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Project Abstract -Approved for Public Release Ohio Manufacturing Talent Expansion for the Defense Industrial Supply Chain Problem: Driven by the concurrent impact of an aging workforce and the rapid pace of new technology adoption, a significant disparity exists between the number of available manufacturing jobs and the number of qualified applicants Objective: Develop and implement effective and replicable innovative state level strategies for meeting the talent and skill needs of the nation’s defense manufacturing industry Technical Approaches: The proposed Ohio Manufacturing Talent Expansion for the Defense Industrial Supply Chain project focuses on the immediate need for an increased number of production and technician workers (such as machinists, welders, industrial maintenance and engineering technologists), in Ohio manufacturing companies serving the defense industry while concurrently building capacity to prepare incumbent and future workers with the advanced skills needed in an increasingly high-tech, automated environment This directly advances the goal of the DoD to better position current and next-generation manufacturing workforce, and aligns with the DoD’s National Defense Strategy to enhance the civilian workforce and devise new public-private partnerships to work with small companies, start-ups, and universities Innovative strategies include: specific tactics for engaging new talent (Guided Pathways for Youth) as well as education and training of adults (Acceleration Strategies for Adults), either as new entrants to the advanced manufacturing workforce or in support of new technology adoption Partners are focused on innovative delivery in partnership with industry, combined with easing the articulation of earned credentials into continued educational pathways NextFlex, America’s Flexible Hybrid Electronic Innovation Institute, serves as a strategic partner Anticipated Outcomes: Project outcome goals: 1125 individuals engaged/trained with skills that meet needs of Ohio defense industry; 4080 students participate in FlexFactor; 200+ defense industry partners engaged Ohio is uniquely positioned to serve as a leader in solving workforce challenges facing manufacturing, through a public-private collaboration called the Ohio Manufacturing Workforce Partnership (OMWP), led by the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA), in partnership with a consortium of higher education institutions called Ohio TechNet (OTN), and other state and industry leaders Six Ohio TechNet (OTN) colleges serve as Leader Colleges for the proposed initiative These colleges serve regions with a heavy defense supply chain, have existing partnerships with leading defense industry contractors, and will model innovative strategies to ensure that talent is available to produce military systems and components Regional Leader Colleges include: Lorain County CC, Stark State College, and Cuyahoga CC (Tri-C); Sinclair CC; Columbus State CC; and Cincinnati State Impact on DoD Capabilities: The requested investment will result in outcomes that directly align to DoD priorities under the Manufacturing Engineering Education Program • Short Term (Year 1) - Increased engagement of defense industry employers (existing and new); Innovations in curriculum development and delivery; Alignment to industry recognized credentials; Expansion of earn and learn opportunities; FlexFactor adoption as a unified talent engagement strategy aligned to needs of defense suppliers • Middle Term (Year 2) – Increased and accelerated enrollment and completion of postsecondary manufacturing programs; Increased earn and learn opportunities with defense partners; Documentation of innovations in delivery, such as competency-based, micro-credentialing, and industry-education partnerships supporting them • Long Term (Year and post-grant) - System-wide strategies emerge for dissemination; Continuation of nationally relevant, transferable, and stackable curriculum TECHNICAL PROPOSAL FOA #N00014-19-S-F006 Manufacturing Engineering Education Program Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Ohio Manufacturing Talent Expansion for the Defense Industrial Supply Chain Prime Applicant Lorain County Community College Sub-Awards Cincinnati State Technical and Community College Columbus State Community College Cuyahoga Community College (Tri-C) Sinclair Community College Stark State College NextFlex Learning Programs Administrative/Business and Technical Contact Terri Burgess Sandu Director, Talent & Business Innovation Lorain County Community College Telephone: 440.366.4215 Email: tsandu@lorainccc.edu Proposed Period of Performance 36 months, 09/01/2019 – 08/31/2022 Total Proposed Budget $5,000,000 Table of Contents Technical Approach – Overview Proposed Education/Training Program A Specific Industry Needs/ Collaborations with Target Industry Partners B Program-Specific Measures of Participant Outcomes C Qualified and Experienced Education and Training Personnel D Continuous Improvement Approach The Initiatives or Activities to Attract Superior Participants A Innovation and Projected Effectiveness of the Proposed Project 11 B Significance of the Impacts on Participants, Target Industries or Communities 11 Sustainability -Detailed Business Strategy 12 Realism and Reasonableness in the Proposed Budget 12 Project Director/ Principal Investigator Qualifications 14 Responsibility 15 Reports 15 Technical Approach – Overview Ohio plays a critical role in the nation’s defense industry as the top supplier to leading aerospace and defense companies, and plays a vital role in the advancement of new technologies as evidenced by its engagement with a number of Manufacturing Innovation Institutes supported by the Department of Defense (DoD), such as Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT), America Makes, NextFlex, and the Advanced Robotics for Manufacturing (ARM) Institute The proposed Ohio Manufacturing Talent Expansion for the Defense Industrial Supply Chain project focuses on meeting the immediate need for production and technician workers in Ohio manufacturing companies serving the defense industry while concurrently building capacity within both industry and higher education to prepare incumbent and future workers with the advanced skills needed in an increasingly high-tech environment With a specific focus on shop-floor capabilities, this project directly advances the goal of the DoD to better position the current and next-generation manufacturing workforce The collaborative effort aligns with the DoD’s National Defense Strategy to enhance the civilian workforce and devise new public-private partnerships to work with small companies, start-ups, and universities Manufacturing is the leading private sector employer in Ohio and the state is expected to see continued sector growth over the next ten years The challenge to ensure that there are enough qualified technicians to fill these increasingly high-tech manufacturing occupations is driven by the concurrent impact of an aging workforce and the rapid pace of new technology adoption within the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) Future growth may be constrained by the significant disparity between the number of available manufacturing jobs and the number of qualified applicants to fill those jobs (OMA, 2019) Ohio is uniquely positioned to serve as a leader in solving this acute workforce challenge, through a public-private collaboration called the Ohio Manufacturing Workforce Partnership (OMWP), led by the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA), in partnership with a consortium of higher education institutions called Ohio TechNet (OTN), and other state and industry leaders OMA has spearheaded a movement among Ohio manufacturers, informed