768 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Activities (White Cohosh) — Allergenic (1; FAD); Alterative (f; CRC); Anticonvulsant (f; DEM); Aperitif (f; DEM); Circulostimulant (f; FAD); Deliriant (f; FAD); Emetic (1; PHR); Insectifuge (f; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Laxative (f; CRC; FAD; PHR); Nervine (f; CRC); Spasmogenic (1; APA); Vesicant (f; FAD) Indications (White Cohosh) — Anorexia (f; DEM); Arthrosis (f; CRC); Childbirth (f; APA; CRC; DEM); Cold (f; FAD); Congestion (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC; FAD; PHR); Convulsion (f; DEM); Cough (f; DEM; FAD); Debility (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC; DEM); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Headache (f; FAD); Hematuria (f; DEM); Itch (f; CRC; DEM); Metrorrhagia (f; CRC); Pain (f; DEM); Parturition (f; APA); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Sore (f; DEM); Urogenitosis (f; DEM) Dosages (White Cohosh) — Do not use it (APA) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Cohosh) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) Poisonous and vesicant, may cause blistering, delirium, gastroenterosis, inflammation, irregular breathing, and vomiting European cases of fatal child poisoning have been reported from eating berries of A spicata WHITE DEADNETTLE (Lamium album L.) +++ Activities (White Deadnettle) — Astringent (1; EFS; HHB; PH2; PNC); Cholagogue (f; EFS); Depurative (f; EFS; MAD; WOI); Diuretic (f; EFS; MAD); Expectorant (f; PHR; PH2); Hemostat (1; PNC; WOI); Hypnotic (f; WOI); Pectoral (f; EFS); Resolvent (f; WOI); Sedative (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS); Uterotonic (f; MAD); Vulnerary (f; WOI) Indications (White Deadnettle) — Adenopathy (1; HHB); Adnexosis (f; MAD); Albuminuria (f; MAD); Amenorrhea (f; MAD); Anemia (f; MAD); Arthrosis (f; MAD); Bleeding (1; EFS; MAD; PNC; WOI); Boil (f; HHB); Bronchosis (2; PHR; PH2); Burn (f; MAD); Cancer (f; JLH; MAD); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Catarrh (2; HHB; KOM; PH2); Chlorosis (f; MAD; WOI); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cough (2; PHR; PH2); Cramp (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; HHB); Debility (f; WOI); Dermatosis (2; KOM; PH2); Dysentery (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD; PH2); Earache (f; HHB); Enterosis (f; PH2); Epistaxis (1; WOI); Fever (f; MAD); Fracture (f; PH2); Gas (f; PHR; PH2); Gastrosis (2; PHR; PH2); Goiter (f; MAD); Gonorrhea (f; HHB); Hemorrhoid (f; EFS; MAD); Hysteria (f; HHB); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; EFS; HHB); Itch (f; MAD); Kidney Stone (f; MAD); Leukorrhea (2; KOM; PH2); Lumbago (f; PH2); Menorrhagia (1; PNC; WOI); Mucososis (2; KOM; PH2); Nephrosis (f; HHB); Nervousness (f; EFS); Pharyngosis (2; KOM; PH2); Pyelosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (2; HHB; PH2); Rhinosis (1; WOI); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; HHB; MAD); Sore Throat (2; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH; MAD); Stomatosis (2; KOM; PH2); Swelling (f; JLH); Syphilis (f; MAD); Urethrosis (f; HHB); Urogenitosis (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; MAD; WOI); VD (f; HHB); Water Retention (f; EFS; MAD); Wen (f; JLH); Whitlow (f; JLH); Wound (f; MAD; PH2) W Dosages (White Deadnettle) — g flower (KOM); 4–6 tsp (2.4–3.6 g) flower in tea/day (MAD); g flower/cup water ×/day (PHR); g flower for one sitz bath (KOM); 5–10 drops tincture several ×/day (MAD); for poultice, scald 50 g flowers with 500 ml water (PH2); add g to bath (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Deadnettle) — Class (AHP) None known (KOM; PH2) Leaves are edible (WOI) WHITE HELLEBORE (Veratrum album L.) X Synonym: V lobelianum Bernh Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 769 Activities (White Hellebore) — Analeptic (f; MAD); Analgesic (f; HH3); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; MAD); Emetic (f; EFS; HH3); Errhine (f; EFS); Expectorant (f; EFS); Hypotensive (1; PH2); Irritant (1; PH2); Laxative (f; EFS; MAD); Nervine (f; EFS); Respiradepressant (1; PH2); Scabicide (f; EFS); Sedative (f; EFS); Sternutator (1; FEL); Tonic (f; MAD); Toxic (f; EFS); Vermifuge (f; EFS) Indications (White Hellebore) — Angina (f; MAD); Arrhythmia (f; HH3); Arthrosis (f; HH3; PH2); Bradycardia (f; PH2); Callus (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, face (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; MAD); Cholera (f; FEL; HH3; MAD; PH2); Cold (f; MAD); Colic (f; MAD); Constipation (f; EFS; MAD); Cramp (f; MAD; PH2); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; FEL; MAD); Diarrhea (f; MAD; PH2); Duodenosis (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD); Enterosis (f; MAD); Epilepsy (f; MAD); Felon (f; JLH); Fever (f; EFS; MAD; HH3); Gout (f; FEL; MAD; HH3; PH2); Graves Disease (f; PH2); Headache (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Insanity (f; FEL); Insomnia (f; EFS); Itch (f; FEL); Myalgia (f; MAD); Myasthenia gravis (f; HH3); Nervousness (f; EFS); Neuropathy (f; HH3; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Pain (f; HH3; MAD; PH2); Phymata (f; JLH); Pityriasis (f; MAD); Pneumonia (f; MAD); Polyp (f; JLH); Rheumatism (f; HH3; PH2); Scabies (f; EFS; MAD); Sore (f; MAD); Splenosis (f; JLH); Typhus (f; MAD); Ulcer (f; MAD); Vertigo (f; MAD); Vomiting (f; PH2); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; MAD); Whitlow (f; JLH); Worm (f; EFS) Dosages (White Hellebore) — Do not take it (JAD); initial internal dose 20–100 mg powdered herb, or 20–60 drops tincture (HH3; PH2); externally, g drug in 10 g lanolin and 20 g fat as topical (HH3; PH2); drops herb tincture ×/day (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Hellebore) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) Severely toxic, lethal dose 10–20 mg alkaloids = 1–2 g herb Alkaloids are transdermally absorbed (PH2) WHITE HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare L.) ++ W Activities (White Horehound) — Alterative (f; EFS); Anti-5-Hydroxytryptophan (1; CAN); Antiarrhythmic (1; APA; BGB; CAN); Antiedemic (1; PNC); Antiinflammatory (1; PNC); Antipyretic 770 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs (f; EFS); Antischistosomal (1; CAN); Antiseptic (f; EFS; MAD); Antiserotonin (1; PNC); Antispasmodic (f; CAN); Antitussive (1; APA; BGB); Aperitif (1; APA; BGB; PH2); Arrhythmogenic (1; APA; BGB; CAN); Bitter (1; APA; CAN); Cardioactive (1; BGB; CAN); Carminative (f; EFS); Cholagogue (f; EFS); Choleretic (1; APA; BGB; HHB; KOM; PH2); Dermatitigenic (1; CAN); Diaphoretic (1; WAM); Digestive (1; APA); Diuretic (1; EFS; WAM); Emmenagogue (f; APA; HHB; MAD); Expectorant (1; APA; BGB; FEL; MAD; WAM); Gastrogogue (1; PH2); Hepatotonic (f; MAD); Hypoglycemic (1; APA); Hypotensive (1; APA; PNC); Laxative (1; APA; CAN; HHB; PHR; PH2); Nephrotonic (f; MAD); Secretagogue (1; CAN); Sialagogue (1; APA); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic (f; EFS); Tonic (f; BGB; HHB; PNC); Vasodilator (1; APA); Vermifuge (f; HHB) Indications (White Horehound) — Adenopathy (f; JLH); Amenorrhea (f; FEL); Anorexia (2; APA; BGB; KOM; PH2); Arrhythmia (1; APA; BGB; CAN); Atherosclerosis (f; MAD); Asthma (f; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Bloating (2; KOM; PH2); Bronchiectasis (f; MAD); Bronchosis (2; MAD; BGB; PHR; PH2); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, gum (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; APA); Catarrh (f; BGB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Chlorosis (f; MAD); Childbirth (f; DEM); Cholecystosis (2; MAD; PHR); Circulosis (f; DEM); Cold (1; APA; DEM; FEL); Constipation (1; APA; CAN; HHB; PHR; PH2); Corn (f; JLH); Cough (2; BGB; FEL; PHR; WAM); Cramp (f; CAN; MAD); Debility (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; MAD; PHR); Diabetes (1; APA); Diarrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Dog Bite (f; BGB); Duodenosis (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; MAD; PHR); Dyspepsia (2; APA; KOM; PHR; PH2); Earache (f; MAD); Enterosis (f; APA); Fever (1; EFS; WAM); Fibroid (f; JLH); Flu (f; DEM; KOM); Gas (2; APA; BGB; EFS; KOM; PH2); Gastrosis (f; FAD); Gingivosis (f; JLH); Gout (f; MAD); Hepatosis (2; MAD; PHR); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; PNC); Hysteria (f; FEL); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; EFS; PH2); Inflammation (f; JLH; PH2; PNC); Jaundice (1; MAD; PHR; PH2); Laryngosis (f; MAD); Malaria (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; JLH); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Pertussis (1; BGB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Placenta (f; MAD); Polyp (f; JLH); Ptyalism (f; FEL); Respirosis (1; APA; BGB; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; MAD); Schistosomiasis (1; CAN); Sore (f; PHR); Sore Throat (1; APA; BGB; FAD); Splenosis (f; JLH; MAD); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Stone (f; MAD); Swelling (1; PNC); Tuberculosis (f; APA; BGB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Ulcer (f; MAD); Uterosis (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; EFS; WAM); Worm (f; APA; FEL; HHB); Wound (f; PHR; PH2) Dosages (White Horehound) — 1.5 g/cup (HHB); 4–5 g herb (KOM); 2–3 tsp (3.4–5.1 g) herb; 1–2 g herb in tea ×/day (APA; CAN); 1.5 g chopped herb/cup water several ×/day (WIC); 1–2 g powdered herb (PNC); g powdered herb (MAD); drachm herb (FEL); 2–4 oz herb tea or syrup (FEL); 2–4 ml herbal syrup (APA; PNC); 2–4 ml concentrated herb infusion (PNC); 2–6 tbsp fresh juice (KOM); 30–60 ml expressed herb juice (PHR); 2–4 ml liquid herbal extract (1:1 in 20% ethanol) ×/day (CAN); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract (PNC) W Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Horehound) — Class 2b Emmenagogue and uterotonic (AHP) Five cups may cause arrhythmia (APA) None known (KOM; PHR) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) APA notes that, to my confusion and consternation, the FDA “banned horehound” from OTC remedies in 1989, finding no convincing support for efficacy Their German counterparts approved the herb a year later for colds, coughs, and dyspepsia with its accompanying gas and anorexia (APA) The plant juice from white horehound is an irritant and may cause dermatosis (CAN) Because it is reputed to be abortifacient, and reputed to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN) Lack of toxicity data and suggested cardioactive properties suggest it should not be taken in excessive doses Larger doses are laxative (CAN) Contraindicated in cardiopathy, hypertension, and pregnancy (WAM) Large doses are possibly arrhythmigenic or laxative (AHP; WAM) Extracts (White Horehound) — HOH extracts are antihydroxytryptamine; EO is an expectorant, schistosomicidal, and vasodilator Marrubiin is an antiarrhythmic, but in higher doses may reverse, becoming arrhythmogenic (CAN) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 771 WHITE LILY, MADONNA LILY (Lilium candidum L.) + MAD does not cover L candidum, instead featuring tiger lily and under that, the martagon PH2 covers L candidum and L martagon L but excludes L tigrinum Ker Gawl, now better known as L lancifolium Thunberg The USDA and WOI view all three as different, so I too will include all three in my HDR EFS and HHB aggregated data for tiger lily and martagon I treat them as separate Activities (White Lily) — Analgesic (1; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; PH2); Antispasmodic (f; EFS; WOI); Astringent (1; BIB; FEL; PH2; WOI); Demulcent (f; BIB; FEL; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; BIB); Diuretic (1; BIB; PH2); Emollient (f; BIB); Expectorant (1; BIB; PH2); Fungicide (1; HHB); Phagocytotic (1; PNC); Stimulant (f; BIB); Tonic (f; FEL) Indications (White Lily) — Bite (f; HHB); Burn (f; HHB; PH2); Callus (f; BIB); Cancer (f; BIB; FEL; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, ear (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, intestine (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, lung (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, neck (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, rib (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; JLH); Cancer, testicle (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, throat (f; BIB; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; BIB; JLH); Corn (f; BIB); Cramp (f; EFS; WOI); Dermatosis (f; BIB; WOI); Dropsy (f; BIB; PNC; WOI); Dysmenorrhea (f; PNC); Epilepsy (f; BIB; WOI); Fever (f; BIB); Fibroid (f; JLH); Fungus (1; HHB); Furuncle (f; PH2); Gynecosis (f; PH2); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; HHB); Inflammation (1; BIB; FEL; PH2; PNC); Leukorrhea (f; FEL); Lumbago (f; HHB); Mycosis (1; HHB); Nausea (f; BIB); Orchosis (f; JLH); Otosis (f; FEL); Pain (1; FEL; PH2); Polyp (f; JLH); Prolapse (f; FEL); Skin (f; BIB); Sore (f; BIB; FEL; HHB; PH2; PNC); Spasm (f; BIB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Swelling (f; HHB); Toothache (f; HHB); Tumor (f; BIB); Uterosis (f; FEL; JLH); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (1; BIB; HHB; PH2); Wound (f; PH2) Dosages (White Lily) — PH2 says apply a thick paste, made from fresh or cooked “onions” = lily bulbs, I presume W 772 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Lily) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) None reported at proper dosage, but no specific dosage indicated (PH2) Antimycotic activity possibly due to gamma-methylenebutyrolactone (HHB) WHITE MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) +++ Synonyms: M alba f tatarica Ser., M alba var constantinopolitana Loudon, M alba var multicaulis (Perr.) Loudon, M indica L., M multicaulis Perr I suspect that most birds and few foresters, herbalists, and taxonomists know which species (red, white, or black; rubra, alba, or nigra) they last ingested for edible or medicinal reasons Further, I doubt that most chemical and overseas clinical trials have been vouchered Still, I keep them separate, knowing that I have white and black fruits volunteering, almost weeds on my property I would, myself, use them generically for food and medicine, though as a botanist I cannot prescribe such See other species for other indications I’ll bet