NIL\N THirc CUA NGlTdl StT DUNG MA TUY VE DICH VU CONG TAC XA HOI HIEN NAY LE THI THUY Tom tat: Doi vdi ngUdi sd dung ma ke ca ngUdi nghi§n ma tuy, hp co hiSu biet nha't dinh vi ma tuy, tac hai caa ma cijng nhU dich vu Tuy nhien, dich vu cdng tic xa hdi dd'i vdi hp la nhdng dich va ca the nao thi hp cdn nhieu ban khoan, bd ngd va chUa san sang tham gia dich va Bai viet dS cap de'n nh&n thdc cua ngUdi sd dung ma ve dich vu cdng tac xa hdi dieu tri nghien ma tuy; dexu&'t mpt sd'khuyeh nghi nh&m nang cao nh&n thdc cua ngudi sd dung ma vS dich vu cdng tac xa hdi noi rieng va vdi xa hpi noi chung Ta khoa: Dich vu Cong tac xa hoi; nhan thdc cua ngUcd sd dung ma tay vi dich vu cong tac xa hdi Abstract: Drug users and drug addict usually understand the effects of drug and drag-related services However, many were uncertain about social work services for drug users and unwUhng to use sach services This article studied drug users' awareness ofsocial work services in drug addiction treatment Suggestions were proposed to improve drug users' awareness of social work services in particular and social services in general Keywords: Social work service; awareness; drug user Ngay nh&n bai: 15/6/2019; Ngay sda bai: 15/7/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 29/8/2019 Mot so khai nidm cd ban Theo Hiep hdi Can bd xa bdi ehuyen nghidp My: "Cdng tac xa hdi la mdt hoat dpng chuyen nghiep nham giflp dd cae ea nhan, gia dinh, nhdm, edng ddng phuc hdi hay tang cfldng nang lite va chflc nang xa hdi de tao nhflng dieu kidn xa hdi can thid't nhdm giup hp dat dupc mue tieu ca nhan Thflc hanh edng tac xa hpi bao gdm thuc hidn, flng dung eac gia tri, nguyen tdc, ky nang eua edng tac xa hdi vao cung ea'p cae dich vu xa hpi, tham va'n va tri lidu tam ly eho cae ea nhan, gia dinh va nhdm, giflp cdng ddng hay nhdm cai thien cd lien quan Thflc hanh cdng tac xa hdi ddi hdi kid'n thflc ve hanh vi, phat trien ngfldi, kie'n thflc vl va'n de xa hdi, kinh td' va van hda va sfl tfldng tae eiia cac ye'u td'nay"*'* Nhfl vay, Cdng tac xa hoi (CTXH) la mdt khoa hpe flng dung nhdm tang cfldng g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI hidu qua boat ddng cua ngUdi, tao nhflng chuyen bidh xa hpi va dem lai nen an sinh eho ngfldi dan xa hdi Bang sfl tham gia vao qua trinh giai quydt cae va'n de xa hdi, giai quyd't nhflng va'n de sinh mdi quan he xa hdi, gifla eon ngudi vdi eon ngUdi, gifla eon ngflpi vdi mdi trUdng xa hdi, CTXH tham gia vao qua trinh tang cudng nang lUc va giai phdng tiem nang ciia mdi ca nhan, gia dinh va cdng dong, cdng tae xa hdi da giup cho eon ngUdi phat trien day dii va hai hda hdn dem lai cupc sd'ng td't dep hdn cho mpi ngUdi dan Theo dd, Dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi v6i ngudi sit dung ma la nhOng hoat dong '^ Dai hoc Lao dpng xa hpi; Email: t h u y e ^ l 23@gmail.com '" National Association of Social Workers, Standards for Social Service Manpower, New York: NASW (1983), pp 4-5 SO 9-2019 LE THI THUY chuyin nghiep dUdc cung cap nhim dap ang nhu cau cua ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy viic phdng ngaa, chUa tri, phuc hoi va phat triin giup ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy ngan ngaa tinh trang nghien, kiim soit suy nghi, hanh vi khong lam dung ma tiiy, cai nghien va da phdng tai nghien nhim on dinh the chi't va tinh than thiic day sii phat then cho ca