by a statewide workforce roadmap, to implement industry-led sector partnerships, facilitating collaboration among education, economic development, workforce development, and industry leaders to address workforce gaps in regional labor markets Colleges throughout Ohio will partner with these industry partners to enhance curricula with defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin, GE Aviation, Arconic, Siemens, LC Technologies, Southwire and others; and research and development organizations such as Wright Patterson Airforce Base, NASA Glenn, Battelle Memorial Institute, and the Ohio Manufacturing Institute at The Ohio State University OMA will assist with statewide dissemination strategies, scaling and sustainability NextFlex, the Flexible Hybrid Electronic Innovation Institute, serves as a strategic partner Driven by engagement with an anticipated 200+ industry partners, OMWP has established ambitious, yet attainable goals for this project Partners are set to train 1,125 adult workers over three years, with an additional 4,080 high-school students engaged in advanced manufacturing career awareness through participation in FlexFactor, a collaborative technology and entrepreneurship program for youth developed by NextFlex This work will bolster statewide capacity to recruit and educate skilled technicians throughout the advanced manufacturing sector to maintain the superiority of the United States Department of Defense Proposed Education/Training Program Six Ohio TechNet (OTN) partners serve as Leader Colleges for the proposed initiative Leader Colleges serve regions with a heavy defense supply chain, and have existing partnerships with defense industry contractors, as demonstrated in Figure These colleges are: Lorain County CC, Stark State College, and Cuyahoga CC (Tri-C), all in Northeast Ohio; Sinclair CC in Dayton/Southwest Ohio; Columbus State CC in Central Ohio; and Cincinnati State in Southwest Ohio These colleges will model innovative strategies to ensure that talent is available to produce military systems and components to maintain technological superiority for the DoD This project utilizes regional and statewide workforce assets to enhance innovations related to (1) Guided Pathways for Youth, and (2) Acceleration Strategies for Adults Curriculum Focus: Leader Colleges and partners will focus on shop-floor capabilities and middle-skill STEM jobs As programs are launched in response to Industry 4.0, additional innovation is expected in fields such as Industrial Internet of Things, Data Analytics, and Robotics Guided Pathways for Youth and Acceleration Strategies for Adults both rely on industry adoption of nationally portable credentials and certificates Each Leader College will utilize a combination of the shared strategies in Table Table Innovative Delivery Methods/ Grant Strategies Guided Pathways for Youth (HS) Acceleration Strategies for Adults • FlexFactor • Leveraging Military Transfer Assurance Guides (M-TAGS) • Enhanced dual enrollment & CTE Pathways • Leveraging Competency-Based • Hybrid curriculum design Education (CBE) • Expansion of Earn and Learn • Leveraging Prior Learning Assessment • Expanding industry partnerships for • Expansion of earn and learn programs outreach industry • Expanded engagement of underrepresented • Building/enhancing partnerships audiences into manufacturing pathways Shared Strategies and Assets College Credit Plus – high school/college dual enrollment program, includes CTE pathways FlexFactor - advanced manufacturing career pathway initiative partnering K-12 schools with community colleges and industry partners (developed by NextFlex) Applied Bachelor’s Degrees - offered by some community colleges to create new avenues for partnering with industry to offer advanced technical training Ohio Manufacturing Foundations Certificate - industry-supported, state-recognized certification University Partnerships - numerous articulation agreements between universities and OTN colleges that provide pathways to bachelor and advanced degrees, including University of Cincinnati, Miami University, University of Akron, Cleveland State University, and The Ohio State University including the Ohio Manufacturing Institute Each college, with industry input, has identified priority occupations and educational pathways that will complement statewide shared strategies that focus on enhancing defense manufacturing As part of a coordinated strategy to leverage innovative high school dual enrollment opportunities within Ohio, and as part the Guided Pathway for Youth strategy, all Leader Colleges will implement iterations of FlexFactor, designed by NextFlex, a Manufacturing USA Institute (explained in Section II) Rapid-skill provision, digital badging/industry-recognized credentials, competency-based education, credit for prior learning, and expansion of earn and learn / apprenticeship are among the innovations Leader Colleges will pursue within the Acceleration Strategies for Adults pillar Table Ohio TechNet Regional Leader Colleges, Assets, and Defense Industry Partners Northeast Ohio Region Lorain County Community College Assets: Earn and learn innovation (microelectronics, automation), FlexFactor, advanced facilities (microsystems commercialization; digital fabrication; FabLab), MyUniversity (HS dual enrollment to BA), Applied Bachelor’s degree in microelectronics; short-term/ Fast Path certification; CBE; active partnerships with America Makes, ARM, LIFT, NextFlex for talent engagement, digital badging, other innovations Pathways: MEMS, digital fabrication, automation, industrial internet of things, data analytics Defense Industry Partners: Siemens, Southwire, RP+M, Elyria Foundry, NASA Glenn Guided Pathways for Youth: Expansion of FlexFactor and development of sustainability strategy; Leverage Ohio Manufacturing Foundations via high school coursework Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Use CNC Machining/Operator Pathway to develop noncredit to credit pathways with credit for prior learning; Industry-Faculty collaboration to solve challenge of hands-on learning; Targeted veteran, military and women outreach Cuyahoga Community College (Tri-C) Assets: Early College Early Career partnership with MAGNET (regional MEP); additive manufacturing curriculum Pathways: CAD Robotics, Industry 4.0 related pathways Defense Industry Partners: Arconic, Swagelok, NASA Glenn Guided Pathways for Youth: FlexFactor Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Customize existing programs (Precision Machining Technology, Additive Manufacturing, Industrial Welding, Mechatronics, Industrial Maintenance) to meet the training needs and fill open positions of defense industry employers Stark State College Assets: Registered Apprenticeship program, Learn to Earn program, Learn to Earn Next Level Pathways: CNC Machining, Welding, Engineering Technologies programs, Defense Industry Partners: Sandia National Laboratories, Lockheed Martin, BWX Technologies, The Timken Company Guided Pathways for Youth: Implement FlexFactor program, expanding reach throughout project period and beyond; Leverage Learn to Earn program for K-12 students, which aligns with Ohio’s College Credit Plus program Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Leverage Learn to Earn Next Level, specifically designed for adult learners- results in stackable industry-recognized credential; Develop curriculum for a nondestructive testing program, which will provide students with an in-demand manufacturing skillset appealing to Ohio defense manufacturers; Leverage Prior Learning Assessment options Southwest Ohio Region Sinclair Community College Assets: Registered apprenticeships, CBE, accelerated pathways, National UAS Center, NSF National Center for Supply Chain Automation, NSF Midwest Professionals for Logistics Engineering