Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3-20I9 BAN CUA NGU^Ofl HMONG TINH SON LA P G S T S N g u y i n N g o c Thanh Vien D a n toe hoc Tom tdi: Bdi viet neu len nhirng ddc diem noi bat vi bdn cua ngudi Hmdng a tinh San La nhu it xen ke vai toe ngudi khdc; cdc thdnh vien bdn gan bd vdi bang y thuc ddng ho vd quan he lang gieng; bo mdy tu qudn (gid bdn, truang bdn, truang hg, thay cung ) cd tieng noi quyet dinh to chuc doi song xa hoi vd phdt triin kinh ti a dia phuang; mdi bdn cd qui uac neng, ngi dung gdn bd thiet thuc vdi cdc lgi ich cua nguai ddn bdn, tap trung vdo sic dung ddt dai bdo ve ngudn nudc, rimg, miia mdng, chdn nuoi, bdo ve an ninh trgt tu Tie khoa: Bdn, tu qudn, quy uac, ngudi Hmdng, Scm La Ngdy nhgn bdi- 3/5/2019; ngdy gui phdn bien; 6/5/2019; ngdy duyet ddng; 9/6/2019 Mffdau Ngudi Hmdng d San La cd 157.253 ngudi (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2009), sinh sdng tai tat ca cae huyen, phd tinh, nhung tap tmng nhieu nhat d cac huyen: Bac Yen, Sdng Ma, Thuan Chau, Mudng La, Mai San, Van Ho, Mdc Chau, Yen Chau, Sdp Cdp, Mac dii cu tru d nhung vung canh quan khac nbau, nhung ban ciia ngudi Hmdng d Son La deu cd chung mdt sd dac didm mang ban sac van hda tdc ngudi Ten ban va hinh thiic cir trii Ban (jao, dd) la dan vj xa hdi co ban va nhat cua ngudi Hmdng Tai tinh Son La, phan ldn cac ban cua ddng bao phan bd d dp cao tir 600 den 1.500m Tdn ban thudng tmdng hp hay gia lang dat Nhieu ban c6 tgn tir tieng Thai, nhu Co Mg, Long Ludng, Nam Gidt, Hudi Pa, Huoi Men, Nam Lgnh nhiing diem cu tni la vimg dat ngudi Thai khai pha, ngudi Hmdng ddn d sau Thdng kd tdn 100 ban tai xa, thudc ba huyen Sdp Cdp, Sdng Ma, Bac Yen cho thiy c6 31 ban dat ten theo tidng Thai (Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010) Ngudi dan ciing cd nhiing each giai thich khac ve nhiing ban ten gpi dupc dat theo tieng Hmdng, chang ban d xa Phdng Lai, huyen Thuan Chau, ban Md Cdng dugc giai thich la "bai nudc ngam", ban Tao Hua Chang nghia la "rimg hoa ban" (Hd Ly Giang, 2013, tr.61) Ban ciia ngudi Hmdng thucmg dugc dung nai gan ngudn nudc, dat tdt dd san xuat va phai cd niii bao quanh ban Tiiy timg dja hinh ma nha cua cd thg bd tri theo cac chidu hudng Nguyin Nggc Thanh khac nhau, nhung phd bien la mat cac ngdi nha thudng hudng vg phia thung liing, Iirng tya vao sucm niii, tao thanii mdt thg viing chac Theo rapt sd bac cao nien, each chpn dat lam nha tdt nhat la hai ben dau nha hudng vd hai qua niii, cira chinh eita nha tuydt ddi tranb cac hang hdc hay nhiing mom niii nhd len Ngoai kliu vuc cu tru, ban cdn cd dat dai de canh tac, khai thac va sii' dung rieng nhu nghia dja, rimg cim, nguon nudc, bai cban tha Tat ca tao nen mpt khdng gian sinh tdn chung eua ca cdng ddng ban Khdng gian ay dugc xac dinh ranh gidi qua su thda thuan raieng giua nhiing ngudi ban va giiia ngudi ban vdi ngudi ban khac Viec phan dinh dat dai ciing chi la uoc Id ma moc gidi thudng la nhirng hdc cay, bdn da, khe sudi, hem niii, lach, nga ba ducmg, Viec xac dinh mde ranh gidi thudng gia lang giiia cac lang