Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 733 Indications (Tienchi) — Alopecia (1; SHB); Altitude Sickness (f; AKT); Angina (2; KEB); Arrhythmia (1; AKT; APA; KEB); Atrial Fibrillation (1; KEB); Bacteria (1; DAA); Bleeding (1; AKT; APA; CRC; KEB); Bruise (1; CRC; KEB); Cancer (1; AKT; CRC; DAA); Cancer, skin (1; AKT); Cardiopathy (1; AKT; APA; KEB; SHB); Colic (f; APA; KEB); Diabetes (1; AKT); Dysmenorrhea (f; CRC); Edema (1; APA; KEB; SHB); Embolism (f; AKT); Epistaxis (1; CRC; DAA); Epstein-Barr Virus (1; SHB); Escherichia (1; FNF); Fatigue (f; APA; CRC); Fracture (f; AKT); Hematochezia (f; CRC); Hematuria (1; CRC; KEB); Hematemesis (1; KEB); Hepatosis (1; SHB); High Blood Pressure (1; AKT; APA; KEB); High Cholesterol (1; KEB); High Triglycerides (1; KEB); Hyperglycemia (1; AKT; SHB); Hypoglycemia (1; KEB); Inflammation (1; APA; CRC; KEB); Insomnia (1; CRC; DAA); Ischemia (1; KEB); Itch (1; SHB); Liver Spot (1; APA); Malaena (1; KEB); Metrorrhagia (1; CRC; KEB); Myocardosis (1; KEB); Nervousness (1; CRC; DAA); Neuropathy (f; AKT); Obesity (1; KEB); Ophthalmia (f; AKT); Pain (1; AKT; APA; CRC; KEB); Retinosis (f; AKT); Sprain (f; AKT); Staphylococcus (1; FNF); Stress (f; APA; CRC); Swelling (1; AKT; APA; KEB); Tumor (1; DAA); Ulcer (1; SHB); Virus (1; SHB); Wound (f; AKT; CRC) Dosages (Tienchi) — 1–3 g powdered root/day (APA); 2–9 g dry root/day or 4–18 ml fluid extract (1:2); higher doses for severe bleeding and trauma (KEB) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Tienchi) — Class 2b (No reason given) (AHP) Contraindicated in pregnancy (KEB) TIGER LILY (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) ++ Synonym: L tigrinum Ker Gawl MAD features tiger lily, while PH2 covers Lilium candidum L and L martagon L., but excludes L tigrinum Ker Gawl., now better known as L lancifolium Thunb The USDA and WOI view all three as different, so I too, will include all three in my Herbal Desk Reference EFS and HHB aggregated data for tiger lily and martagon I treat them as separate Activities (Tiger Lily) — Antiestrogenic (1; MAD); Carminative (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Emollient (f; EFS); Expectorant (f; EFS); Tonic (f; EFS) Indications (Tiger Lily) — Angina (f; WOI); Asthma (f; MAD); Astigmatism (f; WOI); Backache (f; MAD); Bleeding (f; MAD); Cardiopathy (f; MAD; WOI); Childbirth (f; FEL); Congestion (f; FEL; MAD); Cough (f; HHB; MAD); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; HHB; MAD); Dysuria (f; MAD); Endometriosis (f; MAD); Gas (f; EFS); Genitaliosis (f; HHB); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Leukorrhea (f; HHB); Menorrhagia (f; MAD); Migraine (f; MAD); Myopia (f; WOI); Hot Flash (f; MAD); Morning Sickness (f; FEL); Neuralgia (f; WOI); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Ovariosis (f; HHB; WOI); Palpitation (f; MAD); Prolapse (f; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; MAD); Uterosis (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; EFS; PH2) Dosages (Tiger Lily) — 1/8 to drops strong plant tincture (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Tiger Lily) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD) Pollen poisoning in children may cause drowsiness, emesis, and purging (FEL) T 734 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs TOBACCO (Nicotiana tabacum L.) X Synonyms: N chinensis Fisch ex Lehm., N tabacum var macrophylla (Lehm.) Shrank Activities (Tobacco) — Acaricide (f; JFM); Analgesic (f; CRC); Anorectic (f; CRC); Anticonvulsant (f; DEM); Antidote (f; CRC); Antidote, lead (f; FEL); Antipyretic (f; JFM); Antiseptic (1; FEL); Antispasmodic (f; CRC; FEL); CNS Stimulant (1; CRC; PH2); Convulsant (f; CRC); Depressant (f; CRC); Discutient (f; EFS; FEL); Diuretic (f; DEM); Emetic (f; CRC; DEM; EFS); Expectorant (f; DEM; FEL); Fumitory (1; CRC); Hemostat (f; DEM); Hypertensive (1; PHR; PH2); Hypotensive (1; PHR; PH2); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Larvicide (f; JFM); Laxative (f; CRC; DEM; EFS); Molluscicide (1; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC; EFS); Parasiticide (1; CRC); Piscicide (f; CRC); Poison (1; PH2); Psychedelic (f; CRC); Respirastimulant (1; PH2); Sedative (f; CRC; EFS); Sialagogue (f; EFS; FEL); Vermifuge (1; CRC) T Indications (Tobacco) — Adenopathy (f; FEL); Ague (f; DEM); Angina (f; PH2); Asthma (f; CRC; FEL; ZIM); Backache (f; CRC; JFM); Bile (f; PH2); Bite (f; DEM; JFM; PH2); Bleeding (f; DEM); Boil (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Bruise (f; JFM); Bubo (f; FEL); Cancer (f; CRC); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, nose (f; JLH); Carcinoma (f; CRC); Caries (f; PH2); Catarrh (f; CRC); Cerebrosis (f; FEL); Childbirth (f; CRC; FEL); Cholecystosis (f; CRC); Cholera (f; FEL); Cirrhosis (f; CRC; JLH); Cold (f; CRC); Colic (f; JFM); Constipation (f; CRC; DEM; EFS; FEL); Convulsion (f; DEM); Cough (f; CRC; FEL); Cramp (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Croup (f; FEL); Debility (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CRC; FEL; PH2); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dropsy (f; DEM); Dysentery (f; CRC; FEL); Earache (f; CRC; DEM; PH2); Epididymosis (f; FEL); Epistaxis (f; CRC); Erysipelas (f; FEL); Fever (f; JFM); Flu (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Gout (f; FEL); Headache (f; CRC; JFM); Head Cold (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; FEL); Hernia (f; PH2); Hiccup (f; FEL); High Blood Pressure (1; PHR; PH2); Hysteria (f; FEL); Inflammation (f; FEL); Insomnia (f; CRC; EFS); Itch (f; FEL); Laryngosis (f; FEL); Lethargy (f; CRC); Lice (f; JFM); Low Blood Pressure (1; PHR; PH2); Lumbago (f; CRC); Malaria (f; CRC); Mange (f; JFM); Menorrhagia (f; CRC); Nausea (f; PH2); Nervousness (f; CRC; EFS); Neuropathy (f; FEL; JFM); Ophthalmia (f; ZIM); Orchosis (f; FEL); Pain (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Paralysis (f; CRC); Parasite (1; CRC; FNF; PH2); Pediculosis (f; CRC); Polyp (f; JLH); Respirosis (f; FEL); Rheumatism (f; CRC; DEM; FEL; JFM); Rhinosis (f; JLH; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 735 PH2); Scabies (f; CRC; FEL); Scirrhus (f; CRC; JLH); Scrofula (f; DEM; FEL); Snakebite (f; CRC; JFM); Sore (f; CRC; JFM); Spasm (f; CRC); Sting (f; CRC; PH2); Stomachache (f; CRC); Swelling (f; CRC; PH2); Syncope (f; DEM); Tetanus (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Ticks (f; JFM); Toothache (f; CRC; PH2); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Tumor (f; CRC); Ulcer (f; CRC); Vertigo (f; DEM); Wart (f; ZIM); Water Retention (f; DEM); Worm (1; CRC; PH2); Wound (f; CRC; JFM) Extracts (Tobacco) — Interesting to see that tincture is recommended for wandering and fixed acute rheumatism (sounds like my Lyme arthrosis) (FEL) TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) +++ Activities (Tomato) — Allergenic (f; JFM); Analgesic (f; UPW); Antiatherosclerotic (1; X11229363); Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antiblister (f; JFM); Anticancer (1; FNF); Antinitrosaminic (1; JNU); Antioxidant (1; FNF; JNU); Antiprostatitic (1; FNF); Antiseptic (1; CRC; UPW); Aperient (f; CRC); Aperitif (f; EFS); Chemopreventive (1; FNF); Depurative (f; CRC; EFS); Digestive (f; CRC; EFS); Diuretic (f; JFM; UPW); Fungicide (1; CRC; JFM; UPW); Herbicide (1; CRC); Hypocholesterolemic (1; FNF); Hypotensive (1; PH2); Larvicide (1; CRC); Pectoral (f; CRC); Poison (1; CRC); Vermifuge (1; JFM) Indications (Tomato) — Anorexia (f; EFS; PH2); Asthma (1; FNF; JFM; JNU; TGP); Athlete’s Foot (1; FNF; TGP); Atherosclerosis (1; X11229363); Bacteria (1; PH2); BPH (1; FNF; JNU); Boil (f; CRC; JFM); Burn (f; JFM); Cancer (1; FNF); Cancer, cervix (1; JNU); Cancer, colon (1; JNU); Cancer, esophagus (1; JNU); Cancer, liver (f; FNF); Cancer, lung (1; JNU); Cancer, mouth (1; CRC; FNF; JLH; JNU); Cancer, pancreas (1; JNU); Cancer, prostate (1; CRC; FNF; JNU); Cancer, rectum (1; JNU); Cancer, stomach (1; JNU); Cardiopathy (1; JFM; JNU); Cataract (1; ABS; FNF); Cervicosis (1; JNU); Chilblain (f; CRC; DAA); Chill (f; PHR; PH2); Cold (f; PHR; PH2); Conjunctivosis (f; JFM); Corn (f; CRC; JLH); Cough (f; CRC); Dementia (1; JNU); Diabetes (1; ABS; FNF); Diarrhea (f; UPW); Dyspepsia (f; PHR; PH2); Dysuria (f; JFM; UPW); Earache (f; UPW); Enterosis (1; JNU); Esophagosis (1; JNU); Fever (f; CRC); Flu (f; CRC; JFM; PH2); Fungus (1; CRC; JFM; UPW); Gas (f; PH2); Gastrosis (1; JNU); Glaucoma (f; JNU); Gonorrhea (f; CRC; UPW); Gravel (f; CRC); Hangover (f; JAD); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC; JFM); High Blood Pressure (1; FNF; PH2; TGP); High Cholesterol (1; FNF; JNU); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; CRC; JFM; PH2; UPW); Inflammation (f; JFM); Mastosis (1; JNU); Mycosis (1; CRC; JFM; UPW); Ophthalmia (f; CRC; PH2); Otosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; UPW); Palpitation (f; CRC; JFM); Pancreatosis (1; JNU); Pharyngosis (f; JFM; PH2); Phthisis (f; CRC); Presbyopia (f; JNU); Proctosis (1; JNU); Pulmonosis (1; JNU); Rheumatism (f; PHR; PH2); Ringworm (f; CRC; JFM); Sore T 736 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Throat (f; JFM); Stomatosis (1; JFM; JNU; PH2); Sunburn (f; CRC); Toothache (f; DAA); Tumor (f; CRC); Typhoid (f; CRC); Ulcer (f; CRC); VD (f; CRC); Vitiligo (f; CRC; UPW); Wart (f; JLH; UPW); Water Retention (f; JFM; UPW); Worm (1; JFM); Yellow Fever (f; JFM) Dosages (Tomato) — Let this be one of your five fruits or five veggies per day (JAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Tomato) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) None reported at normal doses (PH2) Leaves are poisonous and green tomatoes may not be salubrious; toxicity not noted with less than 100 g Symptoms include arrhythmia, bradycardia, colic, cramps, diarrhea, dizziness, dyspnea, headache, mucososis, vomiting, and in huge overdoses, respiratory collapse (PH2) TONKA BEAN (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.) + Synonym: Coumarouna odorata Aubl Activities (Tonka Bean) — Antiaggregant (1; APA; DAW); Antioxidant (1; APA); Antipyretic (f; DAV; DAW); Antiseptic (1; APA); Antispasmodic (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Antitussive (f; DAW); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Cardiotonic (f; DAW; FEL); Cardiotoxic (1; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; DAW); Fumitory (f; CRC); Hepatotoxic (1; APA); Narcotic (f; CRC; DAD; FEL); Stimulant (f; DAW); Stomachic (f; DAW); Tonic (f; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2) Indications (Tonka Bean) — Bruise (f; DAV); Cachexia (f; APA; CRC); Canker (f; CRC); Cough (f; DAV); Cramp (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Dyspepsia (f; DAW); Earache (f; CRC); Fever (f; DAV; DAW); Nausea (f; APA; CRC; DAD); Pertussis (f; APA; CRC; FEL; PHR; PH2); Rheumatism (f; DAV); Schistosomiasis (f; CRC; DAD); Snakebite (f; DAV); Sore (f; CRC); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Spasm (f; CRC); Stomatosis (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (1; APA); Ulcer (f; CRC) Dosages (Tonka Bean) — Should not be used medicinally (APA) T Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Tonka Bean) — Class (AHP) Not covered (CAN; KOM) None at proper dosage (PH2) 150 g tonka beans, cf ~4 g coumarin, might induce headache, nausea, stupor, and vomiting (PH2) Rats and dogs fed coumarin develop liver damage, retarded growth, and testicular atrophy In large doses, fluid extracts of tonka beans are reportedly cardioparalytic (APA) The reddish sawdust once caused a workman’s hair, when wetted, to turn bright green (CRC) Coumarin can cause severe liver damage “which is why the FDA banned the use of the beans as a flavoring agent” (APA) Narcotic, the fluid extract can paralyze the heart if infused in large doses Respectable scientists question that coumarin, in reasonable doses, can harm humans with normal liver function Coumarin may possibly cause bleeding incidents, but not like coumadin Not being exactly exact, APA leads us to a half-coumadinized conclusion: “You may recognize the name coumarin in relation to the common anticoagulant warfarin, sold as Coumadin” (APA) My understanding is that coumadin is dicumarol, much more serious than coumarin itself Coumarin itself (1,2-benzopyrone) has long-established efficacy in slow-onset, long-term reduction of lymphedema in humans, as confirmed in recent double-blind trials against elephantiasis and postmastectomy swelling of the arm The mechanism of action is uncertain, but may involve macrophage-induced proteolysis of edema protein However, coumarin has low absolute bioavailability in humans (