nhin, gia dinh va xa hdi nhim dam bao nen an sinh xa hoi Nhan thflc la mdt ba mat eua ddi sd'ng tam ly ngUdi (nhan thflc, tinh cam va hanh ddng) NhU vay, nhan thflc eua ngfldi stt dung ma ve cac dich vu CTXH la vd eilng quan trpng, dae bidt la nhan thflc ve tdm quan trpng va sfl cdn thid't eua dich vu Khi ngfldi s^ dung ma nhan thflc diing ddn ve nd thi se tac ddng de'n tam ly, tinh cam, thai dp va hanh ddng eua hp Chi nhan thfle dung, hp mdi san sang tham gia dieh vu va tuan thu nghiem tiic quy trinh cung cap dieh vu va hoan toan cha'p nhan nhflng npi quy ma dieh vu ydu eau Ddng thdi, hp nhan tha'y tdm quan trpng va edn thidt ciia dich vu thu hfldng hp san sang ed y chi quyd't tam eao, cd niem tin vao hidu qua cua dich vu Hp san sang kdu gpi, van dpng cae vidn gia dinh, ban be ngfldi than tham gia dich vu va ddng vidn hp quye't tam cai nghien ma Nhan thflc dxidc y nghia, tdm quan trpng ciia dieh vu Cdng tae xa hdi la the hidn mat nang dpng cua nhu cau sit dung dich vu Chinh nhan thfle dung ddn, se dinh hfldng, dieu ehinh thue day hanh vi eai nghien va tuan thu nguyen tac dieu tri nghien ea qua trinh dieu tri nghien Ngfldc lai nd'u ngfldi sit dung ma nhan thfle sai hoac ehUa ddy dii ve dich vu Cdng tae xa hdi edng tae cai nghien thi ho khdng cd nhu eau tham gia NhU vay, ban 509-2919 than ngUdi sit dung ma hi anh hudng nhilu qua trinh dieu tri, ddng thdi tae ddng den eae loai hinh dieh vu san cd tai cd sd hoae nhflng dich vu cdn cd va se cd qua trinh dilu tri eai nghien ma Nhan thflc va nhu cdu cua ngfldi sit dung ma tfly ed quan he bien chflng khdng the tach rdi Hp nhan thflc dupe tam quan trpng va y ngbia ciia dich vu thi hp mdi ed nhu edu sit dung dich vu ThUc trang nhan thiic cua ngifdi suf dung ma ve dich vu cong tac xa hoi 2.1 Nhin thac chung ve dich vu Cdng tic xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy Nhan thflc ve dieh vu CTXH ddi vdi ngfldi sxi dung ma the hien qua mfle dp hieu bidt ve dich vu CTXH ciing nhfl tam quan trpng va sU cdn thiet cua cac loai hinh dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi sit dung ma Kd't qua khao sat cua tac gia (tai hai cd sd: Cd sd eai ngbidn Sd' - Xuan PhUdng, Bde Tfl Liem, Ha Ndi va Cd sd eai ngbidn Sd' - Ba Vi, Ha Npi) eho tha'y: hau hd't hoc vien khdng hieu va khdng rd ve dich vu CTXH vdi ngUdi nghien ma tiiy, ty Id chid'm dd'n 49,46% Hidu mdt phdn ve dieh vu CTXH chid'm ty Id 42,39%; mfle hieu rd hoan toan chiem 8,15% Con sd' cho tha'y da phan hpe vidn cai nghien chUa hieu v l dieh vu CTXH dd'i vdi ngudi sfl dung ma Khi dupe hdi anb/chi hidu nhU thd' nao ve dich vu CTXH vdi ngUdi ngbidn ma tuy, mdt so' hpe vien ed y kidn tra ldi gdn gid'ng nhau: Nhilu hpe vien ndi khdng rd lam, nhieu bpe vien eho rang: "la dich vu cung cap eho ngUdi nghien ma tfly va y td' edng ddng tao vide lam va phdng ehd'ng tai nghidn" Mpt sd' ngfldi ed each hidu rd hdn vl dich vu CTXH vdi ngudi nghidn ma tuy: N.T.T (45 tudi, Phu Thp): "la dich vu cung NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q NHAN THLTC CUA NGU61 SU" DUNG MA TUY ca'p cho ngudi nghidn ma tiiy ve y td', cdng ddng tao vide lam va phdng chdng tai nghidn" T.M.T (41 tud'i, Thanh Tri, Ha Ndi): "Dich vu CTXH la dich vu eung ea'p cho ngUdi nghidn eae thdng tin ve y te, dao tao vide lam, hd trd tai hda nhap edng ddng" N.T.D (25 tud'i, Ha Nam) eho rdng: "Dich vu CTXH vdi ngUdi nghidn la nhflng boat ddng mang