Technology Education, Center of Excellence in Cyber Security, New MilitaryAffiliated Students Center and Office of Work Based Learning Sinclair’s CBE model is leading the state’s development of a competency-based education network for all colleges and universities across the state Pathways: Automation & Control Technology, Computer Aided Manufacturing, Electronics Engineering Technology, Industrial Engineering Technology, Mechanical Engineering Technology, SkillsTrac-Industrial Maintenance, and Supply Chain Management Defense Industry Partners: Heroux Devtek, Millat Industries, Air Force Institute of Technology at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Guided Pathways for Youth: FlexFactor, which will work in tandem with College Credit Plus and Tech Prep Sinclair is the Tech Prep Regional Center West for the state of Ohio; Youth preapprenticeship programs Women in STEM K-12 recruitment initiative Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Develop new curricula on topics such as welding, robotics, and 3D printing to be delivered in accelerated and hybrid modalities to support industry 4.0 and the defense industrial supply chain Curriculum will have embedded certifications such as: FANUC Robotics, NIMS ITM, SolidWorks, and Siemens PLC Cincinnati State TCC Assets: Workforce Development Center, Additive Mfg for Light Weighting Curriculum (LIFT), Faculty mentoring LIFT Pathways: Additive Mfg, Industrial Maintenance, Mechatronics, Robotics, CNC Machinist Defense Industry Partners: GE Aviation Additive Power, Rhinstahl, Siemens, Meyer Tool Guided Pathways for Youth: FlexFactor with connection to college / career pathways Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Identify, develop and deploy short-term certificate, microcredential, and apprenticeship programs and create opportunities for adult students Create stackable credentials that link to further certificates and degrees Central Ohio Region Columbus State Community College Assets: Modern Manufacturing Work Study, Collaboration of Midwest Professionals for Logistics Engineering Technology Education (COMPLETE), Manufacturing Experiential Advancement Readiness Network (EARN) Pathways: Electronic Engineering, Electro-Mechanical Engineering Defense Industry Partners: Abbott Laboratories, Allied Mineral Products, Autodesk, Inc., Battelle Memorial Institute, Guild Associates, Inc Guided Pathways for Youth: FlexFactor, which will work in tandem with College Credit Plus opportunities; Leverage existing Manufacturing Night recruitment event, and the work being done in NSF ATE project Design Thinking: Additive Manufacturing Summer Institute, to increase the recruitment pipeline of high school students Acceleration Strategies for Adults: Provide additional evening classes, industry certification prep; Avenue to apply PLA to certifications; Focus on the Operator/Maintainer program offered through the IST Lab, which serves as an entry to employment and is a bootcamp with flexible scheduling; upon completion, students enter entry level positions as Maintenance Assistance Statewide Dissemination Strategies: Existing infrastructure will be leveraged to guide and support statewide dissemination strategies Ohio has worked extensively in recent years to build the capacity of manufacturer-led regional sector partnership, which are forming across Ohio, partnering with local organizations to implement manufacturing workforce solutions LCCC and Leader Colleges have been significant partners in these efforts, through the Ohio TechNet consortium and related partnership with the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA) OMA has committed to making Ohio the recognized national leader in manufacturing talent development Three committees (Leadership, Intermediary, State Agency) led by OMA guide and inform this work Additionally, Ohio's community college system has created the Ohio Workforce League, a new statewide workforce team that offers an additional vehicle for statewide dissemination Specific statewide strategies under this project include Host webinars and leverage in person gatherings to engage employers throughout the state; Develop an automation career pathway and curriculum toolkit customizable for regional variation; Provide professional development / certification resources to faculty/instructors throughout Ohio based on industry priorities; and Summarize impact of project strategies and work with State partners to advance recommendations to policy makers that scale and sustain effective innovations and strategies A Specific Industry Needs/ Collaborations with Target Industry Partners Manufacturing is the leading private sector employer in Ohio, accounting for 700,000 jobs totaling over $40 billion in annual wages The manufacturing industry comprises nearly 17% of Ohio’s Gross Domestic Product, with over $50 billion in exported products sent to 213 countries and territories in 2018 (OMA, 2019) Since 2013, Ohio has consistently ranked second in the nation for new manufacturing sites, gaining an average of 512 new manufacturing sites each year (Site Selection, 2018) Ohio’s robust manufacturing industry has established the state as a hub of aerospace and defense activity Ohio is home to several key economic forces that support the defense industry, including Wright Patterson Air Force Base, the world’s largest military research and development center and Ohio’s largest single site employer (Jobs Ohio, 2018) Ohio is the top supplier for Boeing, which has at least 375 suppliers in the state that support 400,000 jobs (Salomone, 2017) In addition, NASA’s John H Glenn Research Center in Northeast Ohio is a significant economic development engine and job generator for the state of Ohio, generating over $700 million annually in economic activity and supporting over 7,000 jobs (CSU, 2017) Ohio’s manufacturing industry is more productive and efficient than ever, and the role of skilled workers is vital Skilled and re-skilled technicians are in high demand in Ohio’s advanced manufacturing industry The proposed project focuses on production level occupational pathways that rely on adaptive, technical, and automation-era skillsets Within these pathways, Industry 4.0 skillsets and critical manufacturing competencies will be targeted in curricula enhancements and work-based training programs The table below lists the occupations and their respective demand, together representing over 500,000 jobs and 48,000 annual openings in Ohio Table 3: Labor Market Demand, Ohio Pathways Occupations 2016 Jobs Entry-Level: CNC Machine Operators; Machinists 85,381 Middle-Skilled: CNC Programmers; Tool and Die 9,853 Higher Skilled: Industrial Prod Manager; Mechanical Engineer 25,934 Annual Openings 8,290 900 1,903 Average Wage $17.97 $24.50 $40.73 Entry-Level: Metal Fab/Fitters; Production Workers Middle-Skilled: Supervisors of Production Workers Higher Skilled: Industrial Engineers Entry-Level: Welders and Setters Middle-Skilled: Welding Inspectors Higher Skilled: Materials Engineer; Welding Supervisors Entry-Level: Ind Machining, Mechatronics, Crane Operators Middle-Skilled: Mech Drafters; Eng Tech.; Elec Install Higher Skilled: Mechatronics/Robotics Eng; Electrical Engineer 132,078 30,654 14,744 21,230 31,179 32,247 82,459 16,866 17,412 13,883 2,898 1,102 2,259 3,014 3,018 8,482 1,515 1,231 $15.66 $28.16 $38.24 $18.49 $18.11 $28.87 $20.50 $26.68 $41.85 B Program-Specific Measures of Participant Outcomes With the support of an external program evaluator, a uniform data collection and reporting system will be implemented across all sites and organizations Leader Colleges will measure youth and adult participants (disaggregated by gender, race, and ethnicity), earned certifications, degrees and industry-recognized credentials, work-based learning experiences, and articulations/transfer to