cd lien quan thdng nhit vdi Ranh gidi dd khdng ghi van ban, chi dugc tmyen kliau cho va dugc nhd ky ire ciia ngudi dan tir ddi qua ddi khac Trir mpt sd it xa, chang ban d xa Ta Xiia, huyen Bac Yen, cac ban c6 mdt ddng hp cu tni; cdn d nhung nai khac, mdi ban thudng cd tir den ddng hp cu tni xen ke vdi Trong pham vi ban, cac gia dinh c6 quan he hp hang thudng eu trit gan Trong xa hdi tmydn thdng eiia ngudi Hmdng, ddng hp cd vai trd to Idn Quan he cdng ddng ddng hp tac ddng, chi phdi mpi mat ddi sdng cua timg gia dinh, timg vien va ciing la ndn tang xay dung nen he thdng td chirc xa hdi d ban, d viing (Nguyen Ngpc Thanh, 2008, tr.43) Tir lau ddi, ngudi Hmdng quan tu theo ddng hp da trd tam Iy va tap quan Trong mdt ban, dii sdng xen ke vdi cac ddng hp khac, nhirng gia dinh cimg ddng hp van d quan tu gan nhau, kbdng sdng rai rac d khu •vuc khac Viec quan tit nhiing ngirdi cimg ddng hp la nhu cau can thidt, la dieu kien tao tao nen siic manh tap the dd giiip da, bao ve gap hoan nan, khd khan (Vuang Duy Quang, 1987, tr 73) Sd lieu thdng kg thye trang cu tni ciia ddng hp Hmdng draptsd xa nhu sau: Bang 1: Cvt trii cac dong hp tirng ban thupc xa Mudng Lan, huyen Sop Cop STT Ten ban So dong ho So gia dinh Ten cac dong ho Nong Phu 54 Hang, Gang Huai Pa 83 Hang, Song, Giang Nam Lan 27 Giang, Song Co Muong 33 Giang, Song Pa Kach 48 Giang, Song, Tliao PuHao 75 Giang, Tliao, Song, Ly Huoi Men 32 Vang, Giang, Vir Tgp chi Ddn tdc hoc so - 2019 45 Hu6i Khi 16 Song, Giang Co Ha I 15 Hang Nguon: Ban Dan tpc tinh Son La, 2010 Bang 2: Cu trii cua cac dong ho timg ban thupc xa Dua Mon, huyen Sdng Ma STT Ten biin So dong ho So gia dinh Tang Son 56 Sling, Vang, Giang Ngc Coc 51 Sling, Thao, Trang, Giang Huoi Lecli I 65 Ly, Sling, Giang Npc Coc 29 Sling, Thao Fling Bang 20 Vang, Vii Ngam Trang 28 Vang, Sung Huoi Lecti II 12 Ly,Giang Hua Tiiong 41 Ly, Vang, Vu Giang, Thao, Trang,Siing, IMiia Ten cac dong ho Na TSu II 26 10 Huoi Phang 15 Sling, Thao, Vu, Vang, Lau 11 Huoi Niia 11 Giang Nguon: Ban Dan tdc tinh Son La, 2010 Bang 3: Cu trii cua cac dong ho tiing ban thupc xa Ta Xua, huyen Bac Yen Ten cac dong ho So dong ho So gia dinh Ta Xiia A 56 Mua, Thao Hang Dong B 64 Mua, Ha Lang Sang 64 Miia, Hang, Lu Tro A 91 Thao, Miia Ta Xua C 40 Lli Khe Cai 17 Mtia STT Ten biin Nguyen NgocThanh Mong Vang 13 Miia Chung Trinh 21 Miia Be 35 Thao 10 TroB 37 Mua, Thao 11 Hang Bia 16 Miia 12 Chong Tra 40 Miia 13 Hang Dong A 34 Mua, Lli 14 Hang Dong C 29 Mua, Hang Ngudn: Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010 Bang 4: Cu trii cua cac dong hp timg ban thuoc xa Phdng Lai, huyen ThuSn Chau STT T§n ban So dong ho So gia dinh 60 Ten cac dong ho Thao, Sung, Vu, Lau, Mo Cong Nam Giat 86 M6 Nuoc 34 Simg, Ly, Vir Pa Chap 32 Simg, Vir, Va, Mua Phieng Luong 29 Simg, Lau, Miia, Va Miia, Giang Thao, Sung, Ly, Vir, Lau Pha Lao 32 Thao, Vir, Lau, Sung Huoi Gieng 28 Lau, Simg, Mua, Vir, Ly Na Ngua Sling, Mua, Ha Ngudn: HdLy Giang (2013) Ddng hg ngicdi Hmdng Trdng tinh San La, Luan an tien sT ehuyen nganh Nhan hpc, tr 26 Tm'dc nam 1986, cac ban