lai nhflng ldi leh va tbda man nhu cdu, dam hao sflc khde the chat, viec lam va nghi ngdi" Nhieu Hpe vidn cai nghidn eung ddng quan didm nhfl trdn Nhfl vay, eac hpe vidn cung da hieu dfldc dich vu CTXH la nhflng hoat dpng mang lai nhiing lpi ich va thoa man nhiing nhu cdu dupc xa hpi chap nhan, dam bao sflc khde thd' cha't, tinh thdn, giiip ngUdi nghidn ma tfly cai nghidn, phdng tranh tai nghidn va hd trp vide lam ciing nhu giup hp tai hda nhap cong ddng td't hdn De tim hidu sau venhan thflc cua hpe vien eai nghidn ve dieh vu CTXH vdi ngUdi sit dung ma tuy, chung tdi da dUa mpt so' khai nidm vl dich vu CTXH vdi ngudi stf dung ma va hpe vidn tra ldi theo eac mfle dp "Ddng y", "Phan van" va "Khdng ddng y" Chang ban d ndi dung "Dich vu CTXH la edng vide phuc vu true tidp eho nhflng nhu edu nha't dinh eua sd' ddng, cd td' chfle va dupe tra cdng" cd 12,07 % y kie'n hoc vidn dupc hdi tra ldi "Khdng ddng y"; 22,12% y kie'n hpe vien dflpc hdi cdn "Phan van" Hay d ndi dung "Dich vu CTXH la mdt hoat ddng hay ldi ich eung flng nhdm de' trao dd'i, chu yd'u la vd hinh va khdng ddn dd'n vide chuydn quyen sd hflu" cd 16.09% y kid'n hpe vien tra ldi "Khdng ddng y" va 22.12% y kid'n hoc vien tra ldi d mfle dp "Phan van" Nhu vay, da phdn hpe vien cung ed sU nhan thUc nha't dinh tra ldi cau hdi khong phai ehpn lUa khdng dinh hUdng Hdn nfla, ty Id Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHdl hpe vidn khdng dong y vk phin van tUdng doi eao Dieu chiing td hp chUa cd nhan thflc sau sac vl dich vu, dae bidt la dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi sxi dung ma npi dung "Dieh vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi stt dung ma la nhflng boat ddng mang lai ldi ich va tbda man nhu eau dflde xa hdi cha'p nhan dam bao sflc khde, thd cha't, vide lam va nghi ngdi " da so' hpe vidn Ifla chpn mfle dp "Ddng y" (chiem ty Id 68.37%); mfle "Phan van" (chid'm ty Id 22,12 %), va mfle "Khdng ddng y" (chiem ty Id 8,05%) Dilu cho thdy, da sd' cae hpe vien ddng y vdi nhflng ndi dung vl dieh vu CTXH vdi ngfldi sit dung ma Kd't qua phdng va'n sau cho tha'y, sd' hoc vidn eai nghidn edn thid'u hidu bidt va md hd ve dieh vu CTXH ddi vdi ngfldi nghidn ma V.V.T (43 tudi, Ba Vi, Ha Ndi) cho rang: "Thfle td, toi cdn thidu hieu bidt ve dich vu CTXH doi vdi ngfldi nghidn ma tuy, edn chfla ro idm, nhflng tdi nghi la cdn tfl va'n v l va'n de cbd'ng tai nghidn ma va xii ly bi sd'e ma tuj^' N.T.H, 28 tud'i Ha Ndi ciing khang dinh: "Tdi chfla hieu rd idm vl dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngfldi nghidn ma tuy, nhflng nd la dieh vu mang lai lpi ich td't nha't cho ngudi sii dung ma nham phdng ehd'ng sit dung va ehoiig tai nghidn Tdi can eung ca'p nhflng dich vu nhu y te', tu van - tham va'n, giao due vide lam eho ngudi nghidn ma de giup ban than ngudi nghidn tu tin, ed vide lam dn dinh, dupe sU giup dS tfl gia dinh va tranh xa ma tuy" Nhu vay, tfl kd't qua khao sat va phdng va'n tren cbo tha'y, nhan thfle ve dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngudi sit dung ma tfly tai Cd sd cai nghidn Sd' va Sd' da bude ddu cd nhiing hid'u bid't nha't dinh hoac ed nhu cdu dUpc tim hieu ve dieh vu cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sii dung ma SO 9-2019 LE THI THUY tiiy Dieu da dat cho nghidn ciiu ve hudng de xuat nhdm nang cao nhan thfle v l dich vu doi vdi ngUdi sxi dung ma 2.2 Nhan thac ve