638 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs pasmodic compounds, rue is also a poisonous plant, both internally and externally “The plant should not be ingested, especially by pregnant women” (LRNP-July 1989) Having seen it applied cosmetically, and consumed internally in Peru, where I have visited regularly for a decade, I find the APA entry even more alarming The volatile oil “can cause severe stomach pain, vomiting, convulsive twitching, life-threatening miscarriage, and other serious complications, including fatal ones, if taken in large doses” (APA, citing LAF) Solvent extracts of rue have antifertility effects in rats when added to diet, even up to 10 days after coitus (TAD) With more than 40 alkaloids and 40 coumarins, this chemistry set might defy standardization concepts LD50 EO = 2540 orl mus (HH2), LD50 EO = >5000 orl rat (HH2) RUPTUREWORT (Herniaria glabra L.) ++ EFS and HHB lump H glabra L with H hirsuta L WOI entries were reported for H glabra or H hirsuta I think the two can logically be treated generically Activities (Rupturewort) — Antidiuretic (f; HHB); Antiseptic (f; HHB); Antispasmodic (f; EFS; PH2); Astringent (f; EFS; WOI); Depurative (f; PH2); Diuretic (1; HHB; PH2; X10709449); Expectorant (f; EFS); Hemolytic (f; WOI); Hypotensive (1; X11427823); Kaliuretic (1; X10709449); Litholytic (f; EFS); Saluretic (1; X10709449) Indications (Rupturewort) — Albuminuria (f; MAD); Anuria (f; MAD); Bladder Stone (f; EFS); Bright’s Disease (f; MAD); Bronchosis (f; MAD); Catarrh (f; GMH; MAD); Cramp (f; EFS; PH2); Cystosis (f; EFS; GMH; PH2); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysuria (f; PH2); Fracture (f; MAD); Gallstone (f; MAD); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gout (f; PH2); High Blood Pressure (1; X11427823); Jaundice (f; MAD); Kidney Stone (f; MAD); Metrosis (f; MAD); Nephrosis (f; MAD; PH2); Neurosis (f; PH2); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Stone (f; EFS; MAD; PH2); Syphilis (f; MAD); Tenesmus (f; MAD); Tuberculosis (f; PH2); Urethrosis (f; MAD; PH2); VD (f; MAD); Water Retention (f; HHB; PH2) Dosages (Rupturewort) — tsp (ca 5.8 g) shoot in cold or hot infusion (MAD); tsp (1.4–1.5 g) shoot in tea 2–3 ×/day (PH2) R Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Rupturewort) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) The coumarin reported from H hirsuta by WOI is said to be powerfully narcotic and gastroirritant, in large doses causing cardiodepression, coldness of the extremities, nausea, vertigo, and vomiting (WOI) RYE (Secale cereale L.) + Activities (Rye) — Antiinflammatory (f; SHT) Indications (Rye) — Adenoma (f; SHT); BPH (f; SHT); Dysuria (f; SHT); Inflammation (f; SHT) Dosages (Rye) — 80–120 mg pollen StX/day (SHT) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Rye) — No contraindications were reported Rare GI and dermatitic side effects were reported Varro Tyler cautioned against self-medication of BPH Whenever treating BPH a practitioner should be involved Base-line levels of PSA should be established before considering an herbal treatment (JAD) S SABADILLA (Schoenocaulon officinale (Schltdl & Cham.) A Gray ex Benth.) + Synonym: Veratrum officinale Schltdl & Cham Activities (Sabadilla) — Anesthetic (1; CRC); Emetic (f; CRC); Hypotensive (1; CRC); Insecticide (1; CRC); Laxative (f; CRC); Neurotonic (f; CRC); Pediculicide (1; CRC); Poison (1; CRC); Sternutator (f; CRC); Vermifuge (f; CRC) Indications (Sabadilla) — Angina (f; CRC); Arthrosis (f; CRC); Cancer (f; CRC); Constipation (f; CRC); Gout (f; CRC); Flu (f; CRC); Headache (f; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; CRC); Hysteria (f; CRC); Inflammation (f; CRC); Lice (1; CRC); Migraine (f; CRC); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Neurasthenia (f; CRC); Pain (1; CRC); Pediculosis (1; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CRC); Worm (f; CRC) SACRED VIROLA (Virola elongata