'nay NGHi&N c(rn YAN H A 91 NGAY NAY Hodng Minh Vj tri cua nganh nghien cffu vin bda thugt dl lln it nhihig nginh vi qua phan tan, tir din tdi khac it cd riing ndi hon cac tilu van hda, phong trao Nghien ciiu vin hda la Nghien cuu vin hda cua phu nft, phong trio cua mpt nganh tuong ddi khd xac mpt chiing muc nio dd "nhihig ngudi khic" (During, djnh tinh tfil chl, ITnh vgc, chuyen djch tdi nganh dan 2000,2005) phuong phap vi ddi tupng tpc hpc bdi mdi quan tam Trong qua trinh hinh nghien eihi bdi su inh hudng vupt qua nhihig diln ngdn ly thinh va phat triln, nganh thuyit Theo Willis (1977) vi eiia cic nginh nghien ciiu khoa hpc xi hpi nhan vin Morley (1980), din tpc hpc li nghien cihi van hda khdng khic, su lien kit tfiinh lien hinh thiic phit triin quan nhan mgnh nhiing dgc Uii, nganh, hay da nganh, cQng trpng ddi vdi nghien ciiu vin mang tinh nganh (During, nhu qua trinh phat triln ciia hda, vi no cung cip mpt 2005) My vi cac nudc ndi nd theo nhihig djnh hudng phuong phip mi tfieo dd tieng Anh d chau My va chau khic d cic nudc chiu nginh nghien cuu van hda cd A, ly thuyit vi sg hinh ihinh Au vi cie nudc ndi tiing Anh Uie thoit dupc nhihig quy cac tieu nganh nd rp tdi miic d chau My vi chiu A Bii djnh chgt che, va quan tn?ng dp mi chling lan tmyin tir vilt gidi thifu vi nghien ciru li ed djnh hudng tdi nhihig cac trudng dgi hpc ndi tiing vin hda dl cgp din xu hudng hifn tgi va tuong vi dupe chip nhgn bdi cic tinh ning dpng ciia nganh lai eiia nginh Nganh khoa trudng Do vgy, nghien bdi einh toan clu hpc nhan vin li mpt ITnh vuc ciiu vin hda khdng phat triin hda, tii dd din tdi sg da dgng mi dd quyin lue vi vdn mgnh me thinh mdt nginh khuynh hudng, ITnh vgc vin hda dupc sin sinh ra, ehinh thire Uong cic Irudng djch ehuyin vi khdng don dgi hpc niy, cung nhu mpt sd nghien ciiu gian khdp ndi vdi sieu diln trudng ndi tiing d Anh vi Nghien ciiu vin hda li ngdn "diing" Nhimg hinh chau Au mpt nginh lien tgc chuyin tfiuc vin hda "quin chiing", chiu Au, nghien ciiru mdi quan lam va phuong vi khdng mang tinh hpc tfiugt phip vi nd ludn ludn tuong cin cd su phe phin vi chiing vin hda la mpt nganh nghien tic V a hpi nhgp vio bdi canh cd gidi hgn va bj tic dpng bdi ciiu mang tinh hpi nhgp vi ljch sii rpng ldn hon vi quyen lgc Nhu vgy, nghien tham gia (engaged), dgc bift khdng the tu ve quyin cihi vin hda ngiy nim d vin hda quin chiing Ly Igc ctia nd Nghien cihi vin giua sg cin thilt di cd mpt tfiuylt phe phin d Diic trudc hda chiim mpt sd lupng tranh the chi chinhtfidngrieng cua hit nhim vio phe phin vin lugn rpng rii chdng Igi "sieu no, va d mdi quan nggi ring hda tu bin, ngg tn Mgc dii dien ngdn" va khdng mudn thvc hinh vin hda khdng ca; nhi ly Uiuylt Phip cung cd tieng ndi ciia l> thuyit hpc chinh Uiiic trd nen cd td chiic cap cho nghien ciiu vin hda nhihig khai nhifm vi phuong 92 S - 2 : TIM Hlfo THUAT N G O phip chinh mi nganh vin gia hgu edng nghifp d My vi nghien ciru vin hda ddng Ihdi khdng phit biln d Phap Cic Anh cing cing cd tim li "vin ban" (bai hil vd nhi lu tudng Phap nhu quan trpng; thir hai, qudc gia, kjch, chuong trinh tmyen Michael de Certeau (1984) va nhdm dan tpe, vi ci nhan hinh ), sg kifn vi trai Foucault (2000) la nhimg ting cudng sir dgng di sin nghifm dupc sinh bdi cac ngucri tieu bieu vi tu cip van hda va rieu thg vin hda lgc lupmg \a hpi ma cac Igc lien cua hp, nhung chii nghTa di tri hogc binh dn ban lupng dupc tgo nen mpt tmyen thdng vin hda lim khoi sic vin hda Cudi ciing, cieh khdng can bing vdi cic dgy hpc thuyit cip tiln ciia hp nghien cihi van hda dupc dua ddng chay quyln luc Ihii la dieu hiin nhien vao hf thdng giio dgc bit bgc, vj thl, ban sic, tu tudng, nghien cihi vin hda d Phap bupc md rpng d mpt sd nudc mdi quan hf Vin hda chuyin djch vupt qua ranh gidi dja Vio nhirng nam gin day phucmg Tay nhieu ITnh vgc nghien Nghien cihi vin hda ly, chiing sinh vi tieh rieng, ehung vupt qua va phi cuu, mpt nhiing diiu boi canh toan cau vd su phan ehia chinh trj va thu vj li vifc hudng ldi Nghien ciru vin hda xa hpi Vgy, vin hda khdng nghien eiiu vin hda hon la bdi canh loan clu ludn ludn cdn la mpt tgp hpp eg thi ciia tinh tmyin thing ciia nganh su luan ehuyin Vl nhiing vgt, su kifn, hifn Cic khoa ngdn ngii cung gidi nghTa den dilu hoin loan tupng Thj trudng vin hda thifu sinh vien tdi vin hda ddng bdi le nghien ciru vin Iran nggp din mire ma nd cd hon la ngdn ngii vi vin hpc hda cd khuynh hudng trd thl li vl bit ki eii gi (2), Khoa liing Anh d tren khip thinh xuyen khoang cich vi Nghien ciru vin hda chu yiu thi gidi xiy dung cie khoi xuyen bien gidi, nhung vin hudng tdi mpt tgp hpp eg Ihi hpc theo eic thl thire vi npi vdi nghTa cd cie mdi quan hf ve su hinh thinh vin hda - dd dung vi vin hda, khdng hin cua nd vdi bdi cinh xi hpi la nhihig cii kit ndi true tiip vi vin hpc Hon niia, quan thay ddi nhanh chdng va nhat tdi vin hda ngg trj cua diem vi mdi quan hf giOa xuyen khip Dilu cung giai cap trung luu, nhihig nghien ciiu vin hpc vi nghien diing vdi nghTa la cac ITnh ciiu vin hda dupe nhilu vuc va thi logi ben cua ngudi einh ta, gidi Ire Do ngudi cd ddng y kiin eho cac nin vin hda dan kit vdi vgy, nghien ciiru vin hda ring nghien ciiu vin hda li mpt each ning dpng khdng quan tim nhiiu tdi mpt dpt sdng khic Vin hda li mpt Igp hpp ciia tdn giio, in udng, thl thao, nghien ciiru vin hpc, va ring su ehuyin djch, qua trinh, dge bift li nhiing chii dl vi su phan bift giua hai nganh hoan ddi, thuc hinh, cdng gia dinh dua vao vi quan tam li hdi hpt nghf, thl chi, ma tir dd eic tdi nhihig ngudi tmng tudi su vat, su kifn, hifn tupng Ddi vdi mpt sd ly dd, nd Nghien ciru vin hda trd dupc sinh ra, dupc trii khdng quan tam din chinh nen phd biin nhu vgy thdng nghifm, cd cupc sdng vi cd y vin hda cao niia qua mpt logi cie nginh khoa nghia, gii trj (I) Quan diim nghien ciru hpc xi hpi va nhan vin vin hda vl vin hda bj phi vd Trudc hit, nin cdng nghifp Ddi vdi nghien curu vin d Irong nhiing khii nifm vl vin hda vi nin kinh tl qudc hda nay, doi lupng ciia vin hda mi chung ngu In f JJO'^ncftj von h6o ngdy 93 •rong qua khu, cy thi mit di dia ly Theo dd cd su chuyen tdn tgi", va cgp nhj phan mdi quan hf gin gui vdi nghf ddi manh lift vi phi vd su "quin chiing" ddi vdi thuat tmyin tfidng cao Theo phan chia giOa vung trung "Uiugmg luu" bit diu bj xda Kant, nhi trilt hpc Dire tfil tam vi vitng xa, khu dan cu nhda Nghien ciiu