cua ngudi Hmdng d San La thudng cd quy md nhd, khoang tir 10 ddn 15 gia dinh, tham chi vai ba gia dinh Den nay, quy md dan sd ciia mdt ban da tang len, nhieu ban ed tir 80 den 90 gia dinh Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc so - 2019 Bang 5: Quy mo ban 6* mdt sd huyen, nam 2010 So ban co til- 50 den 90 gia dinh So ban co til' 10 den 49 gia dinh Bac Yen 12 27 Thuan Chau 18 92 Sdp Cop 17 Sdng Ma 37 Huyen Nguon: Ban Dan tdc tinh San La, 2010 Do sdng d nhirng viing canh quan khac nen hinh thiic cir tni ciia ngudi Hradng d San La cung khac Ndi bat la cac hinh thiic cu tni sau: - Cu trit mat tap d vitng thap, thung liing, thay nhieu d cac huyen Thuan Chau, Mdc Chau, Van Ho Ban nhiing khu vyc dat dai mau ma, cay cdi tdt tuoi thuan Ipi cho san xuat ndng nghiep, nhat la canh tac lira nudc - Cu hii trgn sucm ddi, niii d cac huyen Sdp Cdp, Sdng Ma, Bic Yen, Mai Son Phan ldn ban quy md nhd, ngudi dan chii ydu canh tac nuong ray va phat tridn ehan nudi - Cac digm dan cu mdi la cac ndng, lam tmdng, cac khu tai dinh cu d Van Hd, Mdc Chau, Ban d day dupc quy hoach mat bang san xuat, sinh hoat vdi co cau tang dn dinh, ddi sdng cua ngirdi dan dugc nang cao Bo may tu quan ciia ban Bd may ty quan ciia ban gom tmcmg ban, tmdng ddng hp, gia lang, thay eiing, ba cd, dng cau, cac bac cha chii, la nhimg ngudi cd uy tin dupc dan ban suy tdn va nd trpng Nhiing nhan vat nay, ddng vai trd tich cyc viec td chiic, van ddng dan ban thuc hien tdt chii truong, duong Idi, chinh sach, phap Iuat cua Dang va Nha nudc va kd hoach phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi cua dja phuong day chi tap trung trinh bay bdn phan: tmdng ban, tmdng ddng hp, gia lang, thay ciing - Truang bdn: Trong xa hpi tmydn thdng, tmdng ban [chujao) cd vai trd rat ldn, vdi tu each la ngudi dimg diu ban, mpi cdng vide cua ban ddu phai dupe van hanh mpt each trdi chay, cimg vdi diic tinh vd tu, cdng bing nen vj tri ciia tm'dng ban thudng dugc bdn lau, chi nao dng ta gia ydu, khdng Iam viec dupc nua, lite ngudi ta nidi tien cir va bau ngudi khac thay thd (Nguyen Ngpc Thanh, 2001, tr 27 - 32) Tm'dng ban phai dat dupc mdt sd tidu chuin sau: am hidu phong tyc tap quan, cd nhidu kinli nhiem san xuat; cd dao dire va uy tin, J^guyinJ^gg^Thanh_ san sang ddc siic vi cdng viec chung, bigt each irng xir va giao thiep rdng rai; trung tbyc, cong tam xir Iy ngudi vi pham quy udc Ngay nay, mdi ban cd 01 tmdng ban, hoac phd ttn'dng ban Tm'dng ban ngudi dan tryc tidp biu, UBND xa quydt djnh cdng nhan Tmdng ban la ngudi dai dien cho nhan dan va chinh quygn xa de thye hien mdt sd nhiem vu tai ban Trudng ban la ngudi phai dii 21 tudi trd len, cd sue khde, trinh dp van hoa, nhiet tinh, trach nhidm cao, dao due tu each tdt, cd uy tin, dugc dan ban tin nhiem, cd nang lyc van ddng, td chiic thye hien tot cdng viec ciia ban Nhiem vu ciia tmdng ban la trieu tap va chit tri hdi nghj ban; td chiic thye hien cac quydt djnh eita ban va quy chd dan chii d ca sd; van ddng dan ban thuc hien tdt quy uac, ddng thdi td chiic quan Iy, giii gin trat tu tri an d ban; tap hgp, phan anh, de nghi chinh quygn xa giai quydt cac nguyen vpng chinh dang ciia nhan dan Trudng ban la ngucri hieu biet rd vd ngudn gdc cua tiing ddng hp, ve cac raoi quan he hdn nhan, nam chac cac phong tue tap quan, chiu trach nhiem chinh cac vu xu phat ngucri vi pham luat tyc, nhiing tmdng hgp vupt qua kha nang cho phep nhu chira chap ngudi pham tpi, trudng ban chuyen Ien cho chinh quyen xa xir Iy theo phap Iuat ciia Nha nudc - Gid bdn: Gia ban la Idp ngudi cd vai tro quan trpng cdng ddng ban, cd nhieu kinh nghiera san xuat, rat am hieu phong tuc tap quan, nam viing "cai ly" cua ngudi Hradng, thdng thao vg cac nghi thuc ma chay ciing nhu quy udc chung ciia lang va cac ddng hp Cdng viec chung ciia ban ludn dupc gia ban ddng gdp Y kien ciia bp thudng phan anh nguyen vpng cua dan ban cung nhu ciia cac ddng hp, nen nhidu klii gia ban da cd y kien thi chinh quydn xa phai lang nghe va lya dd xir ly cho phii hgp vai y kign eita hp Do vi tri eita gia ban nhu vay nen vide trign khai cac dy an d dia phuang can xay dung va tim d gia ban tidng ndi ddng thuan - Trudng ho' Ngucri Hmdng quan niem trudng hp la ngudi "nam tay dan d, md tay dan di", nen phai am hieu cac quy djnh, cac bai citng ciia ddng hp minh, hidu bigt thao cac phong tyc tap quan, biet ly Ie va cd tai irng xir, cd nhidu kinh nghiem va gidi td chii'c cac boat dpng san xuat va ludn tan tinh giiip da ngudi hp, dugc rapi ngudi ddng hp ygu men, ngudi khac hp kinh trpng Nhiem vu ciia tmong hp la tri mpi sinh boat, nghi le ciia ddng hp minh Khi mdt gia dinh ddng hp dyng vg ga chdng cho cai, tmdng ho phai cd mat dd lara le kinh bao td tien Thanh vien ddng hp qua ddi, trudng hp trieu tap cac chii gia dinh hp ban bac viec chdn cat Trudng hp dimg giai quyet tranh chap dat dai, tai san, vi pham luat le cua ddng hp; van dpng cac vien ddng hp giiip gap klid khan, thidu thdn Tru'dng hp cung chju trach nhiem trao tmyen Iai nhihig phong tue, tap quan, kinh Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3 - 2019 nghigm san xuat cho cac vien trang hp Nhd cd uy tin va sy higu bigt nen y kidn cua tmdng hp dugc mpi ngudi ddng hp noi theo va nhidu tmcmg hpp, tidng ndi cua tmdng hp c6 vai tro rit quan trpng, tham ehi la quygt dinh Vi tmdng hp la ngudi dugc cac vien tin cay, chia se y kidn, nghe lai va lam theo cho ngn cin nghidn ciiu sir dung va phat huy vai hd ciia dng ta de gdp phan vao quan Iy va giai quydt nhiing vin dd dang dat vdi ngudi Hmdng (Pham Quang Hoan va cdng su, 1995, h 273) Tom Iai, ddi sdng ciia ngudi Hmong, tmdng hp la nhan vat cd tira anh hucmg quan trpng nhat Dac biet, ndu hp la nhung ngudi cd tinh each, dao diic tdt, hang say lao ddng san xuit, cong tam, dam nghT dam Iam, dam tien phong viec xay dyng ddi sdng ndng thdn mdi thi se la nhiing tac nhan tao nen ddng lyc quan trpng dd phat trign ddi sdng kinh td - xa hdi cua ngudi Hmdng d cac lang ban, vira giii gin dupc truydn thdng van hda tdc ngudi, vira dam bao thuc hien nep sdng van hda mdi d co sd (Hd Ly Giang, 2013, tr 54) Trong chimg myc nao do, tm'dng hp giii' vj tri then chdt hon ca nhiing