Warb.) + Synonym: Virola theiodora Warb Activities (Sacred Virola) — Candidicide (f; PH2); Hallucinogen (1; DAV; PH2); Narcotic (1; PH2); Psychomimetic (f; PH2); Psychotropic (1; PH2); Tranquilizer (f; DAV); Vulnerary (f; PH2) Indications (Sacred Virola) — Aggressiveness (f; DAV); Arthrosis (f; DAV); Candida (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Infection (f; PH2); Fungus (f; DAV; PH2); Mycosis (f; DAV; PH2); Nervousness (f; DAV); Sore (f; PH2); Swelling (f; DAV); Wound (f; PH2); Yeast (f; PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Sacred Virola) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.) +++ Activities (Safflower) — Abortifacient (f; AHP; HHB; PH2); Analgesic (1; WO3); Antiaggregant (1; AHP; PNC); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antiedemic (1; WO3); Antifertility (f; DAA); Antihydrotic (f; HHB; PH2); Antiinflammatory (1; PNC; WO3; X8987908); Antiischemic (1; X8425843); Antipyretic (f; DAA; PED); Antitumor (1; PH2; X8604239); Bitter (f; PED); Calcium Antagonist (1; WO3; X8281577); Cardiotonic (1; WO3); Cytotoxic (1; X11090999); Decongestant (f; DAA); Diaphoretic (f; DAA; PED); Diuretic (f; PNC); Emmenagogue (1; AHP; HHB; PH2; WO2); Expectorant (f; HHB; PH2); Fungicide (1; DAA); Hypocholesterolemic (1; HHB); Laxative (1; HHB; PH2; PNC; WO2); Nematicide (1; WO2); Neuroprotective (1; X8425843); Phototoxic (f; DAA); Sedative (1; WO2); Stimulant (1; HHB; PH2; WO2); Teratogenic (1; X11090999); Uterotonic (1; AHP; X7646782); Vermifuge (f; DAA) Indications (Safflower) — Amenorrhea (1; AHP; DAA; PH2); Arthrosis (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; DAA; WO2); Boil (f; DAA); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Bruise (f; PNC); Cancer (1; JLH; PH2; 639 S 640 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs X8604239); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (1; PH2; X8604239); Cancer, stomach (f; PH2); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Candida (1; DAA); Cardiopathy (f; PNC); Chickenpox (f; PED); Childbirth (f; DAA); Congestion (f; DAA); Constipation (1; HHB; PH2; PNC; WO2); Cough (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; PNC); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; PNC); Dystocia (f; DAA); Edema (1; WO3); Escherichia (1; DAA); Fever (f; DAA; PED; PNC); Fungus (1; DAA); Hepatosis (f; JLH; PED); High Cholesterol (1; HHB); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; DAA); Inflammation (1; JLH; PNC; WO3; X8987908); Insomnia (1; WO2; WO3); Ischemia (1; X8425843); Measles (f; PNC); Metrorrhagia (f; HHB); Mycosis (1; DAA); Nervousness (1; WO2); Neurosis (1; X8425843); Pain (1; PH2; WO3); Paralysis (f; HHB); Pemphigus (f; DAA); Pneumonia (f; DAA; HHB; PH2); Rheumatism (f; HHB); Scabies (f; PH2); Swelling (1; WO3); Thrombosis (1; X11243195); Tumor (1; PH2; X8604239); Uterosis (f; DAA); Water Retention (f; PNC); Worm (f; DAA); Wound (f; DAA; PH2; PNC); Yeast (1; DAA) Dosages (Safflower) — g flower in tea to ×/day (HHB); 1–2 tsp fresh flower (PED); 2–3 g dry flower (PED); g dry flower:15 ml alcohol/15 ml water (PED) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Safflower) — Class 2b, 2d Contraindicated in patients with hemorrhagic disease or peptic ulcers Notice: abortifacient, emmenagogue, and uterostimulant May prolong blood coagulation time (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Not covered by Commission E SAFFRON (Crocus sativus L.) ++ S Activities (Saffron) — Abortifacient (2; PHR; PH2); Analgesic (f; APA; CRC; MAD); Antidepressant (f; PNC); Antidote (f; MAD); Antiedemic (1; APA); Antihysteric (f; CRC); Antioxidant (1; PR14:149); Antiradicular (1; PR14:149); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; APA; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 641 CRC; HHB); Antitumor (1; PR14:149); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC; MAD); Balsamic (f; CRC); Cardiotonic (f; CRC; EFS; MAD); Carminative (f; CRC; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; APA; CRC); Digestive (f; APA); Ecbolic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; CRC; HHB; PNC); Emollient (f; APA); Expectorant (f; APA; CRC); Gastrogogue (f; PHR; PH2); Hemostat (f; MAD); Hypocholesterolemic (1; APA); Hypolipemic (1; PR14:149); Hypotensive (1; APA); Myorelaxant (f; APA); Narcotic (f; CRC; SKJ); Nervine (f; CRC); Neuroprotective (1; PR14:149); Sedative (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Stimulant (f; CRC; HHB); Stomachic (f; CRC; HHB); Toxic (f; CRC); Uterotonic (1; PHR; PH2) Indications (Saffron) — Adenopathy (f; JLH); Aegilops (f; JLH); Amenorrhea (1; CRC; MAD; PH2); Asthma (f; MAD); Bladder (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; DAA; MAD); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Burn (f; JLH); Cacoethes (f; JLH); Cancer (1; APA; PR14:149); Cancer, abdomen (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, bladder (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, breast (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, diaphragm (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, ear (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, eye (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, larynx (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, mouth (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, neck (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, spleen (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, stomach (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Cancer, testicle (1 APA; JLH); Cancer, throat (1; APA; JLH); Cancer, tonsil (1; APA; CRC); Cancer, uterus (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Cardiopathy (f; APA); Catarrh (f; CRC; SKJ); Cerebrosis (1; APA); Childbirth (f; DAA; PH2); Cholera (f; CRC); Chorea (f; HHB; MAD); Cold (f; CRC); Condyloma (f; DAA); Conjunctivosis (f; MAD); Cough (f; DAA; MAD); Cramp (f; APA; CRC; DAA; HHB); Cystosis (f; JLH); Depression (f; CRC; DAA; PNC); Dermatosis (f; CRC); Diabetes (f; CRC); Dysmenorrhea (f; DAA; HHB; MAD; PNC); Edema (1; APA); Enterosis (f; JLH); Epistaxis (f; MAD); Fear (f; CRC; DAA); Fever (f; APA; CRC; PH2); Fibroid (f; JLH); Gas (f; CRC; MAD; PNC); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Gout (f; MAD); Hangover (f; LIL); Headache (f; PH2); Hematosis (f; CRC); Hemoptysis (f; DAA; MAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC; JLH; SKJ); High Blood Pressure (1; APA); High Cholesterol (1; APA); Hysteria (f; CRC; DAA; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Inflammation (f; JLH); Insomnia (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Lacrimosis (f; JLH); Laryngosis (f; JLH); Leukemia (f; JLH); Lochiostasis (f; PH2); Lymphoma (1; APA; JLH); Measles (f; CRC; DAA; MAD); Melancholy (f; CRC; HHB); Menorrhagia (f; HHB; PH2); Menoxenia (f; CRC); Nephrosis (f; JLH); Nervousness (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Neurosis (f; CRC); Obesity (1; PR14:149); Ophthalmia (f; JLH); Orchosis (f; JLH); Pain (f; APA; CRC; DAA; MAD); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (f; BIB; DAA; MAD); Phymata (f; JLH); Plague (f; MAD); Puerperium (f; CRC); Sclerosis (f; CRC); Shock (f; CRC; DAA); Snakebite (f; SKJ); Sore Throat (f; PH2); Spasm (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC; JLH); Swelling (1; APA); Tonsilosis (f; JLH); Tumor (1; PR14:149); Twitching (f; MAD); Uterosis (f; CRC; DAA; JLH); VD (f; CRC; DAA); Vertigo (f; MAD); Vomiting (f; PH2); Wart (f; CRC) Dosages (Saffron) — 10–15 stigmata/cup water (APA); 0.5–1.5 g day (APA; HHB); 0.5–2.5 g saffron (PNC); 0.1–1 g powdered saffron (MAD); 15–16 drops tincture (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Saffron) — Class 2b Abortifacient, emmenagogue, and uterotonic Severe side effects may result from ingesting g saffron (LD = 20 