tim quan trgng cua dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi nghiin ma tiiy Hdu nhu cae hpe vien deu nhan thfle dupc tdm quan trpng cua dich vu va eac boat ddng tai Trung tam, bp ed mong mud'n dupe s^ dung dich vu va ed y ehi, quyd't tam lam td't eac boat dpng tbdi gian cai nghidn Hpe vidn N.D.T, 29 tud'i tai CP sd cai nghien so' ndi: Tdi tha'y cai nghien ma tiiy la vd cung quan trgng va cin thii't, tdi dang ritt mong mud'n va hao hang the hien quyi't tam cai nghien di trd ve vdi gia dinh vdi vd va con, mdt lao ddng tri lieu tie'ng la hdi it, hien tdi dang lam mdc, tdi co mong mud'n nang so' gid lao ddng len nhieu hdn naa di khdng cdn phai nghi din ma tiiy naa Cae hpe vidn khae eung chia se ve ndi an, chdn d, vui chdi deu dem dd'n eho hp niem vui, hp tim thay y nghia cua cupc song Hp deu hy vpng sau kbi rdi khdi Cd sd khdng edn la mdt ngudi nghien ma nfla Nhan thfle ve eac dich vu CTXH, dd, "dieh vu hd trd cham sdc y te" dUde hpe vidn danh gia la quan trpng hdn ea Sd'hpe vidn tra ldi d mfle "rat quan trpng" (chid'm 74,18%) , chi ed 3,8% so' hpe vien cho la "Khdng quan trpng" Ddi vdi "Dich vu hd trp phap ly" eo 161 y kien hoc vidn Ifla chpn d mfle "Rat quan trpng" (chid'm 43,75%); cd 117 y kid'n hoc vien Ifla ehpn d mfle "Quan trpng" (chid'm 31,79%); ed 80 y kie'n hpe vien Ifla ehpn d mfle "Khdng quan trpng^' (chid'm 21,73%) "Dich vu tfl van/ tham va'n ca nhan/gia ihnh va nhdm" cd 191 y kieri hpe vien Ifla ehpn d mfle "Rat quan trpng", chid'm ty Id 51,90%, ed 103 y kid'n hpe vien Ifla ehpn d mfle "Quan trpng", chiem ty le 27,98%, nhflng cung cd 51 y kidn hpe vidn Ifla ehpn d mfle "Khdng quan trpng", chie'm ty le 13,85% Nhin chung, hdu bet hpe vidn sii dung ma tiiy tai CP sd cai nghidn diu ed hidu bie't va nhan thfle ve eae loai hinh va tam quan trpng eua dieh vu CTXH va eac loai hinh dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngfldi sfl dung ma d mfle dp nhat dinh Thfle trang cho tha'y, ngudi sit dung ma tai Cd sd eai nghidn, can thid't phai dupe eung ca'p, tie'p can va sit dung dieh vu CTXH thi mdi cd hidu qua eao qua trinh dieu tri nghien ma Tuy nhien, rieng dieh vu "hd trd phap ly" thi hpe vien edn nhan thfle ban chd' Ddng thdi, van cdn mdt so' hpe vidn cbo rang cae loai hinh dich vu CTXH la "Khdng quan trpng" Day la thflc td' quan trpng de d l xua't nhflng giai phap nhdm nang cao nhan thfle day du eho hpe vien eai ngbidn ve dieh vu CTXH ddi vdi ngfldi sfl dung ma tai Cd sd cai nghidn ndi ridng va trdn ca nfldc ndi ehung 2.3 Nhan thac ve cac loai dich vu Cdng tie xa hdi Dich vu giao due - truyin thdng: Qua ke't qua khao sat chung tdi nhan thay, hau bdt hpe vien tra ldi d hai mfle: dich vu giao due truyen thdng la "Rat can thid't" (ty Id tfl 27,98 % dd'n 34,78%), va "Can thid't" (ty Id dao ddng tfl 51,90% dd'n 60,06%) Ra't it hoc vien lua chpn d mfle dp "Khdng can thid't" (ty Id 5,16% dd'n 21,73%) Trong so' nhflng dieh vu giao due truyen thdng dflpe hdi thi dich vu Giao due truyen thdng thay doi nhin thac, thai va hanh vi sa dung ma tiiy cd didm trung binh cao nha't X = 2,29 (xep thfl bac 1); Dich vu tuyen truyen nang cao nhin thac ve ma tiiy va each NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI g| NHAN THtrc CUA NGUCi SU" DUNG MA TUY phdng ehd'ng ma tiiy (xd'p thfl bac 2), tid'p theo la eac thfl bac danh cho cac dich vu: "Ldp tip hua'n nang cao nhin thac ky nang ve dU phong tai