658 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs PHR; PH2); Cancer (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; CRC; JLH); Cardiopathy (2; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Childbirth (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Circulosis (2; KOM); Climacteric (f; MAD); Congestion (f; CRC; MAD); Cystosis (f; MAD); Diphtheria (f; CRC); Dropsy (f; CRC; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD); Eczema (f; MAD); Edema (f; PHR; PH2); Gallstone (f; PHR); Gingirrhagia (f; PHR); Gout (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gravel (f; CRC); Headache (f; HHB); Heart (f; CRC); Hemophilia (f; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Herpes (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; PH2); Hypotension (1; CAN; KOM; PH2); Hypertony (f; CRC; HHB); Jaundice (f; CRC; PHR; PH2); Kidney Stone (f; PHR; PH2); Low Blood Pressure (1; APA; CAN; KOM; MAD; PH2); Metrorrhagia (f; CAN); Myalgia (f; APA; CRC); Nephrosis (f; CRC; MAD); Neurosis (f; PH2); Pain (f; HHB); Palpitation (f; CAN); Psoriasis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Sciatica (f; CRC; PHR); Scrofula (f; MAD); Snakebite (f; PHR); Splenomegaly (f; CRC; PHR); Splenosis (f; MAD; PH2); Sterility (f; MAD); Swelling (f; APA; CRC); Tachycardia (f; CAN); Toothache (f; CRC); Tumor (f; CAN); Water Retention (1; APA; CAN; CRC; MAD) Dosages (Scotch Broom) — Level tsp chopped flower shoot/cup water 3–4 ×/day (APA); 1–2 g dry tops as tea (CAN); 1–2 ml liquid top extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) (CAN); 0.5–2 ml top tincture (1:5 in 45% ethanol) (CAN); 1–1.5 g dry herb (no more than mg/ml sparteine); 2–4 ml liquid shoot extract (PNC); 4–8 ml concentrated shoot infusion (PNC); 8–15 ml concentrated shoot decoction (PNC) S Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scotch Broom) — Class 2b (JAD), Abortifacient (AHP) Bravely, Commission E says no known side effects or contraindications (KOM) A rather heroic herb I not recommend, like CAN which says, “broom is not suitable for self medication.” Containing tyramine, it should not be used with MAOIs (KOM) Commission E reports flower contains only low level of alkaloids (major alkaloid sparteine), so that toxic alkaloidal effects should not be expected Contraindications: hypertension; Interactions: MAOIs (the flower may contain more than 2% of tyramine) And as early as 1938, it was contraindicated in acute nephropathy (MAD) Sparteine was reported as a cardiac depressant (CAN) Also contraindicated in cardiopathy and high blood pressure Contraindicated during pregnancy (AEH) Because sparteine is oxytocic, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided (CAN) Here I see the oft-repeated anomaly, a low dose may have the opposite effect (tachycardic) of high doses (bradycardic) Sparteine is more quinidine-like than digitalic, a powerful oxytocic once used to stimulate uterine constrictions (CAN) Sparteine sulphate can produce respiratory arrest (CAN) Sparteine is a negative chronotropic and a negative inotropic Doses corresponding to >300 mg sparteine (ca 30 g herb) May induce dizziness, headache, ocular palsy, palpitations, prickly sensations in the extremities, profuse sweating, sleepiness, and weakness of the legs Flowers may contain 2% tyramine, a hypotensive, sympathomimetic, and vasoconstrictor German experts consider broom on par with quinidine for arrhythmia (But quinidine is an herbal derivative, too) Madaus mentioned, as early as 1938, that genistein and sarothamnine’s activities were little know at that time (MAD) Ironically, Commission E approves this poisonous herb (Cytisus) for functional heart and circulatory disorders, whereas the PDR (PHR; PH2) indicates Commission E approval of the herb for hypertension (I refuse to add that to indications above, because it is more liable to cause than cure hypertension; I think they intended hypotension as an indication), while contraindicating the herb and flower in high blood pressure So, it even contradicts itself SCOTCH PINE (Pinus sylvestris L.) + Synonyms: P nigra f pygmaea (Carrière) Rehder, P sylvestris f nana (Carrière) Lipa Eclectic FEL and German MAD treat scotch pine (P sylvestris L.) colloquially as “fir-leaf.” I suspect that the EOs and turpentines of the pines, firs, spruces, etc., are as confused as the frankincense and myrrhs Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 659 Activities (Scotch Pine) — Analgesic (f; BGB); Antiarthritic (f; BGB); Antibacterial (1; BGB; HH2; JBU); Antieczemic (1; BGB); Antirheumatic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (1; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Antispasmodic (1; HH2); Antiviral (1; BGB); Bitter (1; EFS); Bronchospasmolytic (1; HH2); Candidicide (1; HH2); Circulostimulant (1; KOM; PH2); Decongestant (1; BGB; PNC); Diuretic (f; EFS; MAD); Expectorant (1; EFS; HH2; PNC); Fungicide (1; HHB); Pectoral (f; EFS); Rubefacient (2; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Secretolytic (2; BGB; HH2; KOM; PIP); Vasoconstrictor (1; BGB); Vulnerary (f; EFS) Indications (Scotch Pine) — Acne (f; MAD); Adenopathy (f; MAD); Arthrosis (f; BGB; MAD); Asthma (f; MAD); Bacteria (1; BGB; HH2; JBU); Blood Pressure (2; PH2); Bronchosis (2; MAD; PH2); Burn (f; PH2); Cancer, anus (f; JLH); Cancer, feet (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Candida (1; HH2); Carbuncle (f; MAD); Catarrh (2; BGB; KOM; PIP); Cold (2; PH2; PNC); Colic (f; MAD); Condyloma (f; JLH); Congestion (1; BGB; PH2; PNC); Coryza (f; BGB); Cough (2; PH2; PNC); Cramp (1; HH2); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; MAD; PH2); Eczema (1; BGB; MAD; PH2); Emaciation (f; MAD); Empyema (f; MAD); Epididymosis (f; MAD); Escherichia (1; HH2); Fever (2; PH2); Fungus (1; HHB; HH2); Furuncle (f; MAD); Gallstone (f; MAD; PH2); Gastrosis (f; MAD); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gout (f; MAD); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemoptysis (f; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; FNF); Hoarseness (f; PH2); Hypochondria (f; MAD); Hysteria (f; MAD); Immunodepression (2; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; HHB; JBU; MAD; PH2); Inflammation (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; MAD); Ischiosis (f; MAD); Itch (f; PH2); Laryngosis (1; BGB); Lumbago (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; HHB; HH2); Myosis (2; PIP; PH2); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Neuralgia (2; KOM; MAD; PIP; PH2); Pain (2; BGB; MAD; PH2); Pharyngosis (2; PH2); Polyp (f; JLH); Proctosis (f; JLH; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (2; BGB; KOM; PIP); Rheumatism (2; BGB; EFS; FEL; KOM; PH2); Rhinosis (f; PH2); Rickets (f; MAD); Salmonella (1; HH2); Scabies (f; PH2); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; MAD); Sore Throat (f; FEL); Splenosis (f; JLH); Staphylococcus (1; HH2; X10857921); Stomatosis (2; PH2); Swelling (f; MAD); Sycosis (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (1; HH2; MAD); Urethrosis (f; MAD); Urticaria (f; PH2); Uterosis (f; JLH); Virus (1; BGB); VD (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS; MAD); Wound (f; MAD; PH2); Yeast (1; HH2) Dosages (Scotch Pine) — 2–3 g shoots, or add several drops EO to hot water and inhale (KOM; PIP); 5–15 drops turpentine (MAD); massage with 10–50% EO in medium (PIP) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scotch