng ddi mdi neu khdng thg cung cd, tM eM nhu dda qu^nh, mac du rit rye rd, nhung lai rat ngan ngiii"'^' NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUfiC s6' 11 (195) - 2017 — KitluSn Van dg ndng thon tii trade tdi ludn la vin de dupe Trang uang DCS va CMnh phu Trung Qudc quan tam eoi trpng, dd quan \f xa hpi ndng thdn la mdt bd phan ciu quan trpng cua van dg ndng thdn Bat dau tir Hdi nghi Trung uong khoa XVI DCS Trang Qudc (nam 2004) cho dgn nay, ddi mdi quan l^^ xa hpi nong thdn trd trpng diem eua ddi mdi quan 15' xa hpi d Tnmg Qudc Trai qua m0t qua trinh tim tdi thuc Men, mae dii van tdn tai nMgu kMgm khuyet, song ddi mdi quan If xa hpi ndng thdn d Trung Qude thdi gian qua da giup khu vyc ndng thdn Trang Qude Mnh ngn eye dien quan tri xa hdi mdi, ca ban dap ling ygu ciu phat trien eua Mnh tg xa hdi d nong thdn giai dogn Men Vipt Nam la nude ndng ngMep vdi ban 2/3 dan sd sdng d ndng thdn'^* Trong then gian gin day, Vigt Nam ciing da vk dang phat ddng manh me phong trao xay dung nong thdn mdi d hau khap eae viing mign tren ca nude Do cd nhieu digm tuong ddng phat trign Mnh tg xa hdi vdi Trang Qude, tham khao kinh nghiem ciia Trang Qudc ddi mdi quan IJ xa hpi d ndng thdn giai doan Mpn la viec lam can tMet Dac biet la Mnh ngMgm vg vi?c phat huy vai trd va chiic nang eua cM'nh quygn dia phuang (cy the la cM'nh quygn huong trin) tirong quan ly xa hpi, ehuyen ddi chiic nang chinh quyen dia phuang tii chinh quyen theo md hinh quan IJ sang ehinh quyen theo md hinh phuc vy, hay nhu kinh ngMem vg vipe tang eudng xay dung dich vy 35 NGUYEN THANH GIANG cdng d ndng thdn, nham ho trp ndng dan, ndng thdn phat trign cd gia trj gpi md nhit dinh ddi voi Viet Nam CHU THICH: (1) Bio eao chinh tri Dgi h^i XVI DCS Trung Qu6c (2002) http://cpc.people.com.en/n/2012/ 1118/c64094-19612151.htnil (7), (8) Ho^ug Han Thanh luu, vdn de va cat tien ddi m&i quan tri xd hpi ndng thdn Tap chi Hiep thirong dan chu \k chinh sSch cdng, sd nam 2016, tr.32 (9) Theo thdng kg nam 2013, ngudn http://vnrw nhandan.com vn/kinhte/nhan-dinh/ item/232041 02nong-nghiep-nong-dan-nong-thon-dang-% E2% 80% 9Ckhat%E2%80%9D-von html TAI L l f U THAM K H A O (2) "Hucmg chinh, thon tri" la m6 hinh ehuih tri nong thon d|e sac Trung Quoe, dd "hirong ciifnh" \k chi chfiih quyen c§p huong, trdn (bao gom chuih quyen thj tran, Uiong duong vdi cip xa eua Vi?t Nam), ]k td chiic chinh quyen CO sd thap nhat a nong th6n theo quy dinh phap luat nh& nude Trung Quic C6n "thdn tri" la chi Uy ban thon dSn, la td chiic ti^ tri mang tinh quan chung cua chiiih quySn co scr a ndng thon Trung Quoc Sy ket hpp giiia ch&h quySn huong tran voi Uy ban thdn d§n da hinh nen md hinh quan If a nong thon Tnmg Qudc thoi ky Men Hoang Thd Anh (ehii bien) Nhimg van de kinh te-xd hdi ndi bdt cua Trung Qudc 10 