ngudi Iam nhiem vy bd may chinh quydn Ngudi Hmdng quan niem, da la cdng vide ciia npi bd ddng hp thi tmdng ban khdng dupe can thiep, "viec ciia dong hp phai giai quydt bing Iy eita ddng hp" Ngugc lai ddi vdi nhiing cdng vide chung cua ban nhu sua dudng hoac ban xay "sy cd" nao do, trudng ban chi can bao cho tmdng hp la mpi vide se dupe giai quygt dn thoa Tmdng hp khdng chi cd vai trd ITnh -vuc tinh than (tin ngudng cudi xin, raa chay, thd ciing), ma cdn chi phdi nhidu ITnh -vyc nhu di ehuygn cu, bd tri can bd, thuc hien cac chii tmong ciia dja phucmg va Nha nudc - Thdy ciing (chi ninh); Day la nhiing ngudi ddng vai trd quan trpng ddi sdng tinh than eita cdng ddng Hmdng Hp la ngudi thay mat cdng ddng giao thiep vdi thd gidi "than linli", cimg chiia benh cho ngudi dm bang hinh thirc bdi toan, dudi ma, trir ta Nhieu ngudi Hmdng tin rang dm dau cau ciing se khdi benh Chi ninh la hien than cua Xu Di, la su td Sa man, la vign sinh boat tam linh ciia ngudi Hmdng, giiip cdng ddng phat hien nguyen nhan gay dm dau va tira each giai trir benh tat cho ngudi (Thao Xuan Simg, 2009, tr 35) Nhu vay, gia lang, tmcmg ban, tmdng hp Ia nhiing ngudi cd uy tin, cd kidn thiic bd ich cho cudc sdng cpng ddng, cd quyen uy, dugc dan chiing tin tudng, nghe theo va eir Iam ngudi dai dien cho minh trgn mdt sd ITnh vyc, cdng viec cu thd Cd trudng hpp, mpt ngudi cd the vira la tmdng ban, dong thdi dupc suy tdn Iam gia ban, Iai la tmdng hp va la ngudi cd uy tin ban (Nguyen Ngpc Ha va cpng su, 2006, tr 17) Mac dau cac thiet chd ciia he thdng chinh trj dugc xac lap va cd vai trd quan trong, song nhiing yeu td tmyen thdng nhu gia ban, tmdng ban vin cd rapt vj tri nhat djnh va dupc tdn trpng Vdi yeu cau md rdng Nguyin Nggc Thanh thuc hanh dan chii hidn nay, ngu biet phat huy vai trd eita hp thi chac ehan dpi ngii se co nhieu ddng gdp cho cdng tac quan Iy cpng ddng (Nguydn Ngpc Ha, 2006, tr 29) Vai trd cua cac to chiic he thdng chi'nh tri ca sa o" ban Ngay nay, theo md hinh quan ly chung, cac td chiic chinh tri-xa hdi (Chi bp Dang, Ban cdng tac Mat tran, cac chi hdi nhu Ndng dan, Phu nii va Cuu chien binh, Doan nien Dpi thidu nien ) dupc xac lap va cd vai trd quan trpng ddi sdng ciia timg ban ngudi Hmdng Cac td chii'c thd hien cho tinh than, y chi, nguyen vpng ciia nhan dan, va cd vai trd tich cyc viec tuyen tmygn, thiie day vide thye hien dudng ldi, chinh sach, chii truong, phap luat cua Dang va Nha nudc tai dia ban Chi bp ban thudng cd 15 dang vien, dung dau la Bi thu chi bd, ngudi cd giac ngd chinh tri, cd uy tin, nang lyc tu'ong ddi toan didn Chi bd tryc tiep lanh dao he thdng chinh trj d ban, la dau radi de Dang uy xa trien khai nhidm vu chinh trj d ca sd Chi bd ban de chit tmang giai quyet nhiing van dd ldn ciia ban Mat tran va cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi cd chii'e nang tap hpp, van ddng doan vign, hpi vign tham gia thye hidn nhiem vy d ban Quy ud'c cua ban Ban ciia ngudi Hmong cd quy udc rieng, bat van gpi la "Kd Ii kd chai", dupc truyen tir the he den the he khac Dd la nhiing quy udc ve quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi, la nhirng tap tyc sinh boat gia dinh va xa hdi, dugc mpi ngudi tuan thii Ngudi nao d ban hoae ngoai ban cd y vi pham se bi xir Iy theo quy udc va ludn dugc thdng qua du Iuan dg phan xet Vi du: ngudi cd vp hoac ed chdng ma ngoai tinh se bi xir phat bang bac trang, mgu, thit cho ban; ngudi dot nha, trdm cap, gigt ngudi se bj xir phat rat nang bang kinh tg, tham chi trdi budc hoac roi vpt Tuy thea timg tdi ma diing hinh thiic bat ngudi deo md, cdng, chidng go di kliap ban dd xin Idi, sua sai Nhd cd quy udc dupc thye hien ndn xa hdi Hmdng it xay nhung hien tugng tidu cue cung nhu cac te nan xa hdi Hien nay, cac luat tyc tmyen thdng da dupe ngudi dan cu the hda, thdng nhat dua vao quy udc van cua ban de mpi ngudi ciing thuc hien Ngoai ra, ngudi Hmdng d Scm La cdn thuc hien cam ket vd "5 c6 va khong" - cd la: 1) Ddi radi tap quan san xuat, ap dung khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuit; 2) Tinh than doan ket giu'a cac ddng hp, cac dan tdc, 3) Ngp sdng van hda viec cudi, viec tang, Ie hdi; 4) Y thiic xay dung ban lang phat tridn toan dien; 5) Nhidu ngudi hidu hpc, bidt chii - khdng la: 1) Du canh, du cu, vupt bien trai phep; 2) Tmyen, hpc dao trai phep va trai vdi phong tuc tap quan tdt dep cua dan tdc; 3) Dd ngudi chgt nhigu ngay; 4) Tai trdng cay thudc phien, budn ban, van chuyen trai phep cac chat ma tiiy; 5) Tao hdn, sinh nhidu (Dja chi Son La, ban thao, tr 278) Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc sd3 -2019 Nhiing quy udc thudng dugc ban bac, nhic lai Ie ndo sdng ciia ban hoac lign ban, de mpi ngucri hieu va ty giac thye hien Quy udc da cd tac dpng den mpi vien ciia ban, dit ngudi dd la can bd hay dan thudng thupe bat ky ddng hp nao Quy udc da hd sgi day vd hinh nhung ben chat cd kdt mpi vidn cpng ddng ban eita ngudi Hmdng Ket luan va khuyen nghi Ban ciia ngudi Hmong d Son La la "canh tay ndi dai" eita chinh quydn ca sd thye thi cac nhiem vy chinh trj Mpi chii tmong, chinh sach, dudng Idi ciia Dang, Nha nudc deu thdng qua cap ban de ddn dupc vdi ngudi dan d ngudi Hmdng, trudng ban, tmdng hp, gia ban, thiy cimg la nhiing nhan vat rit cd uy tin cpng ddng, dan thuong nghe va Iam theo Mudn tranh thii dupe nhiing ngudi nay, can phai hudng dan tan tinh, mdm ddo, kien tri, giai thich ngan gpn, kheo leo, te nhi va ciing phai cd sy ddng vidn thda dang Ciing gidng nhu mdt sd tdc ngudi thidu sd khac d midn niii, hien cac ban d ngudi Hmdng van tri cac quy udc va cd vai trd tac dpng khdng nhd den viec phat trign san xuat, bao ve tai nguyen mdi tmdng, dam bao sy dn djnh xa hdi, gin glii ban sac van hda tdc ngudi d mdi dja phuang De phat huy tdt hon nii'a vai trd cua ban d ngudi Hmdng tinh hinh mdi, cac cap chinh quyen can tang eudng daa tao, bdi duong dpi ngy can bd he thdng chinh hj d ban Dac biet bdi duang ve cdng tac hanh chinh, vd ky nang xu Iy cac tinh hudng cu the cua ban, tranh vi pham phap Iuat Ddng thdi chii trpng dao tao nghiep vy quan Iy, ky thuat bao dudng, van hanh, khai thac cac cdng trinh cdng cdng d ban, nhat la vd thuy