bachelor/advanced degrees Employer input on the success or impact of this initiative will be gathered by survey and via regional advisory councils Table Program Participant Outcomes Youth Adult Industry Participants Participants Recognized (FlexFactor) Certifications/ Credentials Yr 750 235 174 Yr 1475 410 285 Yr 1955 480 348 Total 4180 1125 807 Completed WorkBased Learning 60 96 125 281 Degree or Articulated to Credential 4-year Obtained Postsecondary Partner 48 10 79 13 207 15 334 38 C Qualified and Experienced Education and Training Personnel The overall project will be led by Terri Burgess Sandu, Director of Talent and Business Innovation at Lorain County Community College Ms Sandu’s professional qualifications are listed in detail in the Qualifications section; the overall management approach and organizational chart can be found in the Management Approach section Leader Colleges are members of Ohio TechNet, a consortium of education and training institutions promoting efficiency and creativity through coordination of higher education’s efforts to support the workforce needs of manufacturers The activities of participating Leader Colleges will be led by their respective appointed personnel These individuals are listed in Table and their resumes are attached NextFlex serves as a key partner both for implementation of FlexFactor and national perspective on needs/trends in support of DoD manufacturing priorities Table Key Team Members Organization Institutional Project Managers Lorain County Terri Burgess Sandu, Project CC Director; B Gosky, Ohio TechNet Manager; A Schweppe, Business Role Lead Applicant / Statewide project management Lorain County CC Cuyahoga CC (Tri-C) Stark State College Sinclair CC Cincinnati State TCC Columbus State CC NextFlex Learning Programs Engagement; M Matthews, communications, data management Deanna Strauss-Hersko, FlexFactor Program Manager Alethea Ganaway, Program Manager, 3D Additive Mfg Don M Ball, Ed.D Dean, Engineering Technologies Anthony Ponder, Dean, Division of Science, Math, and Engineering Amy Waldbillig, Vice President Workforce Development Scott Wegeng, Director, Employer Engagemt & Experiential Learning Brynt Parmeter, Director of Workforce Development, Education, & Training Statewide TBD through procurement process Dissemination, Scaling and Sustainability Strategies Leader College (implementation) Leader College Leader College Leader College Leader College Leader College Statewide FlexFactor adoption Advisor on national defense manufacturing talent priorities Engage employers throughout the state Disseminate materials that support replication and sustainability Automation career pathway Statewide professional development D Continuous Improvement Approach Project partners will utilize a continuous improvement approach that aligns with the DoD’s Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Transformation Guidebook Working with an independent evaluator, senior personnel will establish processes, templates, and timeframes for data collection and convening, as well as methods for reflection and distribution Planning, analysis, and goal alignment will be central to the process Steps include:1) Ecosystem alignment - Convene Leader Colleges, high school and industry partners to plan the integration of FlexFactor into existing curricula and pathways; 2) Partner onboarding- Confirm roles, responsibilities, and workflows with each partnering organization; 3) Toolkit for Project Management- Provide toolkit for Program Managers from each Leader College to ensure consistent data collection, timeframes, and curricula delivery; 4) Deliver the Program Strategies Initiate the program, deliver content to students; 5) Measuring the program- Utilize the uniform measurement system to benchmark and assess progress relative to specific goals and objectives, and budgeted activities An external program evaluator will support the deployment of measurement systems and tools across all Leader Colleges; 6) Impact Sharing- Disseminate the results of the program through the statewide infrastructure The Initiatives or Activities to Attract Superior Participants This proposal integrates initiatives for veterans, women, minorities and other priority or underrepresented audiences, both adults and youth, including: Table 6: Strategies to Increase Access for Under-represented Populations Population Initiatives and Strategies Engagement of veterans through connections with VA hospitals, veterans’ programs, and veterans’ scholarship programs Military Transfer Assurance Guides (MTAGs) provide a statewide guarantee that certain types of military training, experience, and/or coursework align to existing college and university courses and will be awarded appropriate credit Veterans/ National Association of Manufacturers will provide technical assistance drawing Military on their Heroes MAKE America program with special focus on service members Population exiting the service from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton, OH) Each Leader College has a variety of recognized high-quality programs designed to be military friendly and offer specific services for veterans Sinclair, for example, is located within 20 miles of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and serves an estimated 3,500 veterans and active service members annually Women’s outreach initiatives including engagement with a national impact community hosted by SkillsCommons.org called WISE Pathways, and a statelevel women’s outreach initiative to be embarked on in concert with the OMWP, leveraging MakingOhio.com Women Leader Colleges target women through marketing and recruitment materials that highlights the work of female staff members and events focused on attracting women to STEM field, hosting Women in STEM Institutes, and partnering with regional organizations focused on the promotion of women Leader College initiatives to reach underrepresented audiences including students of color by expanding partnerships with pre-apprenticeship and dual Underenrollment programs in racially diverse school districts represented LCCC and other partners are working with high schools leveraging ODE’s preminority and apprenticeship and dual enrollment career-technical programs in predominantly economically disadvantaged minority-attended school districts Leader Colleges’ specific programming includes: AAMI – African American Male Initiative, Focus on African American Men in Education (FAME) Youth Engagement & Reaching New Talent: The statewide Guided Pathways effort will leverage an innovative talent engagement model called FlexFactor, which will also support goals to reach underrepresented audiences FlexFactor was created by NextFlex, a DoD-funded Manufacturing Institute, as a program to engage next generation talent into advanced manufacturing technician and STEM pathways The program model is based on three pillars: Exposure to cutting-edge technologies, Principles of entrepreneurship, and Direct engagement with the education and career pathways leading to advanced manufacturing The FlexFactor program is integrated into existing high school courses and lesson plans Typically, the curriculum is integrated into nonelective, general education courses, so students not have the opportunity for self-selection or sorting that may result in under-representation of certain groups FlexFactor has achieved significant milestones in Silicon Valley, as well as at its first Ohio replication site through Lorain County Community College, where it has proven its ability to rapidly scale and reach new 10 audiences The current FlexFactor student population is over 60 percent minority and 50 percent young women Unique Merits of the Proposed Project and the Rationale for Selection A Innovation and Projected Effectiveness of the Proposed Project Due to the systematic