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Exhibit Northern California Innovation Strategies Workforce Innovation Fund Technical Proposal Problem Statement: Unemployment in Northern California, at 12.3%, continues to be higher than the national average (8.5%). Within the 22 counties served by the seven (7) Workforce Investment Boards who have come together to propose the Northern California Innovation Strategies (NCIS) Consortium, December 2011 unemployment rates range from a low of 10.0% (Golden Sierra) to a high of 18.2% (North Central Counties). Work is very hard to find for most of California’s unemployed. The average unemployed worker in California has been out of work for six months or longer. This is of great concern in light of recent findings by the Brookings Institute that “the longer a worker is out of work, the harder it is for them to find work. Moreover, even after they are re‐employed, many workers will experience reduced earnings in their new jobs, resulting in significant lifetime earnings losses” (Michael Greenstone and Adam Looney in “Shrinking Opportunities: The Challenge of Putting Americans Back to Work,” 2012). With large numbers of unemployed workers on the path to long‐term unemployment at the same time that state resources are shrinking, system alignment is the only solution for sustaining and maximizing the benefits of any state or federal workforce initiative. Braiding resources across different systems—WIBs, Community Colleges, County Welfare/Human Assistance departments, and Economic Development agencies—will be necessary to ensure that Northern Californians receive comprehensive services leading to employment and self‐ sufficiency. System alignment strategies are needed to: a) assist unemployed and low‐skilled workers in attaining skills required for in‐demand and available jobs (middle‐skill jobs); b) improve job placement and retention rates among workforce system clients; c) reduce the Exhibit length of time customers are on unemployment insurance or public assistance; and d) support the health and growth of small businesses, the key drivers of job growth. The Northern California Innovation Strategies (NCIS), a consortium of seven Workforce Investment Boards (Sacramento, Golden Sierra, NORTEC, North Central Counties, Mendocino, Yolo, and Humboldt Workforce Investment Boards) representing 22 counties covering 48,354 square miles of Northern California, has come together to address core issues/barriers impacting the effectiveness of the workforce development system and the regional economy: 1. Regulatory and Structural Barriers. WIA operators, community colleges, and local welfare programs share many of the same customers. The establishment of the One‐Stop Career Center system has helped to foster coordination between these various arms of the workforce system and, as a result, the system has greatly enhanced service delivery to clients. Through increased coordination, common clients have gained access to more job options, however, a number of regulatory and structural barriers still exist that result in costly duplication of services and/or gaps in service. The NCIS has identified the following major barriers for Northern California: a) Regulatory Barriers ‐ Regulatory requirements discourage community colleges, apprenticeship and other programs from participating in the State Eligible Training Provider List; and b) Structural Barriers ‐ No mechanisms currently exist to track and share data on common clients across agencies, making it difficult to monitor and share the progress and outcomes of clients. 2. Economic Barriers. In addition to regulatory and structural barriers that cause duplication or gaps in service, the region is faced with two distinct economic challenges that impact the effectiveness of the workforce system. Exhibit a. Skills Mismatch: The problem of high and long‐term unemployment in California is compounded by a documented skills mismatch between the jobs that are growing in the regional economy and the skills of workers. The skills of unemployed workers are not the skills that employers are looking for to fill job vacancies that exist. This skills mismatch is a major problem across the United States. According to Gary Burtless, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institute, in a report published January 13, 2012, “Our Immediate Job Crisis and Long‐Run Employment Problem,” the reason for “continued high joblessness is that the skills of unemployed workers are unsuitable for the jobs that now exist.” According to national trends, “middle‐skill” jobs—jobs which require more than high‐school, but less than a four‐year degree—make up the largest part of America’s and California’s labor market are expected to remain robust relative to supply (Holtzer, 2009). In 2009, 47% of California’s jobs were in middle‐skill occupations, but only 38% of the state’s workers had the training necessary for these jobs. In some cases, even workers trained for middle‐skill jobs have difficulty being hired and retained. Community colleges report that new graduates are not being hired or retained due to their lack of work experience. WIBs also report that dislocated workers and veterans are often unable to compete for jobs because they are not able to identify and communicate their transferable skills to employers. b. Struggling Small Businesses: The financial crisis and the resulting deep recession have taken a toll on small business, the primary engine for job creation in Northern California. The number of startup establishments has fallen off to a greater extent in this recession than in the 2001 recession. The number of startup establishments declined 23% between 2005 and 2010. (The State of American Small Business, Martin Neil Bailey, February 1, 2012 Testimony to House Exhibit Committee on Small Business). The ability of small business to generate employment depends heavily on a continuous flow of startups. Economic recovery depends on a renewal of business startups and the health of existing small businesses. In the early stages of the recovery from the recession there was some hiring by larger businesses, but very little from small business. The same holds true in the recent uptick of employment growth, as larger businesses have had sufficient financial resources to risk hiring new employess. The private sector can only fully recover if small business is willing to risk new investments. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, small businesses account for 66 percent of all new jobs created over the past 17 years and employ 50 percent of all private sector employees. Unfortunately, due to the economic uncertainty that persists, small businesses are hesitant to risk hiring new employees or make capital investments. The housing market, a traditional source of investment for small business, remains weak; and access to financing and credit remains tight, as recovery in the commercial lending markets lags overall economic recovery. With relatively low inflation and interest rates, the business environment is poised for job growth, but a catalyst is needed to propel risk‐taking and parallel levels of job growth for small businesses. Strategies that reduce small businesses risk of hiring new employees, like subsidized employment and tax incentives, are needed to stimulate growth. Project Description ‐ Strategic Approach and Logic Model To address the problems created by regulatory, structural, and economic barriers, the NCIS is proposing a theory of change/ logic model with the following goals and outcomes: A GOAL 1: Expand sector initiatives targeting “middle‐skill jobs” which result in career pathways and include classroom instruction, hands‐on training, career coaching, supportive Exhibit services and placement in jobs, to assist unemployed and low‐skilled, less educated workers attain skills that lead to self‐sufficiency by a) increasing the number of programs and credentials targeting “middle‐skill jobs” listed on the California Eligible Training Provider List (ETPL), and increasing the number of WIA‐funded Individual Training Accounts (ITAs) approved to fund career pathways to high‐demand, high‐wage occupations and long‐term job retention; b) focusing on critical sectors which offer career pathways in high demand occupations and decrease the cost of training; and c) establishing a network of System Navigators across the partnership who will be cross‐trained in the education, human service, workforce and economic development services and processes and who will assist in alleviating structural and regulatory barriers. Outcome: 100% of community colleges in Northern California will list “middle‐skill” credential programs on the California Eligible Training Provider List and will increase the number of ITAs used to train vulnerable populations in community colleges and apprenticeship programs, resulting in 235 individuals in Northern California completing training and achieving a credential or degree in high demand, high wage occupations, with an entered employment rate of 70%, retention rate of 80% and an average wage of $14.00. B GOAL 2: Foster cooperation and braid WIA funding received by local Workforce Investment Boards and TANF/State AB98 funding received by County Welfare Departments to provide Subsidized Employment and On‐The‐Job Training (OJT) opportunities which offer wage subsidies to employers who train and hire low‐income youth and adults and welfare recipients, veterans, and dislocated workers in jobs resulting in career pathways to high‐demand occupations. Exhibit Outcome: OJT and Subsidized Employment contracts with employers to hire and train unemployed individuals with barriers to employment (welfare recipients, veterans, dislocated workers and youth) resulting in 595 individuals in Northern California completing training with an entered employment rate of 70%, retention rate of 80% and an average wage of $12.50. Utilize System Navigators to align community college programs with workforce, human service and economic development systems to offer training‐related subsidized employment opportunities to support classroom instruction and improve the marketability of graduates. C GOAL 3: Provide intensive Work Ready Services for dislocated workers and unemployed professionals who have been on unemployment insurance for at least 10 weeks or longer to provide training and job placement services to quickly assist them in returning to the workforce. Outcome: Reduction in length of time that dislocated workers in Northern California receive unemployment insurance before returning to the workforce. Of the 340 dislocated workers served by NCIS, 70% will return to work within 6 months of their layoff date, with a retention rate of 80% and an average wage of $14.10. D. GOAL 4: Establish innovative alliances to incubate and nurture business start‐ups and support the growth of small businesses; and implement policies and programs creating new business start‐ups, supporting entrepreneurs, and assisting the growth of small businesses. Outcome: 255 small businesses and business start‐ups will receive business assistance services and will be connected to financing through angel investment and small business loans programs in Northern California. Retention of 450 jobs and creation of 200 jobs Exhibit through programs and services provided to start‐ups and existing small businesses throughout Northern California. The goals and outcomes of the NCIS will result in identification and evaluation of promising practices for system alignment in the region, and successes will be replicated across Northern California, resulting in stronger cooperation across programs and funding streams, braided funding approaches, greater efficiency in the delivery of quality services, and better results for job seekers and employers. The Logic Model and theory of change, depicted visually on page 12, illustrates how the activities funded by the Workforce Innovation fund, combined with leveraged funding from local partners, will generate the outcomes and achieve the goals of the NCIS by: a) establishing cross‐agency MOUs for policy alignment, braiding funding, cross‐training, and data sharing; b) identifying, evaluating and implementing promising practices for system alignment in the region, and replicating successes across Northern California; c) aligning funding streams to support sector initiatives targeting career pathways in “middle‐skill jobs” which are employer‐ driven and include classroom instruction, hands‐on training, career coaching, supportive services, and improved access to good jobs; d) providing re‐employment assistance using employer and industry associations to help workers find new jobs ; e) establishing innovative alliances to incubate and nurture business start‐ups and support the growth of small businesses; and f) creating more jobs by strengthening business competitiveness and linking workers’ skill improvements to economic development. The NCIS has selected these proven strategies to overcome the regulatory, structural, and economic barriers identified in the region and to increase coordination and data‐sharing Exhibit between agencies across Northern California; reduce duplication and gaps in services for clients; increase growth among small businesses in the region; and achieve better completion