ndm dau the ky 21 va trien vpng den nam 2020 Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi, nam 2012 Nguyin Kim Bao (Chu bien) Nhimg dot phd ccr bdn tu phat trien cua Ddng Cpng san Trung Qudc Nxb Tii dien Bach khoa, 2011 Nguyen Xuan Cudng Qua trinh phdi trien kinh te-xd hpi ndng thdn & Trung Quoc (19782008) Nxb Khoa hoc xa hOi, 2010 Phiing Thi Hue Chuyin ddi phucmg thiic quan ly xa hpi o Trung Qudc sau Dgi hdi XVEI (3) Luat Td chiic Uy ban thdn dan nuac DCS Tnmg Qudc, Dd tM cip Bo nam 2015-2016 CHND Trung Hoa hnp://www.gov.cn/flfg/20105 Nguyin Minh Hing (chu bien) - Mpt sd vdn 10/28/ content_1732986.htni de hien dai hod ndng nghiep Nxb Khoa hpc Xa (4) Chung Tradmg Bao, Dich Kim Hoa h^i, 2003 "Chuyen doi md hinh xa hpi va doi m&i ca che Nguyin Minh Phucmg (Chii bifin) "Quan quan l^ xa hpi ndng thdn" Hoc bao D^i hoc Ndng nghiep Hoa Trung, sd nam 2011 I'y phdi trien xa hoi cua chinh quyen ca sa mdt so nuac trin the gt&i" Nxb Lao ddng - Xa hdi, H^ http ://w WW sociology ol org/yanj iubankuai/tuij lan Npi, 2015, yuedu/tuijianyueduliebiao/2011-06-10/12813 Dd Tign Sam (chii bidn) - Trung Qudc vai html, dang tai ngky 10-6-2011 vifc gidi quyet vdn de ndng nghiep, ndng thdn va (5) Ho&ng Han Thanh tuu, vdn de vd cai tien ndng ddn (Tam nong) Nxb Tir dien Bach khoa, dot mdi quan tri xa hpi ndng thdn T?Lp chi Hiep thuong dan chu va ciiinh sich edng, so nam nam 2008 Chung Trudng Bao, Dich Kim Hoa "Chuyin 2016,ttang31 ddi md hinh xd hdi vd doi m&i ca che quan lyxd hot (6) "Cdng trinh yeu thuong" Ik cdng trinh cai ndng Mn" Hpc b ^ Dai hpc Ndng nghiSp Hoa tao, xSy dyng vk mo rdng cdc vi^n dudng ^ o d Tning, sd nam 2011 http://www sociologyot ndng Ihon, voi n^i dung chinh 1^ nang cao ty 1€ nudi duong tap irung vk cai tliien dieu kien sinh hoat ciia org/yanj iubankuai/tuij ianyueduAuijianyueduliebiao/ cac hg thudc di$n dam bao a ndng Ihdn, bao gom 2011-06-10/12813.html Hoang Han Thanh lym, vdn de vd cai tien ngudi gia, tre nhd, Ire md edi, ngudi tan t|t, ngirdi khong noi nuong tya d ndng ihon h^://www ddi m&i quan tri xd hdi ndng thdn T ^ chi Hi?p jscz.gov.cn/pub/jsc2/xxgk/gknil/200910/t20091010 thuong dSn chii va chinh sach cdng, sd nam ^53300.htnil 2016 36 NGHIEN cuu TRUNG QUCC so'11 (195)-2017 ... jscz.gov.cn/pub/jsc2/xxgk/gknil/200910/t20091010 thuong dSn chii va chinh sach cdng, sd nam ^ 533 00.htnil 2016 36 NGHIEN cuu TRUNG QUCC so''11 (195)-2017 ... duong lao d ndng thdn m MOT s o HAN CHE TRONG DOI M I QUAN TRI XA HQI Cf N N G THON TRUNG QUOC HIEN NAY Mac dii ddi mdi quan tri xa hdi nong tiidn eua Trung Quoe da dat dupe mpt sd kgt qua nhu... thirong dan chu \k chinh sSch cdng, sd nam 2016, tr .32 (9) Theo thdng kg nam 20 13, ngudn http://vnrw nhandan.com vn/kinhte/nhan-dinh/ item/ 232 041 02nong-nghiep-nong-dan-nong-thon-dang-% E2% 80%