way in which leaders from the private and public sectors have established a collaborative infrastructure to drive transformative change, Ohio is uniquely positioned to serve as a leader in solving the acute workforce challenges facing manufacturing The proposed set of work under this initiative will offer a powerful complement to other investments being made in Ohio to support this goal Most recently, OMA and OTN, through the Ohio Manufacturing Workforce Partnership, won an investment from the US Department of Labor to support expansion of apprenticeship A significant portion of the announced $12 million investment over the next four years will be focused on building the infrastructure for industry to lead through regional industry-led sector partnerships As industry better organizes its ability to prioritize needed workforce innovation, a DoD MEEP investment will provide concurrent vital capacity that will accelerate higher education’s agile response Our collective goal is to demonstrate effective and replicable state level strategies for meeting the talent and skill needs of the nation’s defense manufacturing industry Deep partnerships with industry inform specific tactics for engaging new talent as well as accelerating education and training of adults, either as new entrants to the advanced manufacturing workforce or in support of new technology adoption In addition to the impact at the six leader colleges, resources are budgeted to support educational innovation across the state, such as faculty certification to teach to industry-recognized credentials, or other professional development aligned to industry priorities as it relates to Ohio’s defense supply chain Many strategies will also be nationally replicable B Significance of the Impacts on Participants, Target Industries or Communities The requested investment will result in outcomes that directly align to DoD priorities The following impacts are projected across the six ecosystems throughout the state: Table Program Impacts on Industry • Increased engagement of defense industry employers (existing and new) Short • Innovations in curriculum development and delivery Term • Alignment to industry recognized credentials (Year 1) • Expansion of earn and learn / apprenticeship opportunities • FlexFactor adoption- unified talent engagement aligned to defense industry • Increased and accelerated enrollment and completion of postsecondary Middle manufacturing programs, certifications, and degree completions Term • Increased earn and learn opportunities with defense partners (Year 2) • Documentation of innovations in delivery, such as competency-based, microcredentialing, and industry-education partnerships • System-wide strategies emerge for dissemination Long Term • Continuation of nationally relevant, transferable, and stackable curriculum (Year • Project outcome goals achieved: 1125 individuals engaged/trained with skills and postthat meet needs of Ohio defense industry; 4080+ students participate in grant) FlexFactor; 200+ defense industry partners engaged 11 Sustainability -Detailed Business Strategy Many of the project activities - recruitment, curriculum development, partnership building - were designed with sustainability in mind so that efforts extend beyond the project period Formative evaluation activities will track progress and inform continuing improvements Strategies that result in a sufficient return on investment (demonstrated impact on improving student completion/ meeting industry needs) will be sustained The proposed project leverages significant previous investments from the Department of Labor ($15M from 2014-2018 for OTN) and the National Science Foundation, as well as both previous and new investments from a number of the Manufacturing USA institutes, including LIFT, NextFlex, and ARM Ohio TechNet has already demonstrated successful sustainability strategies, not only continuing past its original grant but expanding educational partners from 11 to 28 This has been possible due to the strength of the public-private partnership reflected in OTN’s close collaboration with the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association The expertise and capacity of the many partners leveraged by this project lend significant support to the sustainability and scalability of strategies that demonstrate impact Of particular importance is the voice that OMA gives to manufacturers to impact state policy as it relates to manufacturing workforce, and to offer input on a national scale through its leadership within national organizations Other assets leveraged include: Ohio TechNet project management and communication infrastructure, which partners with OMA network of regional sector partnerships to disseminate models and lessons for replication and technical assistance Realism and Reasonableness in the Proposed Budget Through a consortium approach we have reduced replication costs and created efficiencies Each partnering college will receive funds for their institutional innovations, informed directly by industry, and statewide dissemination resources are budgeted to offer impact, such as faculty certification to teach specific skills/technology, beyond the six leader colleges Significant efficiencies are gained at Lorain CCC for the launch and management of the project, leveraging the existing infrastructure and expertise of the Ohio TechNet management team A subaward to NextFlex Learning Programs, an off-shoot of NextFlex, will support one-time licensing fees related to adoption of the FlexFactor program across all partnering schools A single license costs $125,000 Some colleges will match the DoD investment with local resources; others are requesting the full amount This will allow for significant efficiencies in program roll-out, for example, allowing for coordination of train-the-trainer sessions and building a learning community among project managers Statewide partners will also be able to coordinate on data collection and program sustainability strategies, working with our local and state industry and educational partners Project budget, sub-awards, and budget justifications are all included with the application 12 Management Approach Lorain County Community College is the lead applicant and employs the Principal Investigator All Leader Colleges are members of the Ohio TechNet consortium This proposal builds on a statewide effort to combat the manufacturing workforce challenge by way of a public-private collaboration called the Ohio Manufacturing Workforce Partnership (OMWP), led by the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA), in partnership Ohio TechNet (OTN) • Lorain County Community College: LCCC serves as the lead applicant with overall responsibility for all functions of the grant including serving as point of contact, fiscal management, statement of work management, submission of deliverables, coordination with national evaluation, and grant close out Working in collaboration with the Leader Colleges, LCCC will coordinate statewide activities, data collection, grant compliance and partner communications Leader Colleges: All Leader Colleges have top-level buy-in from leadership, faculty, and staff, as well as a history of successful management of federal, state, local, and philanthropic funding Leader Colleges were chosen strategically based upon their geographic location and existing partnerships with defense industry partners • FlexFactor: programming will be launched by all regional Leader Colleges as an innovative talent engagement model FlexFactor is projected to support goals to reach underrepresented audiences 13 Project Director/ Principal Investigator Qualifications Project Director Terri Burgess Sandu: Named to her current position in January 2012, Sandu leverages over 30 years of experience in workforce, community and