- 1.—l^^.-.OCPHAPLY J09 B A N vfe NHONG TRUING HOP K H O N G D U O C L A M NGUCJI D A I DifN THEO tJY QUY^N QUY DINH TAI Difeu 87 B O L U A T T ( TUNG D A N SU N A M 2015 NGUYEN HUY H O A N G Toa an nhan dan phd Cam Ranh, tinh Klianh Hoa People's Court of Cam Ranh City, Khanh Hoa Province Email: nguyeiihuyhoang.toaan@gmaii.com Tom tdt Uy quy'in t6 tung ddn sy la viec chii thi dy quy'in cho m6t ch^ th^ khde tham gia vao qud tnnh td tung theo phdp lu4t td tung ddn st^ Bd ludt td tung ddn s^ ndm 2015 quy dinh cdc tru'ong hop khdng dugc lam ngudi dai diin theo Ciy quyin tgi Di'iu 87 Quy dinh tgi Biiu 87 Bd ludt id tying ddn stf ndm 2015 tdn tai mdt sd bdt c4p cin dupc sila ddi, hd sung va hudng ddn thdng nhdt dp dmg' T i l k h o a : ngu'oi dgi diin theo liy quy'in, Di'iu 87 Bd ludt Td tung ddn stf Abstract Authorization in civil proceedings means the subject authorizing another entity to participate in the proceedings according to civil procedure law The 2015 Civil Procedure Code stipulates cases in which an authorized representative in Article 87 cannot be authorized There are hotvever some shortcomings of Article 87 of the 2015 Civil Procedure Code that need to be amended K e y w o r d s : authorized representative Article 87 Civil Procedure Code Ngay nh^n bai: 18/7/2019 U Ngay duyet dang: 10/01/2020 y quy'fen td tung dan sU la vifec chii the uy quyfen cho chii th^ khac tham gia vao qua trinh td tung theo phap lu4t td tung d i n sil Vifec liy quy'fen td tung khdng chi giiip ngisdi duoc liy quyen bao ve quyfen ldi cua minh nhifeu tnidng h^p ma cdn gnip cd quan dfen hanh td tung giai quyfe't vu an nhanh chdng, ddng phap luat Thdi gian qua, vifec liy quyfen tham gia td tung dildc cac ditong sil lt(a chon nhifeu tham gia cac tranh chap dan sn tai Tda an Khi ddi sdng kinh td phat tri^n, tranh chap dan sU nhifeu hdn va cung phdc tap hon, trinh dd phap lu^t ciia ngUdi dan cdn han chfe' nfen cd xu hudng tim ki^m nhflng ngUdi am hi^u phap luat, cac td chiic hanh nghfe luat di cd dildc sii trd gidp Su chuyfen m o n hda Iinh vUc dich vii phap ly cang rd net Vifec tham gia td tung vdi tii each la dai dien theo dy quyfen thuan ldi, ddn gian h d n so vdi viec tham gia td tung vdi tu each ngudi bao vfe quyen va Idi ich hop phap cua dUdng 110 TAP c m KHOA HOC PHAP LY VUti l^Jf ' " " r , : SU (luat su) V I nhUng ly trin, viic tham gia ttf tung vdi tU ciu: ^^^ diin theo liy quyjn trd n«n phd bife Tuy nhien, theo q^V,*"^ j„ phap lujt, kh6ng phai cung cd thd lam ngUdi dai dien theo uy qj Theo DiSu 87 Bd luat Td tung dan sU (BLTTDS) nSm nhung trudng hdp khdng dUdc lam ngUdi dai dita, gdm: " Nhang ngu-di sau ddy 'khdng duac lam ngubi dai ditn theo phj ^.^^ a) Nfu ho cung la duong su dmg mdt vu mic vM ngudi dudi M' ^^^ md quyin vd loi ich hdp phdp ciia ho ddi lip vdi quyin va lai ich hop pmP ngudi duac dai diin; c^ b) mu ho dang la ngudi dai diin theo phdp ludt td tung ddnsv mdt duong su khde ma quyin va loi ich hfp phdp cia duong SU dit iip quyin vd lai ich hpp phdp cia ngudi dudc dai diin cing mdt vu ôôã Quy dinh tai khodn Diiu cUng dudc dp dung ddi vdi trUOng hdp dai diln theo iy quyin td tung ddn su Cdn bd, cdng chUc cdc cn quan Toa dn, Kiim sdt, Cdng an khdng dupc ldm ngudi dai diln td lung ddn su, trU trudng hpp hp tham gia td tung vdi tu cdch la ngudi dti diln cho cd quan cia hp hoac vdi tu cdch Id nguil dai diln theo phdp ludt" Qua nghita cUu cac van bdn phap luat td tung dan sU trUdc day, phap Iuat nudc ngoai va thuc den thi hanh v6 ily quySn, quy dinh tai 0i6u 87 BLTTDS cd mdt sd van d'e c5n phai trao ddi Thu nhdt, theo quy dinh cua BLTTDS, di dudc lam ngUdi dai dien theo uy quy'en cUa dUdng sU thi ngUdi dai dien phai cd nang luc hanh vi td tung dan su (tren 18 tudi, khdng bi mat nSng lUc hanh vi dan sU).' Theo khoin Di'eu 138 Bd luat Dan su (BLDS) nam 2015 thi ''ngudi tu dil mudi ldm tudi din chua di mudi idm tudi CO thi Id ngudi dpi diin theo iy quyin, trii trubng hpp phdp ludt quy dinh giao dich ddn su phdi ngubi tu di mubi tdm tudi trd lin xde Idp, thuc hiin" D d n g thdi, tai cac Di'eu 85, 87 cUa BLTTDS nJm 2015 khdng cd quy dinh c i m ngudi tU du 15 tudi dta dudi 18 tudi I'am dai dien theo uy quy'en Ne'u dudng sU la ngudi chua th'anh nien hoac ngUdi m i t nang luc h'anh vi dan su thi ho khdng thd tu rn'mh thuc hign quydn, nghia vu td tung ndn khdng thd I'am van ban uy quySn cho ngudi khac tham gia td tung Chinh v'i vay, trudng hdp ngudi dai dien theo phan lujt cUa ho se uy quydn cho ngudi khac cd nhu c'Ju Trong 1115^,./; trudng hop dac biet, ngudi tU du mudi lam tudi den chua du mudi ta tudi da tham gia lao ddng theo hdp ddng lao ddng hoac giao djch d" su bang t'ai san rieng cua minh dUdc tu minh tham gia td tung vd nhu viec cd Hen quan ddn quan hd lao ddng hoac quan hd dJn su dd Tro ' Khoan Di&u 69 BLTTDS nam 2015 JivjA n O C PHAP LY truong hop nay, Tda an cd quy'dn tridu tap ngudi dai didn hdp phap cua hp tham gia td tung Ddi vdi nhung viec khac, viec thuc hidn quyen, nghia vu td tung dJn sU cua duong sU tai Tda an ngudi dai didn hdp phap ciia hp thUc hidn.' So sanh vdi Lujt T d tung hanh chinh nam 2015, ngudi dai didn theo Uy quydn td m n g hanh chinh phai la ngudi cd nang luc hanh ¥1 dan su "dSy dit", duOc duong sU hoSc ngudi dai didn theo phap luat cUa duong su Uy quydn bing van ban.' N h u vay, giUa BLTTDS nam 2015 va Luat T d tung hanh chiiih n i m 2015 cd sU khdng thdng nhat v i khai nidm dji didn theo Uy quyin Ddi vdi ngudi bl Tda an tuydn bd han chd ning lUc hanh vi dan su thi Tda an quydt dinh ngudi dai didn theo phap luit cUa ngudi bJ han chd n i n g luc hanh vi din SU va pham vi dai didn." Ddi vdi ngudi cd khd k h i n nhan thUc, lam chU hanh vi thi Tda an quyd't dinh tuydn bd ngudi la ngudi cd khd khan n h i n thUc, lam chu tianh vi va chi dinh ngudi giam hd, xac ttinh quydn, nghia vu cUa ngudi giam hd.'^ T u y phap tuat quy dinh nhu vay nhung nhjn thUc ve dai didn theo Uy q u y i n trudng hop cd sU khdng thdng nhat Cd quan didm cho rSng: mdt ngUdi hi Tda i n tuydn hd han chd n i n g luc hanh vi d i n sU hojc la ngudi cd khd k h i n nhjn thtSc, lam chu hanh vi c'Jn phai cd ngUdi dai didn theo phap lujt hoic ngudi giim hd thay mJt minh thuc hien cic giao dich dJn SU thi khdng the dji didn cho ngUdi khac tham gia td tung tai Tda i n ' Tac gia khdng ddng y vdi quan didm trdn, bdi le: Mdt la, ngudi cd khd khjn nhjn thdc, lam chU hanh vi hp chua phai la ngudi m i t n i n g liic hanh vi d i n sU Cd the ho chi cd khd k h i n viec tam chU hanh vi cua minh mdt thdi didm hojc mOt sd hanh vi n h i t dinh Q u y dinh trudng hdp nao duoc hidu la t'mh trang thd chit hoac tinh th'Jn ma khdng du kha nang ntijn thUc, lam chU hanh vi nhung chua ddn mUc m i t n i n g luc h i n h vi din su thi didu lujt khdng quy d|nh rd rang, d i n ddn giy nh'Jm lin q u i trinh ip dung Phap lujt quy dinh rd vd trudng hdp m i t n i n g luc hanh vi dJn su nhu sau: "Khi mdt ngubi bi binh tdm thdn hope mdc binh khde md khdng tM nhin thic, ldm chi dubc hdnh vi tiii theo ylu cdu aia ngudi CO quyin, ldi ieh liin KJioan DiSu 69 BLTTDS nam 2015 Khoin DiSu 60 Lujt T6 t^mg hanh chinh nam 2015 Khoin Di&u 24 BLDS nam 2015 Khoan Di&u 23 BLDS nam 2015 Nguyen Thj Thu Ha, "Ngii6i dai di&n ciia duong si( Bo luac Tdnjng dan su 2015", Ti^p dti Nha mac vapttdp Iu4t, sfi 9, 2016, cr 32 TAP CHI KHOA HOC PHSF-glTvici quan hope cia ca quan, tdchUe hau quan, Toa dn quyit dinh tuyin bdng ndy la ngudi mdt ndng lue hdnh vi ddn si) trin ca sd kit luin gidm dinhphap y tdm than"? N h u vJy, dd xac djnh ngUdi mat nang lUc hanh vi dan stf thi ngudi dd phai la ngudi cd di'u hidu vd bdnh tim than hoic bdnll khac m'a khdng nhjn thUc dupc hinh vi cua minh Tuy nhien,