g) (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Controversial The 200 mg/kg dose of saffron alleged to extend the life of cancerous mice translates to 22,000 mg or 22 grams saffron with this 100-kg rat named Jim Duke Commission E reports no risks for doses up to 1.5 g; however, g is toxic, 10 g is abortive, and 20 g is lethal (AEH; PHR) Conversely, Tucker and DeBaggio report that “ingesting 0.05 oz (1.5 g) of saffron has resulted in death” (TAD) Paradoxically, the life-saving dose is lethal! It’s good that saffron is so expensive, we won’t have too many fools overdosing on it Preferring to err on the safe side, let’s think of saffron only as an expensive spice to be used judiciously Paella anyone? S 642 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) +++ S Activities (Sage) — Anaphrodisiac (f; FEL); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; KOM; PH2; PIP; WAM); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticholinesterase (1; JAD); Antidiabetic (f; PH2); Antidiaphoretic (1; BGB; MAD); Antihydrotic (1; KOM; PHR); Antiinflammatory (1; COX; PNC); Antilactagogue (1; FNF; MAB); Antioxidant (1; APA; PED; WOI); Antiperspirant (2; APA; KOM; PH2; PNC); Antiproteolytic (1; HH2); Antiseptic (1; APA; PNC); Antisialagogue (2; BGB; FNF; PIP); Antispasmodic (1; CAN; PH2); Antiviral (1; KOM; PH2); Aperitif (1; PH2); Astringent (2; APA; KOM; PH2; WAM); Carminative (1; APA; PED; WOI); Choleretic (1; APA; HH2; PH2); Collyrium (f; JFM); Convulsant (1; APA; CAN); CNS Depressant (1; CAN); Convulsant (f; CRC); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Demulcent (1; WAM); Dentifrice (f; CRC); Deodorant (f; CRC; WOI); Diaphoretic (f; DEM; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (f; MAD); Emmenagogue (f; APA; MAD); Estrogenic (f; APA; BGB; CRC; WOI); Expectorant (f; FEL; MAD); Fungicide (1; HH2; KOM; PH2); Hypotensive (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Immunostimulant (f; PED); Intoxicant (f; CRC); Irritant (1; CAN); Laxative (f; DEM); Memorigenic (1; BGB); Myorelaxant (1; APA); Panacea (f; DEM); Secretagogue (2; KOM); Secretolytic (2; BGB; PH2; PIP); Sedative (1; CAN; DEM); Stomachic (f; MAD); Tonic (f; DEM; MAD); Vermifuge (f; DEM; FEL; JFM); Viristat (1; KOM; PIP); Vulnerary (f; APA) Indications (Sage) — Acne (f; CAN); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Alopecia (f; CRC); Amenorrhea (f; JFM); Angina (f; MAD); Anorexia (2; PHR; PH2); Aphtha (f; MAD); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Asthma (1; CRC; PH2; WAM); Bacteria (1; CAN; KOM; PH2; PIP; WAM); Bleeding (f; MAD); Body Odor (f; WOI); Bronchosis (1; PH2); Bug Bite (f; APA); Cancer (1; APA; COX; FNF); Cancer, gum (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; CRC; JLH); Candida (1; CAN; FNF; WOI); Canker Sore (f; APA); Catarrh (f; BGB; MAD); Cold (1; DEM; WAM); Colic (f; MAD); Constipation (f; DEM); Cough (1; APA; BGB; MAD; WAM); Cramp (1; APA; CAN; PH2); Cystosis (f; MAD); Debility (f; DEM); Depression (f; APA); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diabetes (1; PH2); Diarrhea (f; APA; DEM; PHR; PH2); Dysentery (f; JFM); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA); Dyspepsia (2; APA; CAN; KOM; PH2); Dysphagia (f; APA); Dyspnea (f; MAD); Dysuria (f; MAD); Enterosis (1; APA; ... err on the safe side, let’s think of saffron only as an expensive spice to be used judiciously Paella anyone? S 642 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.) +++ S Activities (Sage)... PR14:149); Antiradicular (1; PR14:149); Antiseptic (f; CRC); Antispasmodic (f; APA; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 641 CRC; HHB); Antitumor (1; PR14:149); Aphrodisiac (f; APA; CRC; MAD); Balsamic... Boil (f; DAA); Bronchosis (f; PH2); Bruise (f; PNC); Cancer (1; JLH; PH2; 639 S 640 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs X8604239); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (1; PH2; X8604239); Cancer, stomach