economic development to facilitate a number of collaborative initiatives with public and private partners Through her leadership of a consortium of institutions of higher education called Ohio TechNet, Sandu has helped to foster innovative partnerships between Ohio community colleges and universities and the Ohio Manufacturers’ Association as well as a number of Institutes within the Manufacturing USA network Sandu serves on the Ohio Acceleration team for Lightweight Innovations for Tomorrow (LIFT) as well as the LIFT National Executive Advisory Council for Education and Workforce Sandu was named a 2018 NextFlex Fellow for her work to help advance the mission and purpose of NextFlex, focused on ushering in a new age of electronics With America Makes, Sandu co-chairs a work team on internships, apprenticeship and career pathways Sandu was recently elected to serve as a Board member of the National Coalition of Advanced Technology Centers Ms Sandu manages a dynamic portfolio of local, state, and national clients representing an average annual budget of $2M, with the responsibilities to oversee day-to-day operations, and develop and implement long-range goals Brynt Parmeter, NextFlex Director of Workforce Development, Education, and Training Parmeter (U.S Army Col Retired), has led the development, implementation, and expansion of the FlexFactor program since its inception and will have responsibility for overall statewide implementation Parmeter brings leadership and expertise in workforce development, education, and training strategies for K-12 and community college learners, public-private partnership education models, advanced manufacturing multi-skilled technical content, soft-skill development programs, and program operations and evaluation Prior experience includes service as a Department of Energy ORISE Fellow in EERE Advanced Manufacturing Office; Director of Plans, Operations, and Training for U.S Army, and the Director of Talent Management for 160,000 personnel across dozens of occupational specialties for the U.S Army He is a member of the board for the Santa Clara County workforce investment board, is an industry advisory member for the Preparing Technicians for the Future of Work project, and is a strategy and policy advisor for the Secretary of the Army in the areas of community and industry engagement, as well as service member recruitment, retention, and transition Mr Parmeter will not only assist with FlexFactor implementation and advisement, but he will also serve as an advisor on national defense talent priorities and innovations In addition, each Leader College will also provide a Program Manager for their individual portions of the MEEP project These individuals are listed above in Table 5, and their resumes are attached to the proposal 14 • • • • • • Responsibility Adequate Resources: All key personnel, materials, and resources are already assembled and ready to implement this project immediately upon grant award Grant Compliance: Lorain County Community College (LCCC) staff is experienced in large-scale project management and grant management involving multiple partners and regularly complies with all required federal and state financial management practices Performance History: LCCC is highly experienced managing Federal awards The organization is currently managing approximately $39 million in awards from several Federal, State and philanthropic grants As of September 30, 2018, the LCCC project team successfully completed a statewide $15,000,000 Round TAACCCT grant, which launched Ohio TechNet LCCC was responsible for all aspects of project management, fiscal management, procurement, reporting, and compliance The grant successfully met all deliverables and standards for fiscal management, and partners unanimously opted to continue the consortium, which has grown to include all 23 community colleges and public universities in Ohio Integrity and Business Ethics: LCCC, the Project Director, and all other key personnel have excellent records of integrity and business ethics There are no historic or current legal issues or failures to meet financial responsibilities Eligibility: As Institute of Higher Education, LCCC meets all qualification and eligibility requirements under applicable awards to receive an award Organization Experience and Controls: LCCC has experienced personnel for managing regional and statewide projects, including systems for budget management, procurement, participant record keeping, and all other aspects of large-scale grants The accounting records and financial reporting of LCCC are maintained on an accrual basis and are in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting principles Financial statements are reported in accordance with Governmental Accounting Standards and are reported on a business activity basis All financial recording and financial reporting comply with requirements as prescribed by the State of Ohio Staff consists of accountants assigned to certain areas of responsibility to ensure that accounting and financial reporting is done in an accurate and timely manner All financial reports and information have been submitted to the sources of funding on an accurate and timely basis Reports Lorain County Community College acknowledges that the following reports are required under an ONR funded MEEP effort: • Monthly Technical and Financial Progress Reports –This report will include information on current expenses and invoices for the time period, programmatic developments, and major successes or major problems that warrant ONR attention • Annual Reports – Complete annual Performance Progress Report mandated by ONR Reporting occurs during the summer months regardless of grant start date • Final Report – Detail the full programmatic accomplishments summarized from prior reports and a forecast for ongoing program sustainability and expansion 15 References 2019 Workforce Roadmap: Priorities for Systems Change in Workforce Development Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (OMA) Accessed at https://ohiomfg.informz.net/ohiomfg/data/images/2019WorkforceRoadmapFINAL.pdf Ohio Manufacturing Counts: Facts about the Economic Impact of Ohio Manufacturing Ohio Manufacturers’ Association (2018) Accessed at http://www.ohiomfg.com/OMA_Manufacturing_Counts_2018-19.pdf Defending Champs Site Selection Magazine (March 2018) Accessed at http://siteselection.com/issues/2018/mar/cover.cfm Seize Opportunities in a Location with a Concentration of Suppliers and Customers Aerospace and Aviation (2018) Accessed at https://www.jobsohio.com/industries/aerospace-aviation/ Salomone, Cecilia As profits soar industry wide, Ohio is a top state for aerospace manufacturing Dayton Business Journal (2017) Accessed at https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/news/2017/08/22/as-profits-soar-industrywide-ohio-is-atop-state.html NASA Glenn Generates over $700 Million Annually in Economic Value for Ohio Cleveland State University (2017) Accessed at https://www.csuohio.edu/news/nasa-glenn-generates-over700-million-annually-in-economic-value-for-ohio Facilities & Equipment Lorain County Community College will offer its Campana Center for Ideation and Invention as a statewide resource for industry partners Opened in early 2018, the renovated Campana Center features state-of-the-art digital manufacturing labs equipped with high-tech equipment for fabrication, automation, 3D printing and more It’s surrounded by collaboration space and services to facilitate the full spectrum of product development – from initial ideation to prototyping, through assembly and packaging The Center offers hands-on education for students, through college courses and K-12 programs, while giving community inventors, entrepreneurs and existing companies access to cutting-edge digital manufacturing capabilities