Pine) — None for whole herb EO contraindicated in bronchial asthma and pertussis (BGB); may irritate mucous membrane and skin, and may increase bronchospasm No drug-drug interactions reported (KOM; PIP) Only P strobus covered by AHP EOs of P mugo, P nigra, P pinaster, P pumilio, and P sylvestris are conveniently amalgamated in the literature, convenient because few botanists can tell the pines apart, much less isolated parts or components of the pine, like EOs and turiones The PDR suggests that Commission E approves pine shoots (turiones), the oils, and the turpentines for blood pressure problems (turiones only), bronchosis, the common cold, cough, fever, neuralgia pharyngosis, stomatosis, and a tendency to infection ( = weak immune system?) (PHR) Pollen is said to contain testosterone (FNF) Only P strobus is covered by AHP SCOTCH THISTLE (Onopordum acanthium L.) +++ Activities (Scotch Thistle) — Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antitussive (f; HHB); Aperitif (f; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; PH2); Diuretic (f; EFS; MAD); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Expectorant (f; HHB); Laxative (f; MAD); Stimulant (f; PH2); Stomachic (f; EFS) Indications (Scotch Thistle) — Amenorrhea (f; EFS); Anorexia (f; EFS); Cancer (f; JLH; MAD); Cancer, face (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; MAD); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Constipation (f; MAD); Convulsion (f; HHB); Cough (f; HHB); Dermatosis (f; HHB); Diarrhea (f; HHB); Dyscrasia (f; MAD); Fever (f; EFS); Lupus (f; MAD); Nausea (f; HHB); Rash (f; HHB); Scab (f; HHB); Scabies S 660 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs (f; HHB); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; HHB; JLH; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS; MAD); Wound (f; HHB) Dosages (Scotch Thistle) — tsp herb ×/day (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scotch Thistle) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) SCURVY-GRASS, SPOONWORT (Cochlearia officinalis L.) +++ Activities (Scurvy-Grass) — Antibacterial (1; HHB); Antiscorbutic (1; EFS; FNF; PH2); Antiseptic (1; EFS; HHB); Depurative (f; EFS; PH2); Discutient (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; PH2); Irritant (1; PH2); Rubefacient (f; HHB); Stimulant (f; EFS); Stomachic (f; HHB) Indications (Scurvy-Grass) — Bacteria (1; HHB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Conjunctivosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PNC); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Epistaxis (f; PH2); Gastrosis (f; PH2); Gingivosis (f; PH2); Gonorrhea (f; PH2); Gout (f; HHB; PH2); Infection (f; HHB); Pain (f; HHB); Rheumatism (f; HHB; PH2); Scrofula (f; PH2); Scurvy (f; PH2); Sore (f; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomachache (f; PH2); Stomatosis (f; PNC); Toothache (f; HHB); VD (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; EFS; PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Scurvy-Grass) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) SEA BUCKTHORN (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) +++ Activities (Sea Buckthorn) — Antiaggregant (f; PH2); Antiaging (f; PH2); Antioxidant (1; PH2); Antitumor (1; PH2); Antiulcer (1; PH2); Astringent (1; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; PH2); Hepatoprotective (1; PH2); Ophthalmic (f; PH2); Radioprotective (f; HHB; PH2); Vulnerary (f; PH2) Indications (Sea Buckthorn) — Cancer (1; JLH; PH2); Cardiopathy (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; DAA; WOI); Diarrhea (1; EFS); Hepatosis (1; PH2); Infection (f; PH2); Ophthalmia (f; PH2); Pulmonosis (f; DAA; KAB); Sclerosis (f; PH2); Sunburn (f; PH2); Tumor (1; PH2); Ulcer (1; PH2); Wound (f; PH2) Dosages (Sea Buckthorn) — Food farmacy Take as one of your Struggle for Seven Fruits (JAD) 5–10 g (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sea Buckthorn) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) S SEA ISLAND COTTON, UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium barbadense L.) + Synonyms: G evertum O F Cook & J Hubb., G peruvianum Cav., G vitifolium Lam Species are not necessarily distinguishable, activities and indications are often lumped; see, e.g., JFM Activities (Sea Island Cotton) — Abortifacient (1; CRC; FNF); Astringent (f; CRC); Contraceptive (1; CRC); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; CRC); Emollient (f; CRC); Hemostat (f; CRC); Lactagogue (f; CRC); Oxytocic (f; CRC); Pectoral (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; AHP); Vasoconstrictor (f; CRC) Indications (Sea Island Cotton) — Ague (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (1; CRC); Asthma (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 661 breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; CRC; HHB; PH2); Climacteric (f; PH2); Cold (f; CRC; JFM); Colic (f; CRC); Cramp (f; JFM); Diarrhea (f; CRC); Dysentery (f; CRC; JFM); Dyslactea (f; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Dysuria (f; JFM); Earache (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; JFM); Fever (f; CRC; JFM); Fibroid (1; CRC; FNF); Headache (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (f; CRC; JFM); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; CRC; JFM); Laryngosis (f; JFM); Leukemia (1; FNF; JLH); Lymph (1; CRC); Ovary (f; CRC); Pain (f; JFM); Polyp (f; CRC; FNF; JLH); Pulmonosis (f; JLH; JFM); Rheumatism (f; CRC; JFM); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Sterility (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; CRC); Strangury (f; CRC); Tumor (1; CRC; FNF); Uterosis (f; CRC; FNF); UTI (f; JFM); Water Retention (f; CRC) Dosages (Sea Island Cotton) — 100 g root in liter water, reduced by boiling to 0.5 liter, take 50 g liquid every half hour (dangerous formula for abortion; CRC); leaves in liter water for hypertension (JFM); 6–8 g seed/150 g water or milk, ×/day as lactagogue (f; JFM) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sea Island Cotton) — Class 2b Contraindicated in urogenital irritation or tendency to inflammation; may sterilize men (AHP) LD50 gossypol 10–20 mg/kg ipr rat SELF-HEAL, HEAL ALL (Prunella vulgaris L.) +++ S Activities (Self-Heal) — Alterative (f; SKJ); Analgesic (f; DEM); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; JAD); Antimutagenic (1; FAD; X3278214); Antioxidant (2; FNF; JAD); Antipyretic (f; EFS); Antirheumatic (f; SKJ); Antiseptic (1; DAA; FAD; EFS; FNF); Antispasmodic (f; DEP; SKJ); Antitumor (1; FAD); Antiviral (1; FNF; JAD); Astringent (f; FEL; PNC); Bitter (f; FEL); Carminative (f; DAA); Collyrium (f; DEM); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; FNF; JAD); Depurative (f; DEM); Diuretic (1; FAD; KAB); Emetic (f; DEM); Expectorant (f; DEP; SKJ); Hemostat (f; EFS; PNC); Hepatopro- 662 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs tective (1; FNF; JAD); Hypotensive (1; FAD); RT Inhibitor (1; FNF; HAD; JAD); Stomachic (f; EFS); Tonic (f; SKJ); Vulnerary (f; EFS; PNC) Indications (Self-Heal) — Abscess (f; DAA); Acne (f; DEM); Alzheimer’s (1; FNF; JAD); Anxiety (f; DAA); Aposteme (f; JLH); Aphtha (f; TOM); Arthrosis (1; FNF; JAD); Backache (f; DEM); Biliousness (f; DEM); Bite (f; TOM); Bleeding (f; EFS; FEL; PHR; PH2; PNC); Boil (1; DAA; DEM; FAD); Bronchosis (f; KAB); Bruise (1; DEM; FAD); Burn (f; DEM); Cancer (1; FAD; FNF; JAD; X3278214); Cancer, breast (1; FNF; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; DEM; KAB); Catarrh (f; PH2); Cold (f; DEM); Colic (f; DAA); Conjunctivosis (1; DAA; FAD); Cornea (f; KAB); Cough (f; DEM; SKJ); Cramp (f; DEP; SKJ); Dermatosis (f; DEM); Diarrhea (1; DEM; FAD; FEL); Dusgeusia (f; DAA); Dysentery (f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Dyspnea (f; DEM; KAB); Enterosis (f; PHR; PH2); Fever (f; DEM; EFS; FAD); Gas (f; DAA); Gastrosis (f; DEM; PHR; PH2); Gout (f; DAA); Graves Disease (1; FNF; JAD); Headache (f; DAA); Hemorrhoid (f; DEM; DEP; SKJ); Hepatosis (1; FAD; FNF; JAD); High Blood Pressure (1; DAA; FAD); HIV (1; FNF; JAD); Hypothyroidism (1; FNF; JAD); Inflammation (1; FNF; JAD; PH2); Insanity (f; KAB); Leukorrhea (f; DAA); Mastosis (f; JLH); Myalgia (f; KAB); Nausea (f; DEM); Nephrosis (1; FAD); Neurosis (f; TOM); Ophthalmia (f; HHB; KAB); Pain (f; DEM); Parasite (f; KAB); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Proctosis (f; SKJ); Pulmonosis (f; HHB; KAB); Rheumatism (f; EFS; SKJ); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Scrofula (1; DAA; FAD); Senility (f; KAB); Sore (1; DEM; FAD; JLH); Sore Throat (1; FAD; FEL; PH2); Splenosis (f; KAB); Stomatosis (1; FAD; PH2); Tinnitus (f; DAA); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (1; FAD); VD (f; DEM); Vertigo (f; DAA); Virus (1; FNF; JAD); Water Retention (1; FAD; KAB); Wound (f; DAA; PNC) Dosages (Self-Heal) — One tbsp dry herb/cup water; or as they in West Virginia, eat a half cup of “eel-oil” greens (JAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Self-Heal) — Class (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Loaded with natural antioxidants, this edible weed contains more rosmarinic acid than rosemary itself SENBURI (Swertia japonica Makino) ++ Activities (Senburi) — Aperitif (1; PH2); Bitter (1; PH2); Cardiotonic (1; HHB); Tonic (1; PH2) Indications (Senburi) — Anorexia (1; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Insomnia (f; PH2) Dosages (Senburi) — 30–50 mg powdered shoot (HHB; HH3; PH2) S Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Senburi) — Not covered (AHP).“Health hazards not known with proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) SENEGA ROOT (Polygala senega L.) ++ Activities (Senega Root) — Antiinflammatory (1; APA); Antispasmodic (f; FAD); Depurative (f; DEM; TOM); Diaphoretic (f; APA; FAD; FEL; TOM); Diuretic (f; FAD; FEL); Emetic (1; APA; FAD; FEL); Emmenagogue (f; FEL; TOM); Expectorant (2; APA; FAD; KOM; PH2; PIP); Laxative (f; FAD; FEL; TOM); Secretagogue (f; FEL); Secretolytic (1; HHB; KOM; PH2); Sialagogue (1; CAN; FEL); Stimulant (f; TOM); Tonic (f; DEM) Indications (Senega Root) — Amenorrhea (f; FAD; MAD); Asthma (f; APA; CEB; FAD; MAD); Bleeding (f; DEM); Blepharosis (f; MAD); Bronchosis (2; APA; FAD; MAD; PH2; PHR); Cardiopathy (f; DEM; FAD); Cataract (f; MAD); Catarrh (2; FEL; KOM; MAD; PHR; PIP); Cold (f; APA; DEM; FAD; TOM); Congestion (f; PH2; TOM); Conjunctivosis (f; MAD); Constipation (f; FAD; FEL; TOM); Convulsion (f; DEM; FAD); Cough (2; PHR; PH2; TOM); Cramp (f; FAD); Croup (f; FAD; FEL; MAD; TOM); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; FEL); Dropsy (f; MAD; TOM); Dysmenorrhea (f; ... MAD); Nausea (f; HHB); Rash (f; HHB); Scab (f; HHB); Scabies S 660 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs (f; HHB); Sclerosis (f; JLH); Scrofula (f; MAD); Sore (f; HHB; JLH; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS;.. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 659 Activities (Scotch Pine) — Analgesic (f; BGB); Antiarthritic (f; BGB); Antibacterial... (f; CRC); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 661 breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus