y KigN - TRAP a6\ BIEN DONG CUA TINH XA HOI TRONG VAN HOA TRl/^NG LUtJ C hinh vi vai trd lich sit vi y nghia xa trudng vi mdt hoin eanh nhit dinh Chii nghia hdi tu than cua van hda lien quan ddn vat Ijch su tOng hgp cii ci ihl, cai bd phan cic llnh vite thude hinh thii y thiie cii phO biln xa hdi theo quy trinh, quy mi mdt thdi gian dii trudc diy cae nha nghien luat, cdn nghien ciiu cu thl ttmg hien tugng cihi chi die biet quan tim din ehii nghia xa hdi, phai lim cho cai phd biln tilp can tdi da vat lich sLt, VI cho ring hgc thuylt uu viet cii ca thl Ndi cich khic, chii nghia vflt Hch da giai quylt hiu nhu loin bO cic vin dl ca ban stt la phuang phip luin idng quit cua qua trinh mang tinh lich sit xa hdi; cdn xa hdi hoe van nhan thlie xa hdi, tao co sd cho ly thuylt xa hdi hda ndi rilng vi xa hOi hgc ndi ehung chi li hgc; cdn xa hdi hoc ehuyen nginh nghien eiiu mdt khoa hoc thire eac hien tugng vi qui nghiem dua trln trinh xa hdi, chi ro Ne'u Ijch sill van h6a cung \A Ijch sui nhiing hien tugng xa ngudn gdc, v| ui vi nguoi thl b^n Uidn vSn hAa da mang j nghia hdi cu thI Sau dd, chiic nang xa hdi nhu xa hai tu than Mdi truomg xa hfil nhir Ih^ ndo qua thI nghilm, cae nhihig yeu td ciia co se tao n6n nhihig nguoi nha th^ dy, c6 nha van hda hge eho eiu xa hdi mdi nghia Id nhdn \6 van hda quygt djnh sU hinh ring khdng cd khoa lien he cua chiing vdi thdnh nhan each ngudi, tao khudn hoe thuin tiiy \f loan bd xa hdi mat cho mfit cdng ddng cu ddn, mdt hl^u Ihuyl"! hoac thuin ddng cho mdt xu the, mdt nen van hda Vai Cd nhin ihiie kha tdy kinh nghilm; trd xa hdi cua van hda la mot tat yeu dl diing miic xa hOi ca iril^t hge la qua trlnh htnh Uianh va phat trien Ijch siif hgc ndi ehung va xa phucmg phip luin hoi hgc van hda ndi CLia mgi nginh khoa hgc cung chi trd rieng, mdi cd quan niem rd ring vl xa hOi hda khoa hge chin chinh no khdng roi vio cic boat dOng van hda Xa hOi hgc van hda dudng thip ngi, tu biln ma hudng vao phan duge quy djnh nhu mOt qua trinh eon ngudi thu lich vi khai quit du kien gin liln vdi thuc tiln nhan va bidn cua minh nhOng ylu td xa ddi sdng xa hOi hdi eiia mdi trudng tao nen nhan each, dudi anh Sa dl mOn xa hOi hgc van hda ddi cd phin hudng cua nhiing kinh nghiem va nhihig tic muOn so vdi mdt sd nginh khoa hgc khae, ehu nhan xa hdi, dd thfeh nghi vdi mOi trudng xa ytfu li chua rach rdi lin ranh giua cai idng hdi ring budc xung quanh ngudi quit vl quy luat iich sit vdi cac hinh thai ciia f Y nghia xa hdi hda van hda a ta khdng gi thiic xa hOi bilu hien thinh vd sd cae hien khic hon li phai liln din phat triln nhjp nhing tugng xa hOi khic Ngiy nay, chiing ta dl giiia eac mit ciia ddi sdng, phii hgp vdi mdt ding nhin thiic diing din ring, su phat sinh va qudc gia dang tren da phil triln bdi canh phit triln eie ly thuylt xa hdi hgc ehuyin ehung cua thdi dai; li'y eon ngudi lam trung nginh, trudc bJft li nhu eiu ndi tai ciia su tim, lim phuang tien va ddng luc, ddng thdi phii triln xa hdi Iheo mdl hi tu tudng, mdt mdi cung liy dd lim mue tieu phuc vu eon ngudi Sd347| Thang 5-20131 Plfew a A M VAN H(^A NfiHI^ T H U A T Liln kit cic phin xa hdi mdi quan tim ehung vl tim quan cua cic nhan td vin hda ddi vdi hien tai va tuong lai, la yeu eiu cua nIn van hda theo dinh hudng dan tOe - hiln dai - nhan van Xa hOi hda van hda la mdt ehu truong Idn va chi nhiing qudc gia thuc su coi vai trd ciia van hda phat triln mdi dat hudng phin diu, eon bien phap xa hdi hda van hda nhu thl nao la tiiy thuOc vao dilu kien ciia dinh hudng dit nude Dinh hudng van hda theo ca chl^ thi inrdng bdi canh loan eiu hda hiln nay, khic ban vdi dinh hudng van hda trude ed chii trucmg ddi mdi tu duy, tCi dd tao biln ddi vl chat eiia tinh xa hOi van hda; xa hdi hge van hda dd cung di sau vio titih din chii gin vdi gia tri nhan van ciia dit nude, vdi ddi sdng tinh thin cua xa hdi Vin la ban chit din tdc dim di vi Imh tien tie'n ciia mdt nIn van hda, song nlu cd dinh nhiing each nhin xa ciing se tao mOt cai gi luin quin, khd bl dat tdi tinh thin sang tao li yeu eiu cdt Idi dudng Idi phit triln vin hda hien Ngiy nay, cac nude vdn trudc diy tham gia Chumig irinh Thgp ky qud'c te phat trien vdn hoa (1967 - 1976) UNESCO phil ddng, diu nhin manh din ting trudng kinh tded nhip nhing vdi he gia tri van hda, dit nude mdi dn dinh, mdi lang thu nhip qudc din Dilu cin nhin manh di vao nhung mat boat ddng cu thl li kinh phi eho van hda phai hai hda va ein xiing theo bl rdng vi ehilu siu ciia phat trien vin hda Kinh phi dd vita la phuang lien, vira li ngudn kich thich, v&a la ddng luc Idi eudn quin ehung tham gia cic boat ddng van hda vi lao xa hdi van hda cd site ning Indonesia rit tu hio la dit nude ed mdt nIn van hda truyin thdng dac sic dugc tda sang tCt cae quin dao Idn sd ban 3000 dao eua qudc gia nay, la nhd cd chinh sach van hda diing din Nhit Ban cing tu hao la mdt qudc gia ihudc nhdm G7 ciia the gidi, song cudng qudc kinh tl", khoa hge ky thuat khdng lin it chit van hda Phu Tang thim sau long dai chiing, la nhd cd ehi'nh sieh khai thae, phit huy vi bilt nuOi dudng eSc he gii tri tinh thin irong cic cdng ddng eu dan • n 8^347 Thang 5-2013 Neu mdt vii din chiing qua mOt sd nudc quanh ta dl thiy ring, khOng khing dinh tinh chit xa hdi sau sic eua van hda se khdng thl xa hdi hda cae gii tri van hda, khOng thl biln nhin td van hda ddng luc ciia phit triln Hay canh giie vdi cic hiln tugng phi van hda cinh cita giao luu nghe thuit cing md rdng vi quan niem tu hda cung gia ting d mdt sd ngudi, tinh phiic tap ciia toin eiu hda vi CO ch6 thi trudng lam dao lOn nhilu hi gii tri KhOng cin vien din nhilu luin dilm, trill thuylt mdi la, chi cin dl cip din chii nghia hiln thuc duge nhilu noi tren thl gidi xem li phuong phap sing tie nghe thuil liln bd nhit, uu viet nhit, ed thl phan inh toin bd hiln ihuc eiia mgi sic thai dan tOc, thl ma ddn cQng trd ihinh mdt nhilu hiln tugng phiic tap nhit, dan xen nhilu he gia tri - phan gii tri Tii bao nhieu nam ta chi bil't hiln Ihue xa hdi, hien thuc phe phin, din hien thuc xa hdi chii nghia va hien thuc x i hdi chu nghia phat triln (Nga), din liln din hiln thuc hai k^t hgp (Trung Qudc), hien Ihue khdng gidi han (Phap), rdi hiln thuc huyin ao (My lathi) Ay Ihl mi gid day trude xu thl loan eiu hda, mdt mat ngudi ta khoet siu luin diem tha la su tan eiia ly tri da cd tii thdi sieu thuc, mat khic ho khude tit truyin thdng vi khOng ein hudng tdi tuong lai; nha van chi bidl hien tai mo hd, dd hinh tugng van chuang la mdt ehudi mo hd Ho quan nilm ring, thdi dai hiu cdng nghiep, ta sdng vdi thd gidi tu ddng hda, thi vin hda nghe thuit vdi chii nghia hiu hien dai tit y^u phai cd nhirng hinh ihiie sing lao khdng c6 tiln le Qua nhilu hinh thlie van hda mang, ehu nghia hau hien dai eung din anh hudng d ta, rd net nhat la qua nhilu bii tho tren cic trang vin nghe Qui nhilu bii tho ngudi doe khdng hilu tic gia mudn ndi gi, tham chi tic gia cung tu thiy tho minh li mdt kilu "sing tao" mo hd vi mdng lung Danh gii su bil^n ddng mang tinh xa hdi u-ong vin hda hien nay, cd le trudc hit ta phai nhin d^n cic "sing tao" xa rdi dac dilm td chit va ban sic vin hda din tdc {xem tilp