Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 753 VERVAIN (Verbena officinalis L.) ++ Activities (Vervain) — Adaptogen (f; FAD); Analgesic (1; APA; CRC; PH2; WAM); Antibacterial (1; HH2); Antidepressant (f; APA; PNC); Antiedemic (1; APA; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; FAD; HHB; PHR); Antileukemic (1; HH2); Antipyretic (f; CRC; WOI); Antiseptic (1; FAD; FNF; HH2; PHR); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; MAD; PNC); Antitumor (1; PH2); Antitussive (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Antiviral (1; FNF; PHR); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; HDR); Astringent (1; CRC; HDR; PH2); Bitter (1; WAM); CNS Depressant (1; FNF); Cytotoxic (1; PH2); Decongestant (1; APA); Depurative (f; MAD); Diaphoretic (1; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC; WAM); Digestive (f; APA; PNC); Diuretic (1; APA; FAD; HHB; HH2; MAD; WAM); Emetic (f; CRC; FEL; PNC); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Expectorant (1; APA; CRC; FEL; HHB; MAD); Hypotensive (1; APA); Lactagogue (1; APA; CRC; FAD; HHB; MAB; PH2); Laxative (f; CRC); Litholytic (f; CRC); Nervine (1; CRC; MAD; PNC; WAM); Parasympathomimetic (1; APA; PNC); Rubefacient (f; CRC); Secretolytic (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Sedative (1; WAM); Sialagogue (1; PHR); Thymoleptic (1; CAN); Tonic (f; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC); Uterocontractant (1; APA); Uterotonic (1; CAN; CRC; FNF); Vermifuge (f; CRC; WOI); Vulnerary (f; CRC; WOI) Indications (Vervain) — Acne (f; APA); Adenopathy (f; JLH); Alactea (1; PHR); Amenorrhea (f; HH2; MAD); Anemia (f; CRC; MAD); Angina (f; HH2); Anorexia (f; FEL); Arthrosis (f; HH2; PHR; PH2); Asthma (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Bacteria (1; HH2); Bladder Stone (f; MAD); Bleeding (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Bruise (f; FEL; PHR; PH2); Burn (f; PH2); Calculus (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; JLH; PH2); Cancer, colon (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; FNF; JLH); Cancer, scrotum (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, testicle (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, viscera (1; CRC; JLH); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Cerebrosis (f; PH2); Chlorosis (f; MAD; PHR); Cholecystosis (f; HH2; PH2); Cold (f; FEL; HH2; PH2; PNC); Congestion (1; APA); Constipation (f; CRC); Convulsion (f; PH2); Cough (1; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cramp (f; APA; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2; PNC); Cystosis (f; MAD); Debility (f; APA; FEL); Depression (f; APA; HH2; MAD; PNC); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Dislocation (f; PHR); Dropsy (f; CRC; MAD; PHR); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CRC; FEL; MAD; PHR; PH2; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; PHR; PH2); Dysuria (f; CRC); Eczema (f; CRC; HH2; MAD); Edema (1; APA; CRC; MAD; PH2); Enterosis (f; FEL); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fatigue (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (1; APA; CRC; FEL; MAD; PNC; WAM; WOI); Flu (1; FNF; PHR); Gas (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; FEL; PH2); Glossosis (f; MAD); Gout (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gravel (f; V 754 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs FEL; MAD); Headache (f; APA; CEB; CRC; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC); Hemostasis (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; DEM; FAD; HH2; MAD; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; APA); Hyperactivity (1; WAM); Hypophosis (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (1; APA; FAD; HHB; PHR); Infection (1; WAM); Infertility (f; MAD); Insomnia (1; CRC; HHB; WAM); Itch (f; PHR; PH2); Jaundice (f; APA; MAD; PNC); Kidney Stone (1; X7860196); Leukemia (1; HH2); Lichen (f; MAD); Lochia (f; MAD); Malaria (f; CRC; FAD; MAD; PH2); Melancholia (CAN); Menopause (f; PHR); Migraine (f; APA; HH2); Mucososis (f; PH2); Nephrosis (f; DEM; MAD; PHR; PH2); Nervousness (1; WAM); Neuropathy (f; CRC; HH2; MAD); Neurasthenia (f; APA; MAD); Neurosis (f; APA; PHR; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Otosis (1; WAM); Pain (1; APA; CRC; MAD; PH2; WAM); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (f; PHR; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Pleurisy (f; CRC); Polyp (f; JLH); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; MAD; PH2); Rheumatism (f; HH2; MAD; PHR; PH2); Salmonella (1; HH2); Shigella (1; HH2); Sore (1; APA; MAD); Sore Throat (f; HH2; MAD; PH2); Splenosis (f; FAD; JLH; MAD); Stomatosis (f; PH2); Stone (f; CEB; CRC); Swelling (1; APA; PH2; WOI); Toothache (f; MAD); Trigeminosis (f; MAD); Tumor (1; PH2); Ulcer (f; CRC; MAD); Uterosis (f; CRC; MAD); UTI (f; PHR; PH2); Virus (1; FNF; PHR); Water Retention (1; APA; FAD; HHB; HH2; MAD; WAM); Worm (f; CRC; FEL; WOI); Wound (f; APA; MAD) Dosages (Vervain) — 1.5–4 g to ×/day (HH2); 4.5–9 g, as often happens, is the Chinese dose (PH2); tsp herb/cup water 1–4 ×/day (APA); 2–4 g dry herb, or in tea, ×/day (CAN); infusion of 5–20 g herb/liter water, take 2–4 g up to ×/day (PH2); 1–2 tsp liquid herb extract (MAD); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract (APA; PH2; PNC); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) ×/day (CAN); 5–10 ml herb tincture (1:1 in 40% ethanol) ×/day (CAN) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Vervain) — Class 2b (AHP), without stating the reason, perhaps rosmarinic acid refers to gonadotropic and lactagogue activity CAN notes no toxicity or side effects for vervain itself, but adds that high doses of verbenalin can cause CNS paralysis, convulsions, and stupor Excessive doses may interfere with blood pressure and hormone therapy Reportedly abortifacient and oxytocic, it should not be taken in pregnancy Excessive use should be avoided (CAN) Extracts (Vervain) — Animal or in vitro models demonstrate antiinflammatory, antitussive, lactagogue, secretolytic, and sialagogue activities (PHR) Fruits extracts used for dysmenorrhea and oligolactea The lactagogue properties of vervain are often attributed to aucubin A luteinizing action is attributed to inhibition of gonadotropic action on the posterior lobe of the pituitary Verbenalin is uterotonic LD50 extract 9000 mg/kg orl mus (HH2), LD50 ethanol extract 250 mg/kg ipr mus (HH2) VETIVER, KHUS KHUS (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) +++ Synonyms: Anatherum zizanioides (L.) Hitchc & Chase, Andropogon muricatus Retz., Andropogon odoratus Steud., Andropogon squarrosus auct., Andropogon zizanioides (L.) Urb., Phalaris zizanioides L V Activities (Vetiver) — Abortifacient (f; ZUL); Alexeritic (f; KAB); Analgesic (f; JFM); Antipyretic (f; EFS; SUW; WOI); Antispasmodic (f; EFS); Astringent (f; KAB); Carminative (f; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; JFM; SUW; WOI); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; EFS; KAB; SUW); Fungicide (1; ZUL); Insectifuge (1; JFM; ZUL); Litholytic (f; IHB); Sedative (f; KAB); Stomachic (f; EFS; KAB; SUW); Stimulant (f; SKJ; SUW); Tonic (f; EFS; KAB; SUW); Vermifuge (1; ZUL) Indications (Vetiver) — Asthma (f; ZUL); Biliousness (f; KAB); Bladder Stone (f; IHB); Boil (f; SKJ); Burn (f; SKJ); Cerebrosis (f; KAB); Colic (f; WOI); Cramp (f; EFS); Epilepsy (f; SKJ); Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 755 Fever (f; EFS; JFM; KAB; SUW; WOI); Flu (f; JFM; ZUL); Fungus (1; ZUL); Gas (f; WOI); Gastrosis (f; IHB); Halitosis (f; KAB); Hangover (1; JAD); Headache (f; JFM; KAB); Hematosis (f; KAB); Infection (1; ZUL); Insomnia (f; KAB); Lumbago (f; WOI); Malaria (f; SKJ; ZUL); Mycosis (1; ZUL); Nervousness (f; KAB); Neuropathy (f; JFM); Pain (f; JFM); Pleurisy (f; JFM; ZUL); Puerperium (f; IHB); Rheumatism (f; JFM; WOI); Snakebite (f; SKJ); Spermatorrhea (f; KAB); Sprain (f; WOI); Sting (f; SKJ); Stomatosis (f; SKJ); Stone (f; IHB); Vomiting (f; WOI); Water Retention (f; EFS); Worm (1; ZUL) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Vetiver) — Class 2b Abortifacient, emmenagogue, and uterotonic (AHP) VIRGINIA-CREEPER, AMERICAN IVY (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch.) + Activities (Virginia-Creeper) — Allergenic (f; FAD); Astringent (f; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; CEB; FAD; HHB); Poison (f; HHB); Tonic (f; PH2) Indications (Virginia-Creeper) — Alcoholism (f; CEB); Bronchosis (f; CEB); Bunion (f; JLH); Cancer (f; JLH); Corn (f; JLH); Dermatosis (f; CEB; DEM; FAD); Diarrhea (f; CEB; FAD); Dropsy (f; CEB); Drunkenness (f; CEB); Dysmenorrhea (f; DEM); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Dysuria (f; DEM); Fever (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; FAD); Jaundice (f; DEM; FAD); Poison Ivy (f; DEM; FAD); Swelling (f; FAD); VD (f; FAD); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; CEB; FAD; HHB); Wound (f; FAD) Dosages (Virginia-Creeper) — 15–30 drops fluid shoot extract (CEB) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Virginia-Creeper) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD) There has been one report of a child fatality following ingestion of the berries (which can contain up to 20,000 ppm oxalic acid) (PH2) V 756 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs VIRILITY VINE (Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.) + Synonym: Dolichos pyramidalis Lam Activities (Virility Vine) — Aphrodisiac (1; CRC); Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Poison (1; CRC) Indications (Virility Vine) — Cough (f; CRC); Impotence (1; CRC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Virility Vine) — Narcotic hallucinogen (CRC) V W WAFER ASH (Ptelea trifoliata L.) + Activities (Wafer Ash) — Antibacterial (1; HHB; PH2); Antiperiodic (f; EFS); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (1; PH2); Aperitif (f; FEL); Astringent (f; EFS); Candidicide (f; HHB; PH2); Curare (f; DEM); Detersive (f; EFS); Fungicide (f; HHB; PH2); Litholytic (f; PH2); Tonic (f; EFS; FEL; PH2); Vermifuge (f; EFS; HHB) Indications (Wafer Ash) — Anorexia (f; FEL); Asthma (f; FEL); Bacteria (1; HHB; PH2); Candida (1; HHB; PH2); Debility (f; FEL); Dermatosis (f; FEL); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Dyspnea (f; FEL); Erysipelas (f; FEL); Fever (f; EFS; FEL); Fungus (1; HHB; PH2); Gallstone (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; DEM; PH2); Infection (1; HHB; PH2); Inflammation (f; FEL); Malaria (f; EFS; FEL); Mucososis (f; FEL); Mycosis (1; HHB; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; DEM; FEL); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stone (f; PH2); Tuberculosis (1; HHB); Worm (f; EFS; HHB); Yeast (1; HHB; PH2) Dosages (Wafer Ash) — 0.5 fluid oz cold bark infusion every 2–4 hours (FEL) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wafer Ash) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) None at standard dosages (PH2) Phototoxicity is possible with the citrus family WAHOO (Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.) X (downgraded from CRC) W Rightly or wrongly, European authors (EFS and PH2) tend to aggregate E atropurpureus and E europaeus L Some of the data below probably accrue only to one or the other 757 ... There has been one report of a child fatality following ingestion of the berries (which can contain up to 20,000 ppm oxalic acid) (PH2) V 756 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs VIRILITY VINE (Rhynchosia... oligolactea The lactagogue properties of vervain are often attributed to aucubin A luteinizing action is attributed to inhibition of gonadotropic action on the posterior lobe of the pituitary Verbenalin... Burn (f; SKJ); Cerebrosis (f; KAB); Colic (f; WOI); Cramp (f; EFS); Epilepsy (f; SKJ); Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 755 Fever (f; EFS; JFM; KAB; SUW; WOI); Flu (f; JFM; ZUL); Fungus (1; ZUL); Gas