nghiin"; "Dich vu giao due truyen thdng vS ma tiiy, tie hai va hau qua cua ma tiiy" Nhfl vay, mpt sd' npi dung vl dieh vu giao due - truyin thdng quan trpng va can thid't thi hpe vidn lai Ifla ehpn d mfle "Khdng can thie't" Dieu nhilu ye'u td' tae ddng khae nhau, cd the tfl ban than hpe vien da bid't de'n nhflng kid'n thflc ve ma tuy, tac hai cflng nhu hau qua eua ma nen vao cd sd cai nghidn khdng cdn phai truyen thdng vl linh vUe Hpe vien N.Q.S cho bidt: 'Tht/c tdi hieu rat ro ve ma tiiy, nhiiu loai ma tiiy mdi, tdi bie't ca hiu qua tie hai kinh khung ma no gay nhUng tdi nghiin nd roi, tdi van sa dung nhu kieu bit chap tii ca vi nao tdi phu thudc vao nd roi Biy gid tdi chi mud'n tic ddng gi dd di nao tdi khdng nghi den no naa" Do dd, qua trinh cung ca'p dich vu, cac cd sd edn quan tam hdn nfla va Ifla ehpn ndi dung giao due truyen thdng cho phu hdp giup hpe vidn ed cd hdi nhan thflc sau rdng hdn, giflp hp khdng svt dung ma tuy, cai nghien hidu qua Dich vu tham van/tu vin: Hau hd't hpe vidn tai Cd sd deu eho rdng dieh vu tfl va'n/tham va'n ea nhan, tfl va'n gia dinh va tfl van nhdm la can thid't va rat cdn thie't, diem trung binh cho cac mfle tfldng ddi cao X= 2.05, mac du vdn cd hpe vien Ifla chpn d mfle khdng can thidt Cu the: dich_yu "tU vin ca nhan" cd diem trung binh X= 2.39 (xd'p thfl bac 1), cbi ed 44 y kid'n hoc vidn Ifla ehpn d mfle "Khdng cin thie't", chid'm ty Id 11.95%; Dieh vu "tU van nhom, sinh hoat nhdm" (xd'p thfl bac 2) "Dich vu tu vi'n gia dinh" (xd'p thfl bac 3) g| NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHdl Mac du da phan hoc vidn cho rdng cac dieh vu tfl va'n ca nhan, tfl va'n gia dinh va tfl va'n nhdm la "Ra't cdn thid't" va "Cdn thid't", nhflng bdn canh dd, vdn edn ed nhflng hpe vidn nhan dinh la "Khdng edn thid't" Dich vu hd trd cham sdc y ti': Hdu he't hpe vidn diu nhan thfle dfldc cae loai hinh dich vu hd trd cham sdc y td' la can thid't ddi vdi ban than qua trinh cai nghien nhfl: Dich vu eham sde sfle khde the cha't va tinh than; Dich vu tU va'n, sang lpc, danh gia mfle dp nghidn; Dieh tfl van vu xet nghiem HIV/ Vidm gan B,C; Dich vu tfl va'n can thiep dfl phdng tai nghidn; Dich vu hd trd cat cdn, giai ddc; Dich vu hd trp dieu tri benh nhan xua't hidn hdi chflng cai (Idn cdn vat); Dich vu hd trp tu va'n didu tri trang thai ddi ma trudng didn Dich vu hd trd viic lam: Hau hd't bpe vien deu cho rang "dich vu hd trd tU va'n bpe nghi" la rat can thid't, cd diem trung binh chung la X= 2.19 Cac hoc vidn dUdc khao sat tra ldi d eae mfle dp khae nhau: "Ra't cdn thie't", "Cdn thie't" va "Khong cdn thie't" Tuy nhien mdt so' dich vu cu thd hd trd vide lam thi mdt sd' hoc vien cho la "Khdng can thid't" mac du sd' la khdng nhieu Chang han "Dich vu kd't ndi chuyen gfli dd'n cd sd dao tao nghe"; "Dich vu kd't ndi ehuyen giti dd'n ed sd sit dung lao ddng" day la hai dieh vu ra't quan trpng va cdn thid't chuoi cac dieh vu hd trd vide lam Nhung vdn cdn ed hpe vidn cho rang "Khong cdn thie't" Do vay, cac cd sd can ed giai phap nang eao bieu qua ve vide eung ea'p dichvu hd trp vide lam eho ngudi cai nghidn tai Trung tam va sau tai hda nhap edng ddng, giup hp ed edng an, vide lam on dinh va khdng tai nghien Sd 9-2919 LE THI THUY LHch vu hd trd phap ly: Nhflng ndi dung eu th^ nhfl: "Dieh vu tU va'n hd trp nhflng va'n de cd lien quan dd'n ehinh saeh, phap luat"; "Tfl va'n ho trd cac thdng tin ve cbinh saeh