and job placement rates. Logic Model and Evidence Base for this Strategy System Alignment/Increasing Coordination between Agencies: Northern California Innovation Strategies (NCIS) ¾ INDIVIDUALS ENTER THE WORKFORCE SYSTEM FROM MULTIPLE ENTRY POINTS. OFTEN TIMES, SEPARATE AGENCIES SERVE THE SAME POPULATION, RESULTING IN DUPLICATION OR GAPS IN SERVICES AND INCREASED TRAINING COSTS Community Colleges WIBs/One‐Stops •Eligibility screening •Skills /needs assessments •Case management •Support services •Trainings and workshops •Job placement assistance Shared Data •Basic skills education •Career/technical training •Financial aid, VA benefits •Academic/career counseling •Referrals to direct services •Internships/work study • • Braided Funding County Welfare State Offices •Eligibility screening •Case management •Work incentives and supports •Referrals to services •Benefits administration •Eligibility screening •Re‐employment Assist System Alignment Entrepreneurs/ Small Business assistance Work ready training On‐the‐job training Job creation NCIS Strategies: •Identify and adopt policies and structures that encourage system alignment •Share data on common clients •Conduct cross‐agency trainings •Braid funding and strategically focus resources on training within in‐demand career pathways •Increase small business support •Increase subsidized employment/OJT opportunities ¾ ADDITIONAL BARRIERS IMPEDE THE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM: • Employers ‐ Regulatory barriers – Certain regulations present challenges to system alignment Skills Mismatch – Workers’ skills do not match skills required for current jobs available Small Business – Small businesses are declining rather than growing Expected Outcomes: System alignment Better results for clients Better jobs Reduced workforce system costs Coordination between agencies produces benefits for both the clients and the agencies involved. In 1991, the ETA sponsored an extensive study to assess the extent to which coordination enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of the DOL’s Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) programs. The study (Trutko et al.) involved a literature review of over 100 articles and reports on JTPA coordination, interviews with staff from 60 coordination projects, and on‐ site case studies of nine of the projects. The study found that coordination increased access to Exhibit a wider range of services and reduced barriers to accessing services for clients. Through coordination, agencies reported having better access to additional funding, greater flexibility in the use of funds, and improved tracking and placement of clients. These capabilities led to enhanced performance outcomes, increased operational efficiency, and cost savings through the elimination of duplicative efforts. For this project, specific coordination strategies will include cross‐training agency staff, sharing data on common clients, identifying a point of contact at each college to serve as a liaison between agencies (similar to co‐location of One Stop staff), and establishing cross‐ agency MOUs or interagency agreements. The first three strategies are modeled after effective strategies identified by community college/One Stop Center partnerships in the Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on workforce development, “Community Colleges and One‐ Stop Centers Collaborate to Meet 21st Century Workforce Needs” (2008). Establishing interagency agreements among educational and non‐educational agencies has been recognized as an effective method to assist youth with disabilities in transition processes related to postsecondary education, employment services, social services, and other adult services and supports (Hadden, Fowler, Fink, & Wischnowski, 1995). Unemployed workers, veterans, and other clients of the workforce system share similar transition needs and are likely to receive better services through the creation and/or continuation of interagency agreements. Training in Middle‐Skill Jobs. In “Working Learners, Educating our Entire Workforce for Success in the 21st Century” (2009), Louis Soares makes the case that Workforce Development in the 21st century should be about postsecondary credential attainment. Experts now generally agree that a minimum of one year of post‐secondary education is required to Exhibit 10 consistently get someone to skill levels that support a job with family sustaining wages. Research from a Washington state study, for example, found that an occupational credential and 45 credits was the “tipping point” for substantially increasing earnings—with the benefit varying depending on the prior education of the student1. The community college partners of NCIS currently offer a wide range of certificate and degree programs that are at least one year in length which lead to industry‐recognized credentials or transfer to four‐year degree programs. NCIS members will use WIA‐funded Individual Training Accounts to fund training for postsecondary credentials in selected career pathways. In particular, the NCIS will select career pathways that target “middle‐skill” jobs. Middle‐skill jobs—jobs which require more than high‐school, but less than a four‐year degree— make up the largest part of America’s and California’s labor market and are expected to remain robust relative to supply (Holtzer, 2009). In 2009, 47% of California’s jobs were in middle‐skill occupations, but only 38% of the state’s workers have the training necessary for these jobs. Furthermore, the NCIS and its human services and community college partners will actively engage employer and industry partners in program planning and throughout the implementation of this project. Evidence from the Hamilton Project2, a recent study on effective strategies for improving training programs for American workers, suggests that the most effective training programs a) closely match the type and intensity of training to the needs of workers, b) directly engage employer and industry partners, and c) actively guide students to career‐specific training. The NCIS Consortium has actively engaged employers and industry Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, “Building Pathways to Success for Low‐Skill Adult Students: Lessons for Community College Policy and Practice from a Longitudinal Student Tracking Study,” Research Report No. 06‐2 (April 2005), available at http://www.sbctc.ctc.edu/docs/data/research_reports/resh_06‐2_tipping_point.pdf. Harry J. Holzer, The Hamilton Project, “Raising Job Quality and Skills for American Workers: Creating More Effective Education and Workforce Development systems in the States”, November 2011.