As part of the Campana Center’s student and community-facing programming, LCCC will be incorporating augmented reality and virtual reality tech assets (AR/VR) in training and experiential learning applications in manufacturing & advanced/integrated manufacturing, beginning with Welding technology simulators On the north ‘bar’ of the corridor, the renovations to the first floor of PC enhance the iLab, an instructional lab primarily for graphic arts, create a ‘Concept Area’ and Project Pods The Concept Area is intended to be flexible space for: collaboration, design critiques, formal presentations, and also support a level of prototyping with simple materials Project Pods may be used by business as well as the LCCC community, and will house unique equipment The south side of the corridor houses the offices of NEO LaunchNet (student entrepreneurship org.) as well as creates a more structured prototyping space, including 3-D printers for various materials The equipment for the PC renovation complements the equipment in the recently completed addition to the Nord ATC The new west entry constructed as part of the addition, unifies the two structures, and from the pedestrian experience, clearly identifies Ideation and Invention as the purpose of the destination The Desich SMART Center is an industry-focused resource for developing MEMS, sensors, and microsystems into commercial product With a complete set of tools for microsystems packaging, testing, inspection, and design, along with technical staff and on-site customer office space, SMART is a resource to the microsystems industry LCCC students develop familiarity to the SMART Center facilities via class/laboratory in MEMS, internship and research opportunities Current extant facilities for MEMS training include dual lab & classroom space in the Richard Desich Entrepreneurship Center (DEC) on LCCC’s campus, which is located adjacent to the Richard Desich SMART Commercialization Center, home of SMART Microsystems, LCCC (NOTE: SMART will host a MEMS BAS lab in 2019-2020.) The existing Fab Lab has been relocated and its square footage increased to allow for optimum visibility from the new entrance way The Automation/Programmable Logic lab has been relocated to the new addition due to its affinity to the CIM and Fab Labs This allows a synergistic utilization of the labs for manufacturing process instruction, creating an Advanced Digital Manufacturing space The expansion links the AT building to the PC Campana Engineering and Development Center (PC), and allow for future utilization of spaces in PC, which support the engineering curricula in AT These labs serve as recruitment and retention tools for faculty, staff and community participation The Columbus State Community College: Engineering Technology Department currently offers programs of study in Electronic Engineering Technology (Accredited by the Engineering Technology Accreditation Commission of ABET), Electro-Mechanical Engineering Technology, Mechanical Engineering Technology, and Quality Assurance Technology Each program offers an associate of science degree and several short-term certificates The Engineering Technology Department has four full-time tenure track faculty and a dedicated chairperson Associate degrees articulate to Miami University, where students are able to take most Miami courses at Columbus State via teleconference The following facilities will be leveraged for this project Electronic Engineering Technology Laboratory (301 Eibling Hall) (240 ft2) This Modern Electronics Lab holds 18 students and is fully equipped with items such as Altera DE2 FPGA w/touchscreen 5M pixel video camera and Cyclone II, Dragon 12 Microcontroller, Labview w/National Instruments DAQ 6009USB, channel digital oscilloscope, and is a Smart Classroom Electro-Mechanical Engineering Technology Laboratory (305 Eibling Hall) (260 ft2) This lab holds 12 students, is a Smart Classroom, and is equipped with Ladder Logic Fundamentals, High Voltage 480VAC phase, PLC, pneumatic Systems, AC motors, generators, and transformers Mechanical Engineering Technology Laboratory (303 Eibling Hall) (310 ft2) With student capacity of 15, this Smart Classroom features manual drafting equipment, computer aided drafting equipment and software, and basic computing equipment for engineering Mechanical Engineering Technology Laboratory (120 Sixth Street) (612 ft2) This lab has space for 16 students and includes equipment for 3D printing, plotting to 36 inches wide, and parametric modeling with Inventor and Solid Works Integrated System Technology Laboratory (306 Eibling Hall Laboratory) (440 ft2) The Integrated System Technology Laboratory is a customized classroom space for Columbus State students and is open to employer partners and their employees The room includes trainers for AC/DC electrical systems, electrical motor controls, PLC, VFD, process control, discrete and dynamic fundamental electricity, mechanical drives, hydraulics, pneumatics, and predictive maintenance Sinclair Community College: Specialized learning spaces and equipment that will be leveraged to support MEEP The Automation Control Technology with Robotics Department has well established labs with state-of-the art equipment such as bench top robots, Human Machine Interface systems, work cells, and machine vision In addition, the department uses several software packages for manufacturing applications, troubleshooting, and repair of automation equipment, Programmable Logic Controllers, and industrial networking applications • Computer Aided Manufacturing – This program has two labs: a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) lab and a Manual Machining lab The CNC lab contains three HAAS Lathes and three HAAS Vertical Machining Centers (a three, a four and a five axis machine) along with 15 desktop simulators to provide students access to the latest technology The manual machine lab has over 15,000 sq feet of space and contains over 100 pieces of traditional machining equipment, including lathes, mills, drill presses and grinders In addition, eight (8) Prototrak mills and one (1) Prototrak lathe to introduce students to basic machine programming are available • • • • • Electronics Engineering Technology – The EET program is supported by ten specialized labs with state-of-the-art equipment, simulation and analysis software Specialized independent labs support areas such as electrical circuits, analog, digital, PLCs, avionics, lasers and fiber optics, LabVIEW, computer assembly and repair, local area networking, high reliability soldering, microcontrollers and microprocessors, motors and controls, and RFID A special Electronics Resource Center provides students with learning outside the class time as well as open labs where students can get help on a one-to-one basis Mechanical Engineering Technology – A fully equipped laboratory allows students to fabricate, tune and test solid body electric guitars A fluids lab allows students to explore fluid characteristics and flow A materials lab has equipment for testing the properties of metallic and non-metallic materials through the use of such equipment as hardness testers, an impact tester, tension testers and ovens for heat treatment The Metrology Lab – As part of the Industrial Engineering Technology program, the Metrology lab provides training in the use of basic manual measurement tools such as calipers, micrometers, gage blocks, etc In addition, the program has a state-of-the-art Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) which allows students to learn and use more advanced measuring techniques There is also lab space dedicated to hands-on-learning in areas as Lean workplace design, time and motion studies, computer simulation, and ergonomics The lab is supplied with a collection of ergonomically correct hand tools and an