phap luat ddi vdi ngUdi nghidn ma tuy"; "Kd't ndi ngudi nghidn ma vdi cd quan lidn quan de'n ehinh saeh, phap luat"; ' v a n ddng ngUdi nghidn ma tfly tham gia vao qua trinh cai nghien ma va dflde hfldng nhiing quyin ldi theo quy dinh" Hdu hd't eae hpe vidn tai Co sd deu Ifla chpn cac ndi dung v l hd trp phap ly d mfle "Ra't edn thid't" va "Cdn thid't", chi mpt so' it y kidn hpe vien Ifla chpn d mfle "Khdng cdn thid't" Mpt so' khuyen nghi n h a m n a n g cao n h a n thutc eua ngifcri suf d u n g ma v l dich vu Cong tac xa hoi Tang cUdng giio due, ning cao nhin thac va nhu ciu tiip can hi thd'ng dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy, vdi ngfldi than gia dinh, ban be va cdng ddng cung nhu toan xa hdi Ddng thdi, giao due tuydn truyin vl vl vi tri, tam quan trpng, muc tidu, npi dung va phUPng hudng xay dUng, phat tridn ngudn nhan lUc chat lupng cao ve dich vu CTXH dieu tri nghidn ma De xui't md hinh dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy Md hinh dich vu la cae trung tam/ed sd dat dudi sU quan ly eiia Bd Lao dpng TBXH va cd sU hd trp cua Nha nUdc, cd chfle nang eung ea'p cae dich vu can thiep khan ca'p va ngdn ban nhfl: Danh gia ban ddu va sang Ipe nhflng trfldng hdp sit dung ma dupe phat hidn va bao tin d edng ddng; Cung c^p cic dich vu can thiep ngin han gom; cham sdc khan ca'p; cung ca'p thong tin vl ma tuy, tac hai va hau cua vide sit dung ma tiiy dd dam bao an toan giup ngudi sit dung ma tiiy nhan thflc 569-2019 dfldc tac hai cua ma tfly va khdng tid'p tue s^ dung dan dd'n lam dung hay nghidn Ddi vdi cac trfldng hpp d mfle nghien can tfl van cac hinb thflc cai nghien va kd't ndi, chuydn giti tdi eac cd sd eai nghien ed uy tin Cung ci'p cic dich vu dai han gom: Tid'n hanh can thiep cdt cdn; giai ddc va hd trd phuc hdi; tai hda nhap edng dong Bdn canh dd, cung ca'p tham va'n/tfl van, hd trp tri lieu tam ly xa hdi; hd trp va tim cae giai phap phfl hdp, tfl van, hd trd tiep can giao due va tfl va'n hoc nghe, tim vide lam; hd trp giai quydt nhiing van de lien quan dd'n phap ly; ddng thdi, hd trd tfl va'n cho can bd nganh eac kid'n thflc va ky nang ve dieu tri cai ngbidn de lidn hd, hpp tae, kd't ndi vdi nhiing ngfldi ed chuydn mdn nhu bac sy, y ta, giao vidn va cdng an; nghidn cflu cac va'n de phuc ldi xa hdi de phat tridn cae ehinh sach cd lien quan dd'n ngfldi sit dung ma Md hinh khdng nhflng tao dilu kidn, cd hpi cho ngfldi s^ dung ma ciing nhu ngUdi nha cd NSDMT cd cd hdi tid'p can vdi dieh vu cdng tac xa hdi giflp hp ngan ngfla vide lam dung ma tfly, khdng bi nghidn, khdng Id thupe vao ma tuy, ddi vdi ngflpi sii dung da nghidn, hp ed cd hdi eai nghien va dfl phdng tai nghien td't Ddi vdi ngfldi da bi tai nghidn, hp van ed y ebi quye't tam cai nghien va dU phdng tai nghien dd sud't cupc ddi edn lai khdng sit dung ma tiiy Hp ludn dflpc tid'p can vdi dich vu CTXH, vdi dpi ngu lam nghe CTXH chuyen nghiep va hidn dai, san sang dap flng nhu cau eua hp bat cfl nao hp cdn de tranh xa ma Tiep tuc xay diing va phat triin mang ludi cd sd cung cap dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy Trong thdi gian qua, cac Bd, nganh dflpc Thii tudng Chinh phu giao nhiem NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HM Q NHAN THirC CUA NGUOl StT DUNG MA TUY vu tai Quye't dinh so 32/QD-TTg kinh nghidm boat ddng v l nghe nghidp, 25/3/2010 va 100% eae tinh, pho' chuydn mdn va eae boat dpng