trang 12) VAN H A NtfiHI^ THI IAT Wfliie nff»e nbOng khoang khie thdi gian khae nhau, diu su dilu chinh tinh cam ed xu hudng nguge chilu (budn thi them miu lac quan, vui thi khdng qudn nhic tdi dau thuong), nhung cd dilm gidng dd li each khoi ggi, plia mau d\x dl din dat eOng chiing viia nhd tdi cOng on cua Hd Chi Minh, viia doan kdt cung vugt len phi'a trudc Cai bi lac quan eung la mdt mdtip ma nhilu nhac si da lua chgn diy hiu nhu khdng nhm thiy bdng dang cua cii bi ndi each khae cii bi trudng hgp niy dugc khoa lip bdi mdt sic miu khic, sic mau cua su vui tuai lac quan dl tam lang quen cii dau thuong, tang tdc Dilu chi nhin vio tinh chit lich sit liic biy gid, hoac qua nhit ky eiia tic gia mdi thiy rd ban chit cua nd Con ngudi Viet Nam thudng vui thi cudi, budn thi khdc, khde dl giai tda ndi u uit long Cac tic gia cung b trang thii tam ly iy, nhimg gap cai bi cudc sdng d thdi dilm khdng thl khdc thi phil chgn mdt giai phip khae, dd la tim dl^n nilm vui, hoac mdt edng viee nao diy, dl liy lai trang thai can bang vl mat tam ly Nhilu nhac si da chgn hudng di niy, chang han nhu Huy Thue la mdt trudng hgp tieu bilu Nam 1969 khdng dau budn ehung ciia nhan dan ca nudc trude su di cua Hd Chi Minh, nhae si Huy Thue cung bat gap nhiing cung bac linh cam iy d mdt don vi bd doi, va Ong quy^t dinh dung lai hinh anh ciia Ngudi nhu van cdn dd bai Bdc vdn ciing ch&ng chdu hdnh qudn Nhae si Trin Chung eung tam thiic iy va chgn hudng di iy Trfin bai tha eiing ten cua nhi tho Nguyen Trung Thu, Ong da ddn nen nhiing cam xuc dl xiy dung thinh edng dien mao bai hit Dim Trudng Son nhd Bdc Tilp cin theo hudng niy cdn cd eie tic gia vdi cic tic phim: Cao Viet Bich - Mang hinh Bdc chdng ta len dudng, Nguyin Ddng Nai - Ngudi sdng mdi long mien Nam, Luu Ciu, Trin Nhat Lam - Mien Nam nhd mdi cm Ngudi Cd thl nd ring eai bi hien dien nhihig ca khiic tren ludn d dudi dang in Nhu viy, cii bi hinh nhu bi nit ngin lai va ddi sdng ciia Hd Chi Minh dudng nhu duge klo dii Dilu mudn ndi them d day la: vdi Hd Chi Mmh, khdng it nhac si ludn tilp can va phan anh chan dung cua Ngudi bang die trung cua nghe thuit am Dd li cich lua chgn khdn ngoan la each ling xii hii hda ciia nhae si vdi lieh sii, da't nudc va vdi vj lanh tu thien tai ciia dan tdc Chinh vi thd mi lie phim cua hg da vuOT thdi gian, khdng gian, ehi^m linh vi tri xiing ding lim tri eua edng chiing nghe nhac xua va • N.D.N Xem them, Duong Vi^t A, Ddc diem da kinh tamg am nhac Theo ddng dm cai dep sai canh, Nhac vien Hd N6i - Tnrdng Cao ddng Su pham Hd No(xb, HaNfii 1996, Ir.71 BIEN BONG CUA (tiep theo trang 8) Xiy dung chinh sach xa hdi cd vin hda dung din va ehdng lai xu thd phan vin hda la phO hgp vdi quy luit gii tri tu thin ciia van hda, vdi y nghia nhan van eao dep, la tim van hda mdt siic manh, mdt chit xiic tic ciia phit trien, phil hgp vdi yeu cau ciia nIn van minh tri tul dang anh hudng din toin eiu Mdt nIn van hda dugc kinh trgng bao gid eung thl hien d cae mat: bl diy lich sir cua cic gii tri sang tao, nhan tai vdi cac gia tri tda sing, tilm lue tri tue eiia nhin dan, vai trd quin chiing ddi vdi ddi sdng tinh thin Tinh xa hOi eiia van hda phai mang theo eie die dilm y nghia iy ciia mdt nIn van hda vdn cd cua dan tdc Tit sing tao, tdn tao dl^n ehuyin tai eac gii trj van hda cho nhin din, rdi nhin dan tao hilu qua, nhin lin siic manh ciia ddi sdng tinh thin Mdi quan he qua lai giiia cac khiu cung la mdi quan he nhin qua ciia mdt nIn van hda siu dam y nghia nhan din Tinh xa hOi hda van hda phai thl hiln sau sic tinh nhin dan iy • XL |gSd347 Thang 5-2013