that in 10 years, someone bolder than I will treat them all generically as mulberry, Morus spp Activities (White Mulberry) — Analgesic (1; FAY); Antiaging (1; X10616967); Antibacterial (1; FAD; FAY); Antiinflammatory (1; WOI); Antileukemic (1; X10784426); Antioxidant (1; X10616967); Antipyretic (f; DEP; FAY; PNC); Antiradicular (1; X10616967); Antispasmodic (1; MPI; PNC); Antitumor (1; ABS); Astringent (f; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; WOI); Diuretic (1; FAY; PNC); Emollient (f; WOI); Expectorant (f; PNC); Fungicide (1; DAA); Glucosidase Inhibitor (1; X8050098); Hypoglycemic (1; PNC; X8787787; X7666358); Hypotensive (1; FAY; PNC); Immunomodulator (1; X10896055); Lactagogue (1; DEP; WOI); Laxative (f; DEP; FAY; PNC); Lymphocytogenic (1; X10896055); Nematicide (1; MPI); Pectoral (f; DAA); Propecic (f; DAA); Sedative (1; FAY); Tranquilizer (1; FAY); Vermifuge (f; DEP; WOI) W Indications (White Mulberry) — Alopecia (f; DAA); Anasarca (f; DAA); Aphtha (f; DAA); Arthrosis (f; FAD); Asthma (f; FAD; FAY); Bacteria (1; FAD; FAY; WOI); Bite (f; DAA; FAY); Boil (1; FAY); Bronchosis (f; FAD); Cachexia (f; DAA); Cancer (1; ABS; FAY); Cancer, esophagus (1; FAY); Cancer, stomach (1; FAY); Candida (1; WOI); Catarrh (f; PHR); Cold (1; FAY); Conjunctivosis (f; FAY); Constipation (f; DEP; FAY; PNC); Convulsion (1; FAY); Cough (f; FAD; FAY); Cramp (1; FAY; MPI; PNC); Deafness (f; FAY); Debility (f; DAA); Depression (f; DEP); Diabetes (1; FAD; FAY; X8787787); Diarrhea (f; DEM); Dropsy (f; DAA); Dyspepsia (f; DAA; DEP); Eczema (f; FAY); Edema (1; FAD; FAY); Elephantiasis (1; FAY); Enterosis (f; FAY); Epilepsy (f; DAA); Esophagosis (1; FAY); Fever (1; DEP; FAY; PNC; WOI); Flu (f; DAA); Fungus (1; DAA); Gastrosis (1; FAY); Gray Hair (f; FAD); Headache (1; DAA; FAD; FAY); Hemoptysis (f; DAA); Hepatosis (f; FAD); High Blood Pressure (1; FAY; PNC); Hyperemia (f; FAD); Hyperglycemia (1; PNC; X8787787; X7666358); Infection (1; DAA; FAY; WOI); Inflammation (1; WOI); Insomnia (1; FAY); Itch (f; FAY); Leukemia (1; X10784426); Menorrhagia (f; DAA); Mycosis (1; DAA; FAA; WOI); Nervousness (1; FAY); Neurasthenia (f; FAY); Oliguria (f; DAA); Ophthalmia (f; FAY); Pain (1; FAD; FAY); Palpitation (f; FAY); Pertussis (1; FAD); Pulmonosis (f; FAD); Respirosis (1; FAY); Rheumatism (1; FAY); Salivation (f; DAA); Scrofula (1; FAY); Senility (f; DAA); Snakebite (f; DAA); Sore (1; FAY); Sore Throat (f; DEP; FAY); Staphylococcus (1; FAY); Stomatosis (f; DAA); Streptococcus (1; FAY); Swelling (1; FAY); Thirst (f; FAY); Tinnitus (f; FAY); Toothache (1; FAY); Tumor (1; ABS); Vertigo (1; FAY); Water Retention (1; FAY; PNC); Worm (f; DEM; DEP; WOI); Yeast (1; WOI) Dosages (White Mulberry) — 6–12 g root bark (FAY); 3–12 g leaf (FAY); 30–60 g branches (FAY); 9–15 g fruit (FAY); 2–4 ml fruit syrup (PHR) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (White Mulberry) — Class (AHP) Not covered (KOM; PHR) FAY reports side effects only from injected leaf preparations, but no problems with oral .. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 769 Activities (White Hellebore) — Analeptic (f; MAD); Analgesic (f; HH3); Diaphoretic... (1; APA; BGB; CAN); Antiedemic (1; PNC); Antiinflammatory (1; PNC); Antipyretic 770 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs (f; EFS); Antischistosomal (1; CAN); Antiseptic (f; EFS; MAD); Antiserotonin (1;... is an antiarrhythmic, but in higher doses may reverse, becoming arrhythmogenic (CAN) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 771 WHITE LILY, MADONNA LILY (Lilium candidum L.) + MAD does not cover L candidum,