khac nhdm da xay dUng va tridn khai Kd' hoaeh thUc lam vide vdi ngudi suf dung ma tiiy phdng hien Dl an phat tridn nghe cdng tac xa tranh, cai nghidn va dfl phdng tai hpi giai doan 2010-2015 Mdt sd' tinh, nghidn Xay dflng chUdng trinh, giao pho' da lap Ban Chi dao trinh dao tao trung cdp, cao ddng nghd thflc hidn Dl an, ban hanh Nghi quyd't edng tae xa hdi Tuy nhidn, vide thflc ciia Tinh iiy, Thanh iiy vl vide phat trien hien cae hoat ddng chfla chuydn nghiep, nghe cdng tac xa hdi tai dia phfldng chfla c6 sfl kd't ndi, ehuyen giii tdi cac cd Hang nam, Bp Lao ddng - ThUdng binh sd thuan tien Do dd, tid'p tue thfle hien va Xa hdi phdi hdp vdi cac Bd, nganh dupe giai phap nay, se giai quyet dUde cung hd trp cac Trung tam cdng tac xa hidn tUdng cd lap, cflng nhdc gifla cae cd hdi xay dUng mang lUdi edng tac vien sd cung cap dich vu nhdm dat hieu qua edng tac xa hpi; cung cdp dich vu edng cha't Ifldng dich vu NSDMT se cd cd hdi tac xa hpi cho cac nhdm doi tUpng yd'u tid'p can da dang va chuydn sau cac loai the, dd hi tdn thUdng tai cdng ddng; tang hinh dieh vu, thuan tidn eho NSDMT du cUdng nang lUc cho dpi ngu can bp, nhan hp ed the d dau Nhfl the', nhan thflc, thai vien, cdng tac vidn cdng tac xa hdi thdng dp eua hp thay doi hp se khdng suf dung qua eae khda tap huan vl kid'n thfle, ky ma nhieu ddn dd'n nghidn, phu thupc nang, ky thuat dieu tri nghidn ma tuy, vao nd, nhflng ngfldi nghidn se eai dflde tap hua'n kid'n thflc, tap huan quy trinh nghien va ban ehd'tai nghien vl quan li ca/quan ly trfldng hpp; quy Xa hdi hoa ve Cdng tac xa hdi va dich trinh phue hdi ehfle nang eho ngUdi sit vu Cdng tic xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi s^ dung dung ma tiiy, ngfldi ed rdi loan nghien ma chat, ngUdi tam than, ngudi rdi nhilu Xa hdi hda la mdt qua trinh ma ea tam tri dUa vao cdng ddng; tap hua'n ve nhan gia nhap vao nhom xa hdi vao edng quy trinh quan ly trUdng hdp ngUdi sut ddng xa hdi va dflde xa hdi tie'p nhan ea dung ma nhan nhu mdt vien ehinh thflc ciia Mat khae, ehung ta da hinh minh Vi vay ehung ta tid'n hanh xa Hiep hdi day nghe va nghe cdng tae xa hpi hda ve cdng tac xa hpi va dich vu hpi va phat tridn mang ludi hiep hdi tai cdng tac xa hdi doi vdi ngUdi sit dung ma Viet Nam, Bp Lao ddng - ThUdng binh va tiiy thi se giup ngUdi s^ dung ma Xa hpi da ban hanh quy chd' boat ddng cung nhu ngUdi than, ngUdi nha eua hp cua Hdi nghe cdng tae xa hpi Day la mdt nhan thfle dflde ma tuy, hau qua cua ma bUdc phat trien quan trpng, tao dieu tuy, tdi pham ma la hiem hpa kinh kien thuan lpi cho cac vien hpp khung ddi vdi nhan loai tfl dd hp thay tac, lien kd't, trao ddi kinh nghiem dd'i thai dp va hanh vi suf dung ma tfly, linh vUc phat trien nghe cdng tac xa hpi hp cd the tie'p can dupc vdi eac dich vu tU vdi ngUdi sii dung ma Hiep hdi va'n/tham va'n, phdng ngfla khdng nghidn kd't hpp vdi cac ban nganh cung vdi Hdi ma tuy, chfla tri, dilu tri ca ve mat y hoe khac td chflc cac didn dan nghe nghiep va tam ly xa hpi, ddng thoi cd the phue eiia can bp xa hpi dd giao luu, chia se hdi va phat tridn dn dinh sflc khde th^ m NHAN LUC KHOAHOCXAHOI SO 9-2019 LE THI THUY cha't va tinh thdn, co dflpc cdng an, vide lam dam bao cupc sd'ng lanh manh Hdn nfla, thflc hidn xa hpi hda cdn dao bao dp bao phu dd'n toan xa hdi, toan dan hidu bid't ve dich vu cdng tac xa hpi ddi vdi ngfldi sut dung ma tuy, hp ed nhflng thay doi nhat dinh