lich sir van ky XVIJI, cdt I6i cua vin hda trung tim va ngoii le, bic vi hda da chi ring sg tach d cai tfiim my (3) Gidng nhu nam cho phep nhirng vung bgch giiia van hda quin nhimg khai nigra cu hon mdi phit trien va diu tu theo chiing va nhihig ngudi thupc nhan hpc vin hda cung ehu nghTa thi gidi mdi dang cip tren da thay ddi bj xdi mdn, Uieo vin hda (Cheah va Robbins, 1998) Chang han, mgng ludi phan de cgp din nhihig gia tri von Toan ciu hda sinh phdi thi trudng van hda tap cd, di tmyen, chu yeu la nhilu van di nhu giam sg trung cing cang cd thl nhihig gii trj khdng phai cda khac bift vl van hda, phuong tiep cgn vdi nhirng cpng ddng hifn dgi va khdng dupc kiim Tay hoa, tgo nen su bit binh d dja phucmg, cac dan tpc chling, nhu tin ngudng vi ding mdi; hay toin eau hda khac nhau, cac nin tang vin thuc hanh trayin thdng ma lay di ciia ca nhan va cpng hda khac di ed khin chiing tgo eae mdi quan hf ddng nang kilm soil va thinh gia vdi ddng dao edng ciia ci nhan, cpng ddng lam mat mdi quan tam cua chling hon Gid day mpt sd Theo During (2000), toan chinh hp, hp bj Uidi tfiiic dl ngdi vi ban nhgc phy eau hda dupc hilu mpt cich sin xuit va tieu thg ddi vdi thupc vao edng chiing toin tot nhlt li su phit triin eiia thj trudng tir d xa Nghien eau cip dp dja phuong, thj tmdng loan cau vi tu bin cu-u van hda xuyen qudc gia cau chuyfn dan chiing mudn toan ciu, nhu nin kinh ti Ii mpt nd luc sin sinh tri va mong mudn dupc thi hifn qudc gia bj tu bin hda cao dp thii-c hpc thugt vi kiim chiing mpt each mgnh me tdi cac din tdi vige phge vg, thdng mang tinh xuyen bien gidi vi nha chinh trj qudc gia vi ca tin, cdng eg tai chinh, nhimg chinh trj va vin hda mi nhiing nha quin ly cdng san phim cd gii t^ cao khic chling khdng ddng tinh vdi nghifp vin hda, nhu vifc hp tieh khdi nhimg hang hda nhiing moi quan tam, cau cd ging dap iing thj hiiu, mang tinh tmyin Uidng vi chuyfn thdng thudng eiia cie mong mudn, vi su hii Idng edng nghifp sin xult hing van de Irong toin clu hda ciia ngudi lieu diing., Doi logi Toin ciu hda cung vdi nhiing nhi chinh trj, vifc Khuynh hirdng nghTa la phong trao cua Igc thim dd y kiin, dinh gia, vi Mpt khuynh hudng cua lupng sin xuit "cua cae cpng bau cur cin trung ciu cdng nghien ciiu vin hda ngiy ddng sic tpe" hay xuyen bdi einh cdng nghifp chiing Bing cieh sii dgng ky qudc gia ed Id chirc hon, loan ciu hda sin phim vin thugt dan tpc hpc tinh ti, nin ciing vdi su Idn mgnh nggc hda li mdi quan hf giua chu edng nghifp cd ging sin xuit nhien ciia xuat khau cdng nghia din tiiy vin hda va eai mi dan chiing mudn, sin nghifp vin hda, bao gdm du hinh Uiiic din tiiy hpc thugt phim ciia nd nhu thl ludn Ijch va phat uien leo thang (During, 2000) Mpt khd ludn danh cho cdng chiing ciia cdng nghf tmyin thdng khin cho chu nghia dan la Nghien cin, vin hda ngiy nhu internet vi vifc lam bdt vc van di -vin hoa ciia sg dan khoang cich khdng gian khac bift" "chinh uj cua su cang chu y tdi cic phgm tri, khic, dd li "cupc sdng hing ... cdng nghifp Ddi vdi nghien curu vin d Irong nhiing khii nifm vl vin hda vi nin kinh tl qudc hda nay, doi lupng ciia vin hda mi chung ngu In f JJO'^ncftj von h6o ngdy 93 •rong qua khu, cy thi mit