ndng, nudc sach, didn Ddi vdi dpi ngii gia lang, tmdng hp , cac cap xa, huyen va tinh can td chiic hdi nghj lien tjch (theo djnh ky) vdi cac gia lang, tmdng ddng hp, trudng ban, bi thu chi bd de nit kinh nghiem vd thuc hidn quy udc va quy che dan chu Ndi dung quy uac cua ban ndi chung dang dua vao khung ciia ban huong udc mau cap trgn hudng din Nhidu npi dung chua cy the, cdn mang tinh chat ap dat, triing cheo vdi cac quy djnh ciia phap Iuat Vi vay, can bd sung hoan thien huong udc theo hudng lya chpn nhiing vin dd thiit thuc nhit, sat vai didu kien hoan canh ciia hing ban, vii'a ed ndi dung vira cd chd tai ciia cdng ddng Chd tai cin dugc da dang hoa, vi pham cd thd bj phat, cd the khdng dugc hudng mpt sd quyen Ipi ciia cdng ddng Xay dung quy udc mcri can phai dam bao sir hai hoa va thd che hoa luat phap dudi cac didu khoan cu the va cung la hinh thiic cy the nhat bao luu dugc gia tri van hoa tmyen thdng cua tpc ngirdi cdng cudc xay dyng va phat tridn hien 51 Nguyin NggcfThanh_ Tai lieu tham khao Ban Dan tdc San La (2010), Bdo edo thdng ke ve ddng hg a Son La Hd Ly Giang (2013), Dong hg ngudi Hmong Trang tinh San La, Luan an tidn sT chuydn nganh Nhan hpc, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xa hdi Ha Ndi Nguyen Ngpc Ha (Chii nhiem, 2006), Phdt huy vai tro gid lang, truang bdn ngudi ddn tgc thieu sd thuc hien qui che ddn chii tgi cdc tinh mien niii phia bdc nu&c ta hien nay, Bao cao tdng hgp de tai khoa hpc cap Bd Pham Quang Hoan va cpng sy (1995), Dac trung vdn hda vd truyen thdng cdch mgng cdc ddn tdc a Ky Scm, Nghe An, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi Vuang Duy Quang (1987), "Quan he ddng hp xa hdi ngudi Hmdng", Tgp chi Ddn ldc hgc, sd (54) TS Thao Xuan Simg (Chii bien, 2009), Ddn tgc Mong a San La vai viec gidi quyet vdn de tin nguo-ng tdn gido hien nay, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia Ha Ndi Nguyen Ngpc Thanh (2008), Nghien cuu cdc thiet che xd hdi truyen thdng vd de xudt ngi dung phdt huy vai trd tich cue qudn ly xa hgi a cdc ddn tgc tinh San La, Bao cao tdng hpp de tai cap tinh, Sd Klioa hpc va Cong nghe Son La Nguydn Ngpc Thanh (2001), "Lang cua ngudi Hmdng d huydn Ky San, tinli Nghe An", Tgp chi Nghien cim Lich sir, Sd (316) Tinh iiy, Hdi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Scm La (2018), Dia chi Son La, ban thao saeh 10 Tdng cue thdng ke (2010), Kit qud Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd a 1.4 2009, Nxb Thdng kg, HaNpi ... dinh dat dai ciing chi la uoc Id ma moc gidi thudng la nhirng hdc cay, bdn da, khe sudi, hem niii, lach, nga ba ducmg, Viec xac dinh mde ranh gidi thudng gia lang giiia cac lang cd lien quan thdng... Chap 32 Simg, Vir, Va, Mua Phieng Luong 29 Simg, Lau, Miia, Va Miia, Giang Thao, Sung, Ly, Vir, Lau Pha Lao 32 Thao, Vir, Lau, Sung Huoi Gieng 28 Lau, Simg, Mua, Vir, Ly Na Ngua Sling, Mua, Ha... ndi cua tmdng hp c6 vai tro rit quan trpng, tham ehi la quygt dinh Vi tmdng hp la ngudi dugc cac vien tin cay, chia se y kidn, nghe lai va lam theo cho ngn cin nghidn ciiu sir dung va phat huy