quan diem nhin nhan va danh gia, giflp cho ngfldi sut dung ma ed ed hpi tid'p can dieh vu de phdng ngfla lam dung dan dd'n nghidn, dilu tri cai nghidn va dfl phdng tai ngbidn Sfl kdt hpp gifla gia dinh, nha trfldng va xa hpi vide giao due va dao tao ngudi se gdp phan giam tai cac van nan ve ma tfly va hanh vi tdi pham lien quan dd'n ma nhdm on dinh trat tfl xa hpi va dam bao nIn an sinh xa hdi Giai phap la cd y nghia dac bidt ddi sd'ng nban dan, thflc hidn giai phap se giup toan dan hieu v l cdng tac xa hdi la mdt khoa hpe flng dung, la boat dpng chuydn nghidp ho trd nhflng ngudi gap khd khan cude sd'ng, tac ddng thay ddi, phat tridn va dn dinh xa hdi Ddi vdi NSDMT, hp se co cd hpi de tid'p can dich vu tfl d giai doan ddu cua qua trinh thay dd'i hanh vi de dflng lai, phdng tranh lam dung ma tfly va khdng bi nghien Ket luan Nhin ehung, ngfldi sut dung ma ed sfl nhin nhan ve dich vu Cdng tac xa bdi d mfle dp khac Hau hd't hp nhan tha'y dflde tdm quan trpng va sU can thid't eua eae loai hinh dich vu nay, ddng thdi nhan thfle dflpc cae ndi dung chu yd'u ddi vdi eae loai hinh dich vu nhfl: dich vu hd trd eham sde y te, dich vu tfl va'n, tham va'n, dich vu bien bp ehinh sach phap luat, dich vu hd trd viec lam Tuy nhidn, da phdn hp chfla hid'u bid't SO 9-2019 sau sdc ve dich vu edng tac xa hdi va cac loai hinh dieh vu edng tae xa hdi vdi ngflpi sii dung ma Cdn nhieu hpe vidn eho rdng "chfla hieu bid't", "khdng quan trpng" va "khdng can thie't", Dilu cd nhieu nguyen nhan nhfl trinh dp nhan thflc, dieu kidn hoan canh, mdi trfldng sd'ng va tac ddng cua cae loai cha't gay nghidn nha't la thdi dai Vi vay, ehung ta edn ed nhflng hidn phap khac phuc nham nang cao nhan thflc eua hp vl dich vu Cdng tac xa hdi, ddng thdi giup bp nhan thay dich vu cdng tae xa hdi san sang hd trd hp phdng tranh lam dung ma va giup hp cai nghien va phdng chdng tai nghidn dd hp on dinh ve sfle khde thd chat, tinh than, tham gia lao dpng san xua't cd cupc sd'ng lanh manh gdp phan vao sfl dn dinh va phat tridn xa hdi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bui Thi Xuan Mai (2012), "Giao trinh nhap mdn Cdng tie xa hof, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi Ha Ndi Kd't qua khao sat de tai: ''Dich vu cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy ta thUc tien cac trung tam chUa binh - giao due - Lao ddng - Xa hdi phd Ha Ndi" Ke't qua phdng van sau eiia de tai: "Dich vu cdng tac xa hdi ddi vdi ngUdi sa dung ma tiiy ta thuc tiin cac trung tam chUa benh - giao due - Lao ddng - Xa hoi phd'Ha Ngi" National Association of Social Workers, Standards for Social Service Manpower, New York: NASW (1983), pp 4-5 "Ta dien Bach khoa Viet Nam" (2011), Nxb Tfl dien Bach khoa NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q ... dae bidt la dich vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi sxi dung ma npi dung "Dieh vu CTXH ddi vdi ngUdi stt dung ma la nhflng boat ddng mang lai ldi ich va tbda man nhu eau dflde xa hdi cha'p nhan dam bao sflc... thflc ve ma tuy, tac hai cflng nhu hau qua eua ma nen vao cd sd cai nghidn khdng cdn phai truyen thdng vl linh vUe Hpe vien N.Q.S cho bidt: 'Tht/c tdi hieu rat ro ve ma tiiy, nhiiu loai ma tiiy... ddi vdi ngUdi nghidn ma tuy"; "Kd't ndi ngudi nghidn ma vdi cd quan lidn quan de'n ehinh saeh, phap luat"; ' v a n ddng ngUdi nghidn ma tfly tham gia vao qua trinh cai nghien ma va dflde hfldng