adjustable ergonomic workstation The Supply Chain Management Labs support the Supply Chain Management degree program housed in the Management Department The labs are equipped with RFID technology, including a fixed RFID reader, several hand-held readers, 12 Tag RFID systems, an Agilent spectrum analyzer, and a small programmable conveyor system The RFID software used is the Alien Gateway Demonstration software The National Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Training and Certification Center at Sinclair Community College This project will leverage the significant resources of Sinclair’s National UAS Training and Certification Center The primary National UAS Training and Certification Center facility offers 28,000 square feet of dedicated space supporting applied research, development, and training on vehicles and components through advanced unmanned and manned simulation, sensors, avionics, maintenance, engine test, advanced manufacturing and rapid prototyping, data analytics, and wind tunnel labs Additionally, indoor flight training and testing are made possible in both the 35,000 square foot UAS Indoor Flight Range and the custom-built 3,200 square foot UAS Indoor Flying Pavilion Sinclair actively operates UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS), originally solely through Certificates of Authorization (COA), then leveraging Section 333 Exemptions, and now nationally in operations enabled through the Part 107 regulations and various granted waivers Sinclair remains at the cutting-edge of UAS technology through collaborations with leading UAS organizations in academia, government, and industry The institution is honored to be included as the only community college partner in both the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Alliance for System Safety of UAS through Research Excellence (ASSURE) UAS Center of Excellence and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS) The college maintains active Educational Partnership Agreements (EPA) focused on UAS with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and has supported applied UAS and environmental research with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) enabled through a Space Act Agreement (SAA) Created through cumulative investments of more than $10 million, the Center provides students with the ability to work with new UAS technologies in an immersive and handson environment The primary, support, and mobile facilities and equipment offer space and support for research, development, and training on UAS vehicles and components, all supported by leading-edge technologies and instruction • Sinclair College Sensors, Avionics & Maintenance Lab A 36-seat lab supports UAS sensors testing and integration, avionics programming and implementation, and UAS maintenance on a broad range of UAS from small electric powered systems through larger reciprocating and turbine powered vehicles This lab houses over 350 small to medium size UAS, which are used for flight training, applied research and development, and commercialization efforts Needed repairs or modifications can be accomplished leveraging the well-outfitted workstations • Sinclair College Wind Tunnel Lab The center houses the GDJ FlowTek 1440 Wind Tunnel, an important addition for the testing of vehicle components for both the UAS and manned aviation programs The wind tunnel generates detailed data necessary for building successful prototypes and assessing vehicles for repairs • Sinclair College Integrated UAS CNC and Additive Manufacturing Labs The college has incorporated Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining and additive manufacturing for credit and custom workforce training and rapid prototyping in support of UAS applied research and commercialization efforts Stark State College: WR Timken Advanced Manufacturing Lab Barberton Welding Lab The WR Timken Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory on Stark State College’s main campus (6200 Frank Ave NW, North Canton, Ohio) focuses on Engineering Technology programs that continue to be important to local employers For years, Stark State has ranked among the highest producers of engineering technology graduates among American community colleges (Community College Week, 2009-16, American Assn of Community Colleges) The programs, accredited by the Engineering Technology Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ETAC of ABET), are broken into 10 distinct technology education pathways: Applied Industrial; Automation and Robotics; Civil Engineering Technology; Design Engineering Technology; Electric Power Utility; Electrical Engineering Technology; Environmental, Health and Safety; Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration; Mechanical Engineering Technology; and Petroleum (ShaleNET oil and gas programs) Since spring 2011, the College has trained more than 16,000 students in engineering technology and related fields and prepared highly skilled graduates for manufacturing employment Northeast Ohio 2020 employment projections show 60 percent growth in oil and gas extraction jobs, 23 percent growth in construction jobs and 8.8 percent growth in fabricated metal product manufacturing Engineering technology graduates can expect to earn between $20 and $40 per hour The facility that houses the CNC Machining Center was constructed in 1992 with $7 million in funds from the State of Ohio and Diebold, Incorporated Diebold used a large portion of the facility (not the Center) for more than 20 years (until 2014) as its worldwide training headquarters The WR Timken Advanced Manufacturing Lab and the CNC Machine Center are located in an 8,316 square-foot high bay lab that provides hands-on training in automated manufacturing, digital drafting and design, process control systems, quality assurance and machining With $1.45 million from the U.S Department of Labor and the State of Ohio, the College was able to purchase machining equipment and three 3D printers for an Additive Manufacturing program that also is housed in the W.R Timken Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory The Lab and CNC Machining Center continue to be used for worker training and retraining needs of manufacturers in the region Cincinnati State Technical and Community College strongly supports the ONR Manufacturing Engineering Education Program and will make a significant resource commitment to its success: • The College will provide laboratory, classroom, meeting room, and office space as needed to meet the objectives of the project All spaces provided by the College will be furnished with necessary desks, chairs, telephones, and office equipment All space is fully accessible and in compliance with the General Education Provision Act • The College will provide access to current equipment in the additive, mechanical, and electro mechanical engineering technologies lab, as well as the equipment in other current engineering technology labs as needed to support the project • The College will supply all utilities, maintenance, and repairs to keep the laboratories and other spaces operational • The College’s Information Technologies division will provide Internet access, computers and upgrades and other support for the Project Cuyahoga Community College: Tri-C opened its beautiful and spacious 50,000-square-foot Advanced Technology Training Center (ATTC), featuring high-bay labs, multi-purpose training areas and an energy-efficient and naturally lighted environment for learning, in October 2012 The ATTC links workforce education to the latest technology The ATTC, combined with the College’s Unified Technologies Center (UTC), is the largest technology training complex in Ohio The